Jichuan Fan, Hong Yang, Wenlong Xie, Gong Chen, Yunxuan Zhou, Kaihong Zheng, Jun Xu, Jun Tan, Xianhua Chen, Fusheng Pan
{"title":"Clarifying interfacial microstructures of Ti particle reinforced Mg-Zn-Mn composites to achieve good strength-ductility synergy","authors":"Jichuan Fan, Hong Yang, Wenlong Xie, Gong Chen, Yunxuan Zhou, Kaihong Zheng, Jun Xu, Jun Tan, Xianhua Chen, Fusheng Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.03.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2025.03.030","url":null,"abstract":"In the field of particle reinforced magnesium (Mg) matrix composites (MMCs), the interfacial microstructures between reinforcements and Mg matrix are a subject of interest for most researchers. In this work, the 2 wt.% Ti particle reinforced Mg-6 Zn alloy composites with different contents (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 wt.%) of Mn were prepared using semi-solid stirring assisted ultrasonic treatment followed by hot extrusion. With the increment of Mn element, the characteristics of mixed-grain structure became obvious and the DRX was inhibited. Meanwhile, the interfacial product gradually changed from MgZn<sub>2</sub> to Mn<sub>2</sub>Ti. The tensile test demonstrated that the 2Ti/Mg-6Zn-1.5Mn composite exhibited an excellent strength-ductility synergy, achieving the highest yield stress (YS), ultimate tensile stress (UTS) of 239 MPa, 366 MPa, respectively, along with a notable elongation (El.) of 20.6%. The increased strength is mainly due to the grain refinement, the precipitation strengthening, the HDI strengthening and the strong interfacial bonding including the tightly Ti/Mn<sub>2</sub>Ti bonding and the Mn<sub>2</sub>Ti/Mg coherent orientation relationship. The ideal El. is the result of fine/coarse bimodal structure and the proper interfacial reaction, which can reduce the occurrence of cracks.","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143878023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design of 8HQ@ZIF-8/PDA smart nanocontainers via host-guest nanoconfinement and surface self-assembly for enhanced corrosion protection and self-healing of magnesium alloy epoxy composite coatings","authors":"Xiaomeng Yu, Yuejun Ouyang, Jilan Long, Dan Xu, Guangming Liang, Zhiyuan Feng, Dongmei Pu, Qiwen Yong, Zhi-Hui Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.04.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2025.04.006","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional nanoparticles incorporated into epoxy coatings suffer from poor compatibility and insufficient corrosion improvement, hindering their practical applications. A dual-strategy approach integrating in-situ host–guest nanoconfinement and surface self-assembly was devised to fabricate 8HQ@ZIF-8/PDA smart nanocontainers. The guest 8-hydroxyquinoline (8HQ) was encapsulated within the zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) host, leveraging nanoconfinement effects. A bioinspired polydopamine (PDA) layer was then self-assembled on the 8HQ@ZIF-8 surface through dopamine oxidative self-polymerization, resulting in a robust nanocontainer architecture. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations verify that the molecular interactions between the PDA and the ZIF-8 surface was the chemical adsorption. The resultant 8HQ@ZIF-8/PDA retained the rhombic dodecahedral morphology and crystallinity of ZIF-8, demonstrating controlled pH-responsive release behavior. When incorporated into an epoxy (EP) resin matrix on magnesium alloy, the 8HQ@ZIF-8/PDA/EP smart composite coatings exhibited outstanding interfacial compatibility and long-term stability, achieving a low-frequency impedance (|<em>Z</em>|₀.₀₁<sub>Hz</sub>) of 2.49 × 10⁷ Ω cm², a maximum phase angle of 82.8°, and a breakpoint frequency (<em>f</em><sub>b</sub>) of 63.34 Hz after 50 days of immersion in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. These findings highlight the exceptional self-healing and corrosion-resistant properties of the 8HQ@ZIF-8/PDA/EP smart composite coatings, underscoring its potential for protecting magnesium alloys in aggressive environments.","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143876464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Physical and chemical interfacial engineering of mg anodes for rechargeable magnesium batteries","authors":"Hyungjin Lee, Jangwook Pyun, Inkyoung Han, Haewon Kim, Seunghyeop Baek, Yeonu Lee, Jihun Roh, Doron Aurbach, Seung-Tae Hong, Munseok S. Chae","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.03.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2025.03.025","url":null,"abstract":"Rechargeable magnesium batteries are promising alternatives to traditional lithium batteries because of the high abundance of Mg compounds in earth crust, their low toxicity, and possible favorable properties as electrodes’ material. However, Mg metal anodes face several challenges, notably the natively existence of an inactive oxide layer on their surfaces, which reduces their effectiveness. Additionally, interactions of Mg electrodes with electrolyte solutions’ components can lead to the formation of insulating surface layers, that can fully block them for ions transport. This review addresses these issues by focusing on surface treatments strategies to enhance electrochemical performance of Mg anodes. It highlights chemical and physical modification techniques to prevent oxidation and inactive-layers formation, as well as their practical implications for MIBs. We also examined the impact of Mg anodes’ surface engineering on their electrochemical reversibility and cycling efficiency. Finally, future research directions to improve the performance and commercial viability of magnesium anodes and advance development of high-capacity, safe, and cost-effective energy storage systems based on magnesium electrochemistry are discussed.","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143876465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Predicting grain boundary segregation in magnesium alloys: An atomistically informed machine learning approach","authors":"Zhuocheng Xie, Achraf Atila, Julien Guénolé, Sandra Korte-Kerzel, Talal Al-Samman, Ulrich Kerzel","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.03.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2025.03.021","url":null,"abstract":"Grain boundary (GB) segregation substantially influences the mechanical properties and performance of magnesium (Mg). Atomic-scale modeling, typically using ab-initio or semi-empirical approaches, has mainly focused on GB segregation at highly symmetric GBs in Mg alloys, often failing to capture the diversity of local atomic environments and segregation energies, resulting in inaccurate structure-property predictions. This study employs atomistic simulations and machine learning models to systematically investigate the segregation behavior of common solute elements in polycrystalline Mg at both 0 K and finite temperatures. The machine learning models accurately predict segregation thermodynamics by incorporating energetic and structural descriptors. We found that segregation energy and vibrational free energy follow skew-normal distributions, with hydrostatic stress, an indicator of excess free volume, emerging as an important factor influencing segregation tendency. The local atomic environment’s flexibility, quantified by flexibility volume, is also crucial in predicting GB segregation. Comparing the grain boundary solute concentrations calculated via the Langmuir-McLean isotherm with experimental data, we identified a pronounced segregation tendency for Nd, highlighting its potential for GB engineering in Mg alloys. This work demonstrates the powerful synergy of atomistic simulations and machine learning, paving the way for designing advanced lightweight Mg alloys with tailored properties.","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143866199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sumi Jo, Tae-Hoon Kim, Cheol-Woong Yang, Young Min Kim
{"title":"The key role of Zn in enhancing precipitation kinetics and refinement of Mg₁₇Al₁₂ and Mg₂Sn phases through trace Na additions","authors":"Sumi Jo, Tae-Hoon Kim, Cheol-Woong Yang, Young Min Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.03.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2025.03.024","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates zinc's (Zn) key role in enhancing the precipitation kinetics and refinement of Mg₁₇Al₁₂ and Mg₂Sn phases in magnesium alloys through trace sodium (Na) additions. Magnesium alloys with varying compositions of aluminum (Al), tin (Sn), Zn, and Na were prepared and aged at 453 K. Microstructural analyses were conducted using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), and atom probe tomography (APT). Trace additions of Na significantly enhanced the precipitation responses of both Mg₁₇Al₁₂ and Mg₂Sn phases. When Zn was co-added with Na, as in the ATZ641N3 alloy (Mg–6Al–4Sn–1Zn–0.3Na), there was a pronounced refinement in precipitate morphology and acceleration of precipitation kinetics. The ATZ641N3 alloy achieved a peak hardness of 103 Hv at 36 hours, compared to 91 Hv at 72 hours for the ATZ641 alloy without Na. The simultaneous addition of Zn and Na led to the formation of Sn–Na–Zn particles that acted as effective nucleation sites for Mg₂Sn, promoting aluminum partitioning and accelerating the precipitation of Mg₁₇Al₁₂ through Al-rich regions. Additionally, Zn and Na co-segregated within the Mg₁₇Al₁₂ phase, reducing misfit strain caused by Zn substitution and improving precipitate stability and refinement. These findings highlight Zn's critical role, alongside trace Na additions, in refining and accelerating the precipitation of Mg₁₇Al₁₂ and Mg₂Sn phases, thereby enhancing the age-hardening response of magnesium alloys.","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143862278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jee Eun Jang, Bo Hyun Park, Soo-Hyun Joo, Sung Hyuk Park
{"title":"Effects of composition ratio of TiCu precursor on dealloying behavior in molten Mg and microstructural characteristics of Mg-Ti composites","authors":"Jee Eun Jang, Bo Hyun Park, Soo-Hyun Joo, Sung Hyuk Park","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.04.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2025.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"Metal composites produced through the liquid metal dealloying (LMD) process feature an advanced matrix-matrix composite structure, where two metallic materials form a continuous, three-dimensional interconnected network. This study investigates the effects of TiCu precursor compositions on dealloying behavior and microstructural evolution in liquid Mg, using Ti<sub>50</sub>Cu<sub>50</sub> and Ti<sub>30</sub>Cu<sub>70</sub> precursors. The initial microstructure of the precursor significantly influences dealloying kinetics and phase transitions. The single-phase Ti<sub>50</sub>Cu<sub>50</sub> precursor exhibits a faster initial dealloying rate due to its homogeneous structure, yet complete dealloying requires 90 min. In contrast, the dual-phase Ti<sub>30</sub>Cu<sub>70</sub> precursor achieves complete dealloying in 30 min, demonstrating the impact of a higher Cu concentration on accelerating the process kinetics. Additionally, the study explores the coarsening behavior and hardness variations during the LMD process, along with the microstructural characteristics of Mg-Ti composites fabricated from these two precursors. The findings highlight the critical role of precursor composition in tailoring the microstructure and properties of Mg-Ti composites produced through the LMD process, demonstraing its potential for advanced composite material manufacturing.","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143866200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prince Gollapalli, Mridul Pant, A.R. Anil Chandra, M.K. Surappa
{"title":"On the microstructural, mechanical, damping, wear properties of magnesium alloy AZ91-3 vol. % SiCP-3 vol. % fly ash hybrid composite and property correlation thereof","authors":"Prince Gollapalli, Mridul Pant, A.R. Anil Chandra, M.K. Surappa","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.03.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2025.03.016","url":null,"abstract":"A combination of hard (SiC<sub>P</sub>) and soft (fly ash) particulate reinforcements could be a strategy to enhance combination of multiple properties of Magnesium and its alloys which otherwise suffer from low stiffness, low wear resistance, and many other critical properties. However, at present a comprehensive and robust map correlating different properties in particle-reinforced composites is much lacking. In this work, an industrial grade AZ91 magnesium alloy reinforced with hard SiC and soft fly ash particles (with 3 vol. % each), has been prepared using stir casting followed by hot extrusion at 325 <span><span style=\"\"></span><span data-mathml='<math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><msup is=\"true\"><mrow is=\"true\" /><mo is=\"true\">&#x2218;</mo></msup></math>' role=\"presentation\" style=\"font-size: 90%; display: inline-block; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"1.855ex\" role=\"img\" style=\"vertical-align: -0.12ex;\" viewbox=\"0 -747.2 453.9 798.9\" width=\"1.054ex\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"0\" transform=\"matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)\"><g is=\"true\"><g is=\"true\"></g><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(0,362)\"><use transform=\"scale(0.707)\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-2218\"></use></g></g></g></svg><span role=\"presentation\"><math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><msup is=\"true\"><mrow is=\"true\"></mrow><mo is=\"true\">∘</mo></msup></math></span></span><script type=\"math/mml\"><math><msup is=\"true\"><mrow is=\"true\"></mrow><mo is=\"true\">∘</mo></msup></math></script></span>C with a ratio of 21.5. Microstructure of the hybrid composite was characterized using optical and scanning electron microscopes. The composite exhibited a reduction in average grain size from 13.6 to 7.1 µm, concomitantly an increase in Vickers hardness from 73 to 111 H<sub>V</sub>. The tension-compression yield asymmetry ratios of the unreinforced alloy and hybrid composite were 1.165 and 0.976, respectively indicating higher yield strength for the composite under compressive load. The composite exhibited 76% improvement in damping capacity under time sweep mode, and 28% improvement at 423 K under temperature sweep mode. The tribological characteristics of the composite under dry sliding conditions at sliding speeds and loads in the range of 0.5 to 1.5 m s<sup>-1</sup> and 10 to 30 N, respectively showed higher wear resistance than the unreinforced alloy. The composite showed 23% improvement in sliding wear resistance at a load of 20 N and a speed of 1 m s<sup>-1</sup>. Finally, efforts have been made to understand the influence of one property on the other by developing statistical property correlation maps from the properties obtained in this study and from the literature. These maps are expected to help in the design of hybrid Metal Matrix Composites for a variety of targeted applications in different sectors.","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143857918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haotian Guan, Jiang Liu, Qian Li, Yangfan Lu, Fusheng Pan
{"title":"Chemically stable TMOx@Ti-MgO (TM = Mn and Cu) catalyst enhanced De/hydrogenation kinetics of Mg/MgH2","authors":"Haotian Guan, Jiang Liu, Qian Li, Yangfan Lu, Fusheng Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.02.032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2025.02.032","url":null,"abstract":"Ti-based catalysts have been identified to be efficient in enhancing hydrogenation and dehydrogenation (de/hydrogenation) kinetics of Mg/MgH<sub>2</sub>. However, their catalytic activity is constrained by the strong Ti‒H bond and chemical instability. Herein, we demonstrate that <em>TM</em>O<em><sub>x</sub></em>@Ti-MgO (<em>TM</em> = Mn and Cu) composite catalysts can simultaneously enhance hydrogen dissociation, diffusion and nucleation processes. MgH<sub>2</sub> catalyzed by <em>TM</em>O<em><sub>x</sub></em>@Ti-MgO released 6.03−6.14 wt. % H<sub>2</sub> within 5 min at 280 °C and 0.89−1.12 wt. % H<sub>2</sub> within 60 min at 180 °C. The partially oxidized Ti<sup>2+</sup> and Ti<sup>3+</sup> states are stabilized in MgO lattice, accelerating hydrogen adsorption, dissociation and diffusion processes. The <em>TM</em>O<em><sub>x</sub></em>, additionally, serve as the active center for nucleation, further improving de/hydrogenation reactions. The <em>TM</em>O<em><sub>x</sub></em>@Ti-MgO catalysts are characterized by high chemical stability, realizing improved cycle properties. These findings suggest a new approach to achieving controllable Catalyst-Hydrogen bond strengths and optimizing performance in de/hydrogenation reactions.","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143849511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Theoretical and experimental study of amorphization and lattice transformation of pure magnesium by ultra-precision cutting method","authors":"Chunlei He, Shuqi Wang, Siyu Xia, Chengzu Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.03.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2025.03.023","url":null,"abstract":"Pure magnesium is a very promising material in the fields of biomedical and engineering. Obtaining pure magnesium with superior mechanical properties has consistently been a significant challenge in the area of materials science. This study focuses on investigating the processing method and strengthening mechanism of pure magnesium by ultra-precision cutting. The research results show that the pure magnesium grains were significantly refined after ultra-precision cutting. The average grain size reduced from ∼24 µm to nanometers, and the average nano-hardness increased from 1.02 GPa to 2.82 GPa. Amorphous pure magnesium structure and body-centered cubic (BCC) lattice pure magnesium were reported. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation confirmed that the high shear strain and hydrostatic pressure during ultra-precision cutting was the origin of amorphization and lattice transformation. The amorphous phase and a significant number of long-period stacking-ordered (LPSO) phases inside the pure magnesium were responsible for the high hardness after ultra-precision cutting.","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143849444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}