Journal of Magnesium and Alloys最新文献

{"title":"Liquid metal embrittlement during FAST joining of magnesium and galvanized steel","authors":"Tianhao Wang, Piyush Upadhyay, Hrishikesh Das, Fu-Yun Tsai, Bharat Gwalani","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.09.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2025.09.009","url":null,"abstract":"Joining magnesium (Mg) alloys to steel is difficult due to metallurgical incompatibility. Applying a zinc (Zn) coating to steel enables formation of a thin Mg-Zn eutectic phase layer during welding, which promotes strong bonding. However, in joints created with Friction-stir assisted scribe technology (FAST), this Mg-Zn eutectic phase layer occasionally extends from the interface to the surface of the Mg sheet. This phenomenon is attributed to the formation of a liquid-state Mg-Zn eutectic phase, coupled with the distinctive material flow induced by the FAST tool. Microstructural analysis confirmed that the Mg-Zn eutectic phase comprises α-Mg and the Mg₂₁Zn₂₅ intermetallic compound. Lap shear tensile tests revealed that when the Mg-Zn eutectic phase migration pathway aligned with the stir zone boundary, it led to reduced joint strength and premature fracture along the eutectic phase pathway. This indicates that liquid metal embrittlement (LME) occurred during FAST joining of Mg alloy and galvanized steel. These findings highlight the critical importance of controlling tool features and process parameters in FAST welding to prevent LME- related failures in dissimilar Mg/steel assemblies.","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145260601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breakthroughs for kinetic enhancement of cathode materials in aqueous magnesium-ion batteries","authors":"Qingchen Wei, Tongyang Deng, Hangwei Ren, Wenlong Wang, Wenhui Si, Zhitao Wang, Wenming Zhang, Linjie Gao, Song Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.08.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2025.08.020","url":null,"abstract":"Aqueous magnesium-ion batteries (AMIBs) have been regarded as one of the most promising battery systems among the post-lithium-ion batteries due to their inherent safety, low cost and environmental friendliness. Unfortunately, the sluggish cathode kinetics arising from the inherent high charge density and large ionic radius of Mg²⁺, alongside the structural constraints of cathode materials, remains a fundamental challenge hindering the broad deployment of AMIBs. Recent advances in cathode materials and their interfacial compatibility with electrolytes have yielded valuable insights for optimizing AMIBs systems. In this review, the energy storage mechanisms of AMIBs are systematically elucidated and discussed in detail. Besides, several optimization strategies for cathode materials are critically examined and thoroughly discussed, including but not limited to structural engineering, surface modification and electrolyte compatibility enhancement. Finally, we briefly address the outstanding challenges and potential future developments in this field. This review is poised to offer novel approaches and a significant impetus for material optimization, thereby enhancing the electrochemical performance of AMIBs and other emerging battery systems.","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"204 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145254956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of solidification rates on precipitation behavior of nano-particles and precipitation strengthening of ZA81M alloy","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.08.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2025.08.030","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, the solidification behavior and precipitation strengthening of Mg–8Zn–1Al–0.5Cu–0.5Mn (wt%, ZA81M) alloy solidified with different cooli…","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145254955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the bond strength and fracture mechanisms of cold-sprayed zinc coating on AZ91 magnesium substrate via a combined experimental and computational approach","authors":"Tanvi Ajantiwalay, Lei Li, James V. Haag IV, Sridhar Niverty, Rajib Kalsar, Arun Devaraj, Ayoub Soulami, Vineet V. Joshi","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.08.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2025.08.027","url":null,"abstract":"Magnesium (Mg) alloys are ideal candidates for automotive applications due to their high strength to weight ratio, castability, recyclability etc., however, they lack corrosion and oxidation resistance. Solid-state deposition techniques, such as cold spray, have been demonstrated to enhance their corrosion resistance as it relies on the severe plastic deformation of powder particles upon impact with the substrate to form a metallurgical bond with the substrate and within the coating. At cold sprayed interfaces, a heterogeneous microstructure is formed that includes some porosity, oxides and intermetallics which can significantly affect coating performance. Thus, establishing a direct correlation between the interface microstructure and its properties can aid in designing optimal cold spray parameters. In this study, we investigated the microstructure and mechanical properties of a zinc (Zn) coating deposited on a high pressure die cast (HPDC) AZ91 Mg substrate via high resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy, in situ micro-tensile testing, and finite element method (FEM) modeling. Micro-tensile pillars fabricated using the plasma focused ion beam (PFIB) successfully isolates the coating-substrate interface within the gauge length. The average bond strength of Zn-Mg interface was determined to be ∼140 MPa with failure occurring partially at the interface and mostly into the coatings. A detailed microstructural characterization revealed evidence of a strong metallurgical bonding at the Zn-Mg interface and formation of the C14 MgZn₂ laves phase interlayer resulting in a mixed mode of fracture during the micro-tensile experiments. FEM modeling reveals the stress distribution along the interfaces and suggests that a MgZn₂ layer thickness between 200–400 nm is optimum to increase the bond strength and minimize the triaxiality. Such a site-specific interfacial analysis with correlative computational modeling provides crucial insight into the overall performance of cold spray interfaces.","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145216020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grain orientation design via gradient strain path for enhanced strength-ductility synergy in AZ31 Magnesium alloy sheets","authors":"Qingshan Yang, Guanglin Liu, Hongwei Yan, Dan Zhang, Jianyue Zhang, Ruibo Du, Liyang Yue","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.08.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2025.08.028","url":null,"abstract":"The room-temperature ductility of magnesium (Mg) alloys is fundamentally limited by preferential basal slip activation—a challenge directly addressable through strategic grain orientation tailoring. In this study, gradient compressive strain paths are utilized through a 25° inclined die to tailor the crystallographic textures of AZ31 sheets. Precisely controlled deformation induces a triaxial stress state that rotates basal-oriented grains into gradient {10–12} twin-dominated configurations, while concurrently generating gradient geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs). This microstructural duality synergistically activates pyramidal 〈<em>c</em> + <em>a</em>〉 slip systems, demonstrated by Schmid factor (SF) elevation from 0.12 to 0.38, and triggers the hetero-deformation-induced (HDI) strengthening mechanism. The engineered sheets achieve 422 MPa ultimate tensile strength (UTS) with 32.7% elongation (EL), representing 13% and 76% enhancements over conventional counterparts. Twin-mediated strain delocalization enables uniform thickness deformation, culminating in a record 7.7 mm limiting dome height at room temperature. These results indicate that grain orientation design is a critical pathway to transcend magnesium's intrinsic deformation constraints.","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145188935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of heterostructure composition by regulating lamellar LPSO phase and the related strengthening mechanism in the Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr alloy","authors":"Shuangwu Xia, Ping Li, Junfu Dong, Tianle Wang, Liangwei Dai, Kemin Xue","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.08.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2025.08.007","url":null,"abstract":"The heterostructure preparation in Mg-rare earth (RE) alloy has attracted much attention due to the excellent enhancement of strength and ductility. However, the effect of heterostructure composition on mechanical properties in Mg-RE alloy is still not clear. In this work, three types of heterostructures with different composition induced by lamellar 14H long period stacking ordered (LPSO) phase were achieved in the Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr alloys after cyclic extrusion and compression (CEC). The heterostructure was mainly composed of dynamic recrystallization (DRX) grains, deformed coarse grains, multiscale LPSO phase (blocky, granular, lamellar LPSO phase). The strength and ductility of Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr alloy with heterostructure were simultaneously improved. The DRX behavior during CEC process was largely affected by the lamellar LPSO phase. The lamellar LPSO with large spacing (∼92 nm) and low thickness (∼13.46 nm) is easy to occur kinking behavior and the zigzag kinking area can serve as nucleation sites to promote DRX behavior. While the lamellar LPSO phase with high thickness (∼23.41 nm) and similar spacing (∼82 nm) was ruptured into granular LPSO phase and thus increase the volume fraction of granular LPSO phase, which made a great contribution to DRX behavior by particle stimulated nucleation. The main deformation mechanism of solution treatment + furnace cooling (SF) sample during CEC process is dominated by the multiple slips composed of basal slips, prismatic slips and pyramidal slips. For the solution treatment + air cooling (SA) sample and solution treatment + ageing treatment (ST) sample, the activation of basal slips is the critical deformation mechanism. The main contribution to yield strength is from the grain boundary, dislocation and hetero-deformation induced (HDI) strengthening. Moreover, the HDI strengthening in the SF and SA sample after CEC deformation is much larger than that of ST sample due to the distinct heterostructure composition.","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145153621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative study of wear behavior of magnesium matrix composite reinforced with silicon carbide particles and whiskers before and after extrusion","authors":"Morteza Tayebi, Ali Reza Eivani, Mosab Kaseem, Maryam Mehdizade, Hamid Reza Jafarian","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.08.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2025.08.019","url":null,"abstract":"In the current study the wear behavior of the ZK60/SiC composites reinforced by particles and whiskers in both as-cast and extruded conditions was examined. Furthermore, the wear behavior of the extruded samples along the extrusion direction and perpendicular to the extrusion direction was studied. The wear tests were performed at temperatures of 100, 200, and 300 °C under loads of 10, 20, and 30 N. The results showed that the whisker-reinforced sample (5.8 × 10^–4 g/[N.m]) had higher wear resistance than the particle-reinforced sample (1.3 × 10^–3 g/[N.m]). The lowest wear rate was observed for the extruded sample in the extrusion direction (3.53 × 10⁻⁴ g/[N.m]). It was also found that the wear rate increased by ∼20 % with increasing temperature, but in the ZK60/SiC_w sample, dynamic precipitation increased the wear resistance. The coefficient of friction was also found to increase with rising temperature, showing an increase of approximately 12.5 % at a 10 N load and 20 % at a 30 N load. Examination of the worn surfaces by scanning electron microscopy showed that the as-cast ZK60 alloy at 100 °C had the oxidative-abrasive as the dominant mechanism. It was found that by extruding the sample, the strength of the sample increased and the mechanism changed to adhesive wear. In the ZK60/SiC_p composite, the viscoplastic wear mechanism was dominant. Although in the extruded sample the dominant mechanism changed to plastic deformation. As temperature increases, the viscoplastic wear mechanism became dominant again. In the as-cast ZK60/SiC_w composite, the abrasive wear mechanism changed to delamination with increasing temperature. By extruding the sample, the dominant mechanism changed to adhesive wear. Finally, dynamic precipitation induced by temperature caused an increase in the wear resistance.","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145140626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crystallographic slips and twinning activity in AZ31 magnesium alloy during different modes of deformation on the basis of diffraction experiment and modelling","authors":"A. Ludwik, M. Wroński, P. Kot, A. Baczmański, S. Wroński, K. Wierzbanowski, G. Farkas, K. Máthis","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.08.035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2025.08.035","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the plastic deformation behaviour of the AZ31 magnesium alloy under various uniaxial loading conditions using in-situ neutron diffraction, the crystallite group method (CGM), and crystal plasticity modelling. A key novelty of this work is the direct, model independent determination of resolved shear stress (RSS) values for individual slip and twinning systems, as well as their critical values (CRSS), derived from lattice strains in grains with preferred orientations. The experiment was extended beyond the conventional loading paths along the normal direction (ND) and rolling direction (RD) to include compression at angles of 30° and 60° from the ND (referred to as NDC30 and NDC60 tests), which had not been investigated in previous studies. Notably, the NDC30 test, combined with diffraction measurements, was specifically designed to activate basal slip in the majority of grains while minimizing twinning, enabling clear identification of this slip system and accurate determination of its CRSS.For the first time, hardening parameters were determined by comparing the model predicted values of RSS with those obtained from diffraction measurements for each active system. These data, together with the results of macroscopic tests, were used to calibrate an elastic-plastic self-consistent (EPSC) model, which accurately reproduced stress partitioning under applied load, texture evolution, and twin activity. The integrated methodology enhances the reliability of CRSS input and improves the modelling of anisotropic plasticity in magnesium alloys by tuning intergranular interactions based on a modified Eshelby inclusion approach.","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"194 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145134517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modification of texture in AZ31 magnesium alloy via cold pre-upsetting alternating forward extrusion","authors":"Shun Luo, Feng Li, Yuan Qi Li, Hai Bo Wang, Jia Yang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.08.033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2025.08.033","url":null,"abstract":"Prefabricated twinning represents an effective strategy for optimizing the microstructure of extruded forming components and facilitating changes in texture. The study examines the incorporation of [10–12] twins into an AZ31 magnesium alloy billet via cold pre-upsetting deformation before alternating forward extrusion (CUAFE). The experimental results indicate that the initial presence of [10–12] twins is advantageous for the development of [10–10] and [<span><span>[11]</span></span>, <span><span>[12]</span></span>, <span><span>[13]</span></span>, <span><span>[14]</span></span>, <span><span>[15]</span></span>, <span><span>[16]</span></span>, <span><span>[17]</span></span>, <span><span>[18]</span></span>, <span><span>[19]</span></span>, <span><span>[20]</span></span>] texture components during the extrusion process. In addition, different DRX mechanisms have different influences on the evolution of basal texture. The CDRX grains tend to preferentially select the [<span><span>[11]</span></span>, <span><span>[12]</span></span>, <span><span>[13]</span></span>, <span><span>[14]</span></span>, <span><span>[15]</span></span>, <span><span>[16]</span></span>, <span><span>[17]</span></span>, <span><span>[18]</span></span>, <span><span>[19]</span></span>, <span><span>[20]</span></span>] texture orientation, weakening the [10–10] texture and enhancing the [<span><span>[11]</span></span>, <span><span>[12]</span></span>, <span><span>[13]</span></span>, <span><span>[14]</span></span>, <span><span>[15]</span></span>, <span><span>[16]</span></span>, <span><span>[17]</span></span>, <span><span>[18]</span></span>, <span><span>[19]</span></span>, <span><span>[20]</span></span>] texture. However, most DDRX grains deviate significantly from the orientation of their surrounding original grain and do not have a preferred orientation. This is reflected in the mechanical properties of the CUAFE part. The tensile strength is 323.5 MPa, while the elongation is as high as 20.1%.","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145127779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of multiscale heterostructures and comprehensive properties improvement in the large thickness ratio Ti/Al/Mg clad plates under heterothermal rolling","authors":"Junxin Wei, Jianchao Han, Yi Jia, Tao Wang, Qingxue Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.08.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2025.08.026","url":null,"abstract":"The preparation process of metal clad plates with large thickness ratios (&gt;20) requires ensuring the substrate thickness while also achieving good mechanical properties, a challenge that traditional rolling processes struggle to meet. In this study, TA1/1060/AZ31 clad plates with large thickness ratios (&gt;40) and engineered heterostructures were fabricated via heterothermal rolling, achieving synergistic enhancements in bonding strength and tensile properties. This is attributed to localized interfacial strain concentration induced by the temperature gradient, and sustained strain hardening within the multiscale heterostructured magnesium matrix. The study reveals that the temperature gradient variation in the normal direction of the matrix causes considerable gradation in its deformation mechanisms and microstructure, resulting in diverse heterostructures. In the hot roller zone, high temperatures and large strains promoted the formation of low-angle grain boundaries (LAGBs) with distinct distribution patterns. In contrast, deformation in the cold roller zone was stress-dominated, where the competition between tensile twins and 〈c+a〉 slip changed at low temperatures. Furthermore, LAGB evolution and 〈c+a〉 slip activity differences caused zone-specific variations in discontinuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX), affecting dislocation density and grain refinement. The higher CDRX degree in the cold roller zone (soft domain) delayed failure in the hot roller zone (hard domain), while heterogeneities in grain size and texture enhanced strain hardening. The dense presence of 〈c+a〉 dislocations within grains further confirmed the continuous strain hardening behavior. This study provides new insights for the fabrication of metal clad plates with large thickness ratios and the development of novel heterostructures.","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145127780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}