Journal of King Saud University - Science最新文献

{"title":"Therapeutic effect of Berberis vulgaris fruit extract on histopathological changes and oxidative stress markers of ovarian ischemia and reperfusion injury in rats","authors":"Serdar Yigit ,&nbsp;Isa Yesilyurt ,&nbsp;Soner Bitiktas ,&nbsp;Pınar Aksu Kilicle ,&nbsp;Lale Duysak ,&nbsp;Muhammed Yayla ,&nbsp;Erdem Toktay ,&nbsp;Nilnur Eyerci ,&nbsp;Seyit Ali Bingol ,&nbsp;Arzu Gezer ,&nbsp;Fatma Necmiye Kaci ,&nbsp;Ergin Taskin ,&nbsp;Gül Esma Akdogan ,&nbsp;Hasan Cilgin ,&nbsp;Ali Alper Kahraman","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103578","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103578","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate the possible protective effect of berberine, the active compound of <em>Berberis vulgaris</em> plant extract, which has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, in an ovarian ischemia–reperfusion model by utilizing molecular, biochemical, and histopathological methods.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this experimental study, 42 adolescent female Sprague Dawley rats (6 weeks old) were divided into 7 equal groups. Under anesthesia, ischemia was induced by ligating the bilateral adnexal tissues, and after 3 h of ischemia, reperfusion was achieved by removing the adnexal ligation. <em>Berberis vulgaris</em> extract was administered by oral gavage 1 h after ischemia for the ischemia groups and 1 h before reperfusion for the ischemia + reperfusion groups. After 3 h of reperfusion, the experiment was terminated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The administration of <em>Berberis vulgaris</em> extract decreased the hemorrhagic areas, reduced the number of TUNEL-positive cells, and decreased CYC1 immunoreactivity levels in histopathological analysis compared to the groups subjected to ischemia or ischemia + reperfusion without the plant extract. CAT, SOD, and GSH increased due to <em>Berberis vulgaris</em> administration while MDA levels decreased. <em>Berberis vulgaris</em> also downregulated <em>TNF-α</em> levels compared to the ischemia and ischemia + reperfusion groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div><em>Berberis vulgaris</em> extract may have a protective effect against ovarian ischemia–reperfusion injury. Further molecular studies are needed to clarify this protective effect.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 11","pages":"Article 103578"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143152549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological risk assessment and potential source of As, Cd, Co, and Ni in Al Qunfudhah seawater, Red Sea coast, Saudi Arabia","authors":"Khaled Al-Kahtany,&nbsp;Abdelbaset S. El-Sorogy,&nbsp;Talal Alharbi","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103560","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103560","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid economic expansion of the worldwide coastal settlements has resulted in the discharge of substantial amounts of heavy metals (HMs), posing a considerable risk to marine organisms. The present work aims to evaluate the HM contamination of seawater and determine their potential sources in Al Qunfudhah seawater, Red Sea coast utilizing contamination factor (CF), degree of contamination (<em>C</em>_d), modified contamination factor (m<em>C</em>_d), heavy metal pollution index (HPI), and multivariate analysis. A total of twenty-nine samples of surface seawater were gathered and the analysis of HMs was conducted using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The average concentration of dissolved HMs follows the following order: As (5.83 μg/L) ˃ Ni (0.990 μg/L) ˃ Co (0.168 μg/L) ˃ Cd (0.090 μg/L). The average concentrations of As, Co, Ni, and Cd were below the maximum admissible concentration (MAC) set by the World Health Organization (WHO), as well as the criterion continuous concentration (CCC) and criterion maximum concentration (CMC) set by the environmental protection agency. This suggests that the levels of these substances are within the acceptable limits for protecting aquatic life, both in the short-term and long-term exposures. The results of the analysis for CF, <em>C</em>_d, m<em>C</em>_d, and HPI suggested clean and uncontaminated seawater in most sites. Few individual samples obtained elevated values, which might be attributed to natural source, mostly from chemical weathering of rock forming minerals from the Arabian Shield, as well as agricultural and coastal activities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 11","pages":"Article 103560"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143152987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of tin oxide nanoparticles synthesized by discharging the non-thermal plasma jet in liquid and their application as an antibacterial agent","authors":"Omar O. Abdulhadi ,&nbsp;Hamsa A. Ali ,&nbsp;A.S. Obaid","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103569","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103569","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study reports the synthesis of tin oxide nanoparticles using a non-thermal plasma jet technique. Spectroscopic analysis (OES) of plasma was carried out at atmospheric pressure to measure the plasma parameters used in the synthesis of nanoparticles. SnO₂ NPs were synthesized at different durations (3 and 5 min) using a DC-high-voltage power source with a voltage of 13 kV.</div><div>X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that SnO₂ NPs, prepared in 3 min, are rutile tetragonal polycrystalline and have an average crystallite size of 12.45 nm. Field emission scanning electron (FE-SEM) images also show that the nanoparticles are spherical and homogenous, with an average nanostructure diameter of 22 to 58 nm for both (3 and 5 min) preparation times. UV–Vis spectroscopy showed peaks of surface plasmon resonance around 255–260 nm. The ICP-mass technique was used to evaluate nanoparticle concentrations, which were between 90–100 μg/ml. Zeta potential (ZP) measurements revealed that the particles are relatively stable colloids. The study shows that synthesized nanoparticles have exceptional antibacterial efficacy against <em>Escherichia coli</em> and <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> bacteria. These nanoparticles are low-cost, scalable, and can be synthesized using gas or liquid phases, enabling the synthesis of a wide range of nanoparticles suitable for various pathogenic bacterial types.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 11","pages":"Article 103569"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143153510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Laurus extract against cadmium-induced neurotoxicity in rats","authors":"Hanaa M. Hassan ,&nbsp;Hanaa S.S. Gazwi ,&nbsp;Inas Hussein Refaat ,&nbsp;Asmaa Hussein Zaki ,&nbsp;Marija Milošević ,&nbsp;Salim S. Al-Rejaie ,&nbsp;Mohamed Mohany ,&nbsp;Eman E. Yassien","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103488","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103488","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cadmium (Cd) is a hazardous heavy metal with widespread environmental presence, posing significant threats to human and animal health. This study investigates the neurotoxic effects of Cd exposure and explores the therapeutic efficacy of <em>Laurus nobilis</em> L. in counteracting these adverse effects. Cd exposure induces oxidative stress and neurotoxicity, leading to neuronal damage and histopathological alterations. <em>Laurus</em>, known for its antioxidant properties, is assessed for its potential in mitigating Cd-induced neurotoxicity through in vitro antioxidant assays, GC–MS analysis, HPLC profiling, and experimental animal models. Results demonstrate that <em>Laurus</em> ethanolic extract exhibits significant antioxidant activity, attributed to its phenolic and flavonoid constituents. GC–MS analysis reveals various bioactive compounds in the extract, including Hexadecanoic acid methyl ester and (Z)-13-Docosenamide, which posses neuroprotective properties. HPLC analysis identifies phenolic compounds such as ellagic acid and flavonoids like rutin and kaempferol in the extract. In vivo studies in rats exposed to Cd demonstrate that <em>Laurus</em> extract administration mitigates Cd-induced alterations in body and brain weight, hematological parameters, liver and kidney function, oxidative stress markers, and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity. Histopathological examination confirms the protective effects of <em>Laurus</em> against Cd-induced neuronal damage. The SOD model, validated with high resolution (2.05 Å) and strong R values (work: 0.192, free: 0.236, observed: 0.194), shows strong structural stability (C-score: 0.30). Docking studies reveal high binding affinities of kaempferol (−8.1 kcal/mol) and rutin (−8.7 kcal/mol) with SOD with kaempferol demonstrating superior solubility, lipophilicity, and drug-likenessSimulation analysis confirms the protein’s flexibility and adaptability, highlighting its therapeutic potential, especially with kaempferol. These findings suggest the therapeutic potential of <em>Laurus</em>. as a natural remedy for Cd-induced neurotoxicity, highlighting its antioxidant and neuroprotective properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 11","pages":"Article 103488"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142534690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morpho-physiological traits and stress indices reveal divergence in early-stage salt stress response in elite soybean germplasm","authors":"Muhammad Arif ,&nbsp;Haris Khurshid ,&nbsp;Malik Ashiq Rabbani ,&nbsp;Muhammad Jahanzaib ,&nbsp;Sahir Hameed Khattak ,&nbsp;Ihsan Ullah ,&nbsp;Mohammad Abul Farah ,&nbsp;Rattandeep Singh ,&nbsp;Luhua Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103522","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103522","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study assessed the salt stress response of seventy soybean genotypes by exposing seedlings to sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations of 0, 75, 100, and 125 mM. Salinity stress significantly reduced root length, shoot length, fresh and dry root/shoot weight, and root/shoot ratio. A total of 62 genotypes germinated at 125 mM, showing significant phenotypic variation in traits such as root length, shoot length, fresh shoot weight, and dry shoot weight. Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between most morpho-physiological traits, suggesting their interdependence. Eight salinity tolerance indices i.e., Fresh Weight Stress Tolerance Index (FWSI), Dry Weight Stress Tolerance Index (DWSI), Root Length Salinity Index (RLSI), Shoot Length Salinity Index (SLSI), Salinity Tolerance Index (STI), Salinity Susceptibility Index (SSI), Tolerance Index (TI), and Percent Reduction (PR) were calculated to assess genotypes response. Na⁺ concentration and antioxidant activities significantly increased under salt stress compared to the control. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, as well as the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as H₂O₂ and O₂⁻, were markedly higher under salt stress compared to the control. Hierarchical cluster analysis grouped genotypes into six clusters, with clusters V and VI comprising genotypes exhibiting higher salt tolerance based on high FWSI, DWSI, and STI values, and low PR, SSI, and TI values. Eight salinity tolerance indices, including Fresh Weight Stress Tolerance Index (FWSI), Dry Weight Stress Tolerance Index (DWSI), Root Length Salinity Index (RLSI), and Salinity Tolerance Index (STI), were used to evaluate the genotypes’ responses. The study revealed that the average FWSI value for all genotypes under treatments was 54.20 ± 12.93. The highest FWSI was recorded for the genotype Black (92.52), followed by NIBGE-224 (84.70) and NIBGE-183 (81.05). In contrast, Malakand-96 had the lowest FWSI (28.49), followed by SPS-10 (32.74) and SPS-08 (34.55). PGRA-91 had the highest STI (0.83), followed by SPS-9 (0.75) and NIBGE-115 (0.72), while NIBGE-335, SPS-24, and Malakand-96 had the lowest STI values. Positive correlations were observed between root length and shoot length (0.69**), shoot length and fresh shoot weight (0.63**), and other related traits. Overall, this study identified promising soybean genotypes with varying degrees of salt tolerance. These findings can be utilized in breeding programs to develop salt-tolerant soybean varieties for salinity-affected agricultural lands.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 11","pages":"Article 103522"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142658816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New quinazoline-N-4-fluorophenyl derivatives as potential anticancer agents: Discovery of a promising dual EGFR/VEGFR-2 inhibitor","authors":"Mohammed H. Geesi","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103518","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103518","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research is dedicated to synthesizing a new group of quinazoline-N-4-fluorophenyl <strong>4a–d</strong> structures and evaluating their anticancer efficacy across multiple cancer cell lines. The molecular design of these derivatives was based on the structural features required for dual inhibition of VEGFR-2 and EGFR. The new derivatives were structurally characterised by NMR analyses. Cytotoxicity was assessed in this study against various cancerous cell strains. Among these, the top three products were further assessed for their capacity to block the enzymatic activity of (VEGFR-2) and (EGFR). Product <strong>4b</strong>, in particular, exhibited a strong cytotoxic profile, with IC₅₀ values of 68.2 ± 1.54 nM against EGFR and 189 ± 5.66 nM against VEGFR-2. Molecular docking studies demonstrated that compound <strong>4b</strong> effectively interacts with the active sites of both VEGFR-2 and EGFR, potentially influencing its action pathway as a powerful inhibitor.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 11","pages":"Article 103518"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142658917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Purification, characterization and molecular docking studies of analogous alpha amylase inhibitor compounds","authors":"Lovepreet Kaur ,&nbsp;Rattandeep Singh ,&nbsp;Ashish Suttee ,&nbsp;Mohammad Raish","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103521","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103521","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>A large number of protein inhibitors are found in higher plants, cereals and legumes. These inhibitors are helpful in the prevention as well as medical treatment of metabolic syndromes such as type 2 diabetes. Basically, the diabetes mellitus is a chronic disorder that occurs either due to inadequate insulin secretions or when body fails to utilize the produced insulin. The alpha amylase inhibitors are termed as starch blockers. They catalyze the hydrolysis of α-(1,4)-D-glycosidic linkages of starch and other glucose polymer. They play a significant role in inhibition of the activity of salivary and pancreatic amylase in vitro and in vivo.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>The present study was based on the purification, characterization and molecular docking studies of the alpha amylase inhibitor isolated from the kidney bean sample. The seed sample was collected from G.B. Pant Nagar University. The crude extract was prepared, the in-vitro studies and heat stability were determined. Following it, purification was carried out using ammonium sulphate precipitation and size exclusion chromatography was done. Later, characterization and molecular docking studies of the purified sample was done after obtaining GC–MS results.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>The in-vitro analysis was done and noted that the inhibitory activity was 96.5 ± 0.84 % post size exclusion chromatography. The molecular weight was about 54 kDa. The molecular docking studies revealed that there were interactions between the ligand molecules (the constituents that were selected from the GC–MS chromatogram peaks based on the height and area) and the human pancreatic alpha amylase (1HNY). The hydrogen bonding as affinity binding capacity was also been observed in each of the ligand–protein interaction.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>From the tests, it has been elucidated that the alpha amylase inhibitor isolated from the sample has a great potential to serve as an anti-diabetic drug. However, in order to check the potential effects and to explore the optimization and development of the anti-diabetic drug the in-vivo studies can also be done further.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 11","pages":"Article 103521"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Earthquake risk assessment for Kuwait City, Kuwait","authors":"Abd el-aziz Khairy Abd el-aal ,&nbsp;Farah Al-Jeri ,&nbsp;Abdullah Al-Enezi ,&nbsp;Shaimaa Ismail Mostafa","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103514","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103514","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Estimating the expected losses from a seismic disaster, whether economic or human is considered one of the most important priorities for urban development in countries, especially those with continually expanding urban areas, high-rise buildings, and skyscraper construction as is the case in Kuwait City. It is necessary to conduct an earthquake risk assessment study due to Kuwait’s geographical location which makes it close to the most important global seismic belt, the Zagros Seismic Belt, and its proximity to local seismic sources. To conduct such a study, three inputs including seismic hazard, exposure, and vulnerability modules were incorporated, considering the inputs’ uncertainty. To assess the seismic hazard module, a unified earthquake catalog was compiled, a seismotectonic model of 27 seismic sources was designed, the recurrence parameters of seismicity and the strongest predictable earthquake were calculated for each source, and the unified hazard spectrums were obtained. Earthquake scenarios were generated to create a seismic hazard module. The exposure module is performed using data from the Kuwaiti Public Authority for Civil Information including coordinates of 33,066 facilities and buildings, area, height, shape, and type of buildings, the materials used in their construction, their occupancy, and replacement cost. The vulnerability module was implemented using mean damage ratio curves by choosing the most appropriate equations that describe the condition of buildings in Kuwait, the vast majority of which are modern multi-story concrete buildings. The final results including the economic losses of the exposures were calculated using probabilistic metrics (predicted annual losses, loss exceedance curve, and probable maximum loss). The results showed that the annual average loss is $12,793,319.52 and that seismic source No.27 to the north of Kuwait has a significant value to the losses, but the frequent occurrence of losses from seismic source No.15 to the east of Kuwait, in the Zagros region, gave the most danger to Kuwait. Seismic risk results can be used to create emergency response scenarios and risk mitigation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 11","pages":"Article 103514"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel drug delivery to the brain for neurodegenerative disorder treatment using carbon nanotubes","authors":"Mohammed Al-zharani ,&nbsp;Md Saquib Hasnain ,&nbsp;Mohammed S. Al-Eissa ,&nbsp;Reem A. Alqahtani","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103513","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103513","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Neurodegenerative disorders pose a significant challenge in drug delivery because of the substantial obstacle presented by the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Conventional therapeutic agents frequently encounter constraints in efficiently penetrating the brain, thus requiring inventive delivery strategies. This review explores the potential aspects of the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as an advanced drug delivery system for treating neurodegenerative disorders. CNTs, with their distinctive structural and physicochemical characteristics, present an intriguing framework for addressing challenges related to drug delivery across the BBB. The review emphasizes the functionalization of CNTs, utilizing diverse chemical modification techniques to improve their biocompatibility and effectiveness as drug carriers. The variations have a significant effect on crucial factors related to the growth of neurons.</div><div>Moreover, the review emphasizes the therapeutic ability of CNTs in treating neurodegenerative disorders. By introducing purified CNT substrates, an increase in the growth of dendrites and improved adhesion of hippocampal neurons was reported. This has led to significant progress in the processing of neuronal signals and the development of neural circuits. Finally, this review offers in-depth understanding of the innovative and enhanced nano-scaffolds provided by CNTs for transporting therapeutic substances to the brain. This offers potential for more efficient treatments for neurodegenerative disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 11","pages":"Article 103513"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms of attachment and distribution of Nitzschia and Fragilaria at different flow rates","authors":"Kai Shen ,&nbsp;Yi Li ,&nbsp;Zhanyong Zhao ,&nbsp;Weirong Li ,&nbsp;Zhihui Liu ,&nbsp;Shukhrat Giyasov ,&nbsp;Sapar Bayarmagnai ,&nbsp;Zhaoyang Lv ,&nbsp;Fei Gao ,&nbsp;Wenqing Shi ,&nbsp;Chao Lu ,&nbsp;Di Tie","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103566","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103566","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Algae in rivers will accumulate on the surface of bridges and other structures in water with the increase of time, which will pollute the water environment and cause serious corrosion on the surface of structures. Extensive literature studies have shown that flow rate as the basic hydrodynamic condition significantly affects the growth and aggregation of algae, yet how different flow rate influences the aggregation and distribution of attached algae is relatively unexplored. In this work, used microscopic observation and high-throughput sequencing combined with a field hanging test to compare the mechanism of attachment and distribution of Nitzschia and Fragilaria at the flow rates of 0.794 m/s and 0.538 m/s, respectively. Mechanistic study shows that the high flow rate reduced the species abundance ca.10 % under the same conditions by increasing the interaction between hydrodynamic and gravity. It found an improvement in species distribution uniformity in different places and periods showed by high flow rate when contrasted with low flow rate. This mechanism offers mechanistic insights into preventing corrosion and fouling of attached algae.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 11","pages":"Article 103566"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143153538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}