Journal of insect physiology最新文献

{"title":"Hotter-is-not-better: A study on the thermal response of a winter active and nocturnal beetle","authors":"Jorge M. Lobo","doi":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2023.104602","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2023.104602","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>While there are numerous examples of thermogenesis processes in poikilothermic insects that maintain a stable temperature for a certain time and in certain parts of the body, there is a lack of information on ectothermic insect species capable of remaining active under “cold” conditions that would be challenging for other species. Such a thermal strategy would imply the existence of a metabolism that can operate at different temperatures without the need to increase body temperature when experiencing cold environmental conditions. This “hotter-is-not-better“ thermal strategy is considered ancestral and conjectured to be linked to the origin and evolution of endothermy. In this study, we examined the thermal performance of a large-bodied dung beetle species (<em>Chelotrupes momus</em>) capable of being active during the winter nights in the Iberian Mediterranean region. Field and laboratory results were obtained using thermocamera records, thermocouples, data loggers and spectrometers that measured ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared wavelengths. The thermal data clearly indicated that this species can remain active at a body temperature of approximately 6 °C without the need to warm its body above ambient temperature. Comparing the spectrophotometric data of the species under study with that from other previously examined dung beetle species indicated that the exoskeleton of this particular species likely enhances the absorption of infrared radiation, thereby implying a dual role of the exoskeleton in both heat acquisition and heat dissipation. Taken together, these results suggest that this species has morphological and metabolic adaptations that enable life processes at temperatures that are typically unsuitable for most insect species in the region.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of insect physiology","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 104602"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022191023001282/pdfft?md5=e7216aadd7b1df6f97952efc183afdda&pid=1-s2.0-S0022191023001282-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138991837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diel rhythm of volatile emissions from males and females of the olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae using PTR-ToF and GC–MS","authors":"Chaymae Fennine ,&nbsp;Riccardo Favaro ,&nbsp;Iuliia Khomenko ,&nbsp;Franco Biasioli ,&nbsp;Luca Cappellin ,&nbsp;Sergio Angeli","doi":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2023.104596","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2023.104596","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The olive fruit fly <em>Bactrocera oleae</em>, is the major key pest of olive groves worldwide. As an odor-driven species, its intraspecific communication has been thoroughly investigated, yielding a combination of spiroacetals, esters and hydrocarbons. However, its management with pheromone is still restricted to olean, the major pheromone component. Given the crucial role of circadian rhythm and pheromone blends in mediating flies reproductive behavior compared to single compounds, <em>B. oleae</em> headspace chemical profile was carefully examined, through the combination of Proton Transfer Reaction Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (PTR-ToF) and Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS). This novel approach aimed at continuously investigating the temporal scale of volatilome profile of <em>B. oleae</em> individuals, as well as the determination of new candidate sex-borne compounds (particularly those emitted in traces or having low molecular weight), that may be relevant to the fly’s chemical communication and were unreported due to limitations of frequently used analytical techniques. Our results describe the dynamics and diversity of <em>B. oleae</em> chemical profile, highlighting the emission of 90 compounds, with clear diel rhythm of release, of known pheromone components of <em>B. oleae</em> (e.g., olean, alpha-pinene and muscalure) and new candidates. In contrast to ammonia, acetaldehyde and muscalure, which were highly emitted during the afternoon by males and mixed groups, olean was mostly released by mature females and mixed groups, with a peak of emission during early-morning and afternoon. This emission of olean around dawn is reported for the first time, suggesting early-morning mating activity in <em>B. oleae</em>. Furthermore, esters, such as methyl tetradecanoate, which had been earlier identified as a pheromone for <em>B. oleae</em>, did not exhibit any discernible release patterns. These findings are the first to demonstrate the emission of chemicals, which are only produced when males and females are close to one another, with an emission peak during the afternoon (mating period), and that may have aphrodisiac properties for <em>B. oleae</em> males. These results emphasize the relevance of compounds with distinct diel rhythm and address their potential function as intraspecific messengers, according to their source and timing of release.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of insect physiology","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 104596"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022191023001221/pdfft?md5=02680ffa85b07f171f151a4d7536f9db&pid=1-s2.0-S0022191023001221-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138569509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"β-tubulin functions in spermatogenesis in Lygus hesperus Knight","authors":"Chan C. Heu,&nbsp;Kevin P. Le,&nbsp;Roni J. Gross,&nbsp;Inana X. Schutze,&nbsp;Dannialle M. LeRoy,&nbsp;Daniel Langhorst,&nbsp;Colin S. Brent,&nbsp;Jeffrey A. Fabrick,&nbsp;J. Joe Hull","doi":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2023.104598","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2023.104598","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Lygus hesperus</em> Knight is an important insect pest of crops across western North America, with field management heavily reliant on the use of chemical insecticides. Because of the evolution of resistance to these insecticides, effective and environmentally benign pest management strategies are needed. Traditional sterile insect technique (SIT) has been successfully employed to manage or eradicate some insect pests but involves introducing irradiated insects with random mutations into field populations. New genetically-driven SIT techniques are a safer alternative, causing fixed mutations that manipulate individual genes in target pests to produce sterile individuals for release. Here, we identified seven β-tubulin coding genes from <em>L. hesperus</em> and show that Lhβtub2 is critical in male sperm production and fertility. Lhβtub2 is expressed primarily in the male testes and targeting of this gene by RNA interference or gene editing leads to male sterility.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of insect physiology","volume":"152 ","pages":"Article 104598"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138569250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Host plant-induced changes in metabolism and osmotic regulation gene expression in Diaphorina citri adults","authors":"Benshui Shu,&nbsp;Xinyi Xie,&nbsp;Jinghua Dai,&nbsp;Luyang Liu,&nbsp;Xueming Cai,&nbsp;Zhongzhen Wu,&nbsp;Jintian Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2023.104599","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2023.104599","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), <em>Diaphorina citri</em> Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae), is a worldwide citrus pest. It transmits the pathogen <em>Candidatus</em> Liberibacter spp. of Huanglongbing (HLB), causing severe economic losses to the citrus industry. Several<!--> <!-->genera of plants in the Rutaceae family are the hosts of <em>D. citri</em>. However, the impact of these hosts on the metabolism and osmotic regulation gene expression of the pest remains unexplored. In this study, the contents of total sugars, sucrose, fructose, and glucose in young shoots, old leaves, and young leaves of ‘Shatangju’ mandarin and <em>Murraya exotica</em> were analyzed. Metabolomic analysis found that sucrose and trehalose were more abundant in the gut samples of <em>D. citri</em> adults fed on <em>M. exotica</em> when compared to what’s in ‘Shatangju’ mandarin. A total of six aquaporin genes were identified in <em>D. citri</em> through the genome and transcriptome data. Subsequently, the expression patterns of these genes were investigated with respect to their developmental stage and tissue specificity. Additionally, the expression levels of osmotic regulation and trehalose metabolism genes in adults fed on different plants were evaluated. Our results provide useful information on the transfer of sugar between plants and <em>D. citri</em>. Our results preliminary revealed the sugar metabolism regulation mechanism in <em>D. citri</em> adults.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of insect physiology","volume":"152 ","pages":"Article 104599"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138574608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Octopamine is involved in TRP-induced thermopreference responses in American cockroach","authors":"Maliszewska Justyna,&nbsp;Jankowska Milena,&nbsp;Rogalska Justyna","doi":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2023.104597","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2023.104597","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Insects’ thermoregulatory processes depend on thermosensation and further processing of thermal information in the nervous system. It is commonly known that thermosensation involves thermoreceptors, including members of the TRP receptor family, but the involvement of neurotransmitters in thermoregulatory pathways remains unstudied. We conducted test to determine whether octopamine, a biogenic amine that acts as a neurotransmitter and neurohormone in insects, is involved in TRP-induced thermoregulatory responses in <em>Periplaneta americana</em>. We used capsaicin, an activator of the heat-sensitive TRP channel, Painless, to induce thermoregulatory response in cockroaches. Then, we evaluated the behavioural (thermal preferences and grooming), physiological (heart rate) and biochemical responses of insects to capsaicin, octopamine and phentolamine – octopaminergic receptor blocker. Capsaicin, similar to octopamine, increased cockroaches’ grooming activity and heart rate. Moreover, octopamine level and protein kinase A (PKA) activity significantly increased after capsaicin treatment. Blocking octopaminergic receptors with phentolamine diminished cockroaches’ response to capsaicin – thermoregulatory behaviour, grooming and heart rate were abolished. The results indicate that octopamine is a neurotransmitter secreted in insects after the activation of heat receptors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of insect physiology","volume":"152 ","pages":"Article 104597"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138554860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of age and noise on tympanal displacement in the Desert Locust","authors":"Thomas T. Austin ,&nbsp;Charlie Woodrow ,&nbsp;James Pinchin ,&nbsp;Fernando Montealegre-Z ,&nbsp;Ben Warren","doi":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2023.104595","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2023.104595","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Insect cuticle is an evolutionary-malleable exoskeleton that has specialised for various functions. Insects that detect the pressure component of sound bear specialised sound-capturing </span>tympani<span><span> evolved from cuticular thinning. Whilst the outer layer of insect cuticle is composed of non-living chitin, its mechanical properties change during development and aging. Here, we measured the displacements of the tympanum of the </span>desert Locust, </span></span><em>Schistocerca gregaria</em>, to understand biomechanical changes as a function of age and noise-exposure. We found that the stiffness of the tympanum decreases within 12 h of noise-exposure and increases as a function of age, independent of noise-exposure. Noise-induced changes were dynamic with an increased tympanum displacement to sound within 12 h post noise-exposure. Within 24 h, however, the tone-evoked displacement of the tympanum decreased below that of control Locusts. After 48 h, the tone-evoked displacement of the tympanum was not significantly different to Locusts not exposed to noise. Tympanal displacements reduced predictably with age and repeatably noise-exposed Locusts (every three days) did not differ from their non-noise-exposed counterparts. Changes in the biomechanics of the tympanum may explain an age-dependent decrease in auditory detection in tympanal insects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of insect physiology","volume":"152 ","pages":"Article 104595"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138487764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probing behavior of the leafhopper analyzed through DC electropenetrography and microscopy","authors":"Jariya Roddee ,&nbsp;Jureemart Wangkeeree ,&nbsp;Elaine A. Backus ,&nbsp;Yupa Hanboonsong","doi":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2023.104584","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2023.104584","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Yamatotettix flavovittatus</em> Matsumara is a new leafhopper species vector of sugarcane white leaf (SCWL) phytoplasma that causes sugarcane chlorosis symptoms. The effects of probing behavior of <em>Y. flavovittatus</em> on sugarcane and its implication for SCWL phytoplasma transmission are yet to be studied. In this research, we used DC electropenetrography (EPG) to define waveforms produced by adult and fifth-instar nymphal <em>Y. flavovittatus</em> on sugarcane and correlated them with salivary sheath termini (likely stylet tip locations) via light and scanning electron microscopy. The following six waveforms and associated activities are described: (NP) non-probing, (Yf1) stylet probing into epidermal cells, (Yf2) stylet probing through mesophyll/parenchyma, (Yf3) stylet contact with phloem and likely watery salivation, (Yf4) active ingestion of sap from phloem, probably sieve elements, and (Yf5) unknown stylet activity in multiple cell types. Study findings reveal that the <em>Y. flavovittatus</em> vector ingests sieve tube element more frequently and for longer durations than any other cell type, supporting that <em>Y. flavovittatus</em> is primarily a phloem feeder. Adult <em>Y. flavovittatus</em> show a longer total probing duration and produces a high density of puncture holes on sugarcane leaves. Moreover, probing behaviors revealed that adults typically ingest phloem sap more frequently and for longer durations than fifth-instar nymphs, enhancing sap ingestion. Furthermore, we propose that adults are more likely to acquire (during Yf4) and inoculate (during Yf3) higher amounts of phytoplasma than fifth-instar nymphs. This information on the penetration behavior of leafhopper <em>Y. flavovittatus</em> serves as a basis for advanced studies on the transmission mechanism of SCWL phytoplasma.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of insect physiology","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 104584"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136397782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional analysis of Ornithine decarboxylase in manipulating the wing dimorphism in Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)","authors":"Wan-Xue Li ,&nbsp;Jing-Xiang Chen ,&nbsp;Chuan-Chuan Zhang,&nbsp;Min-Shi Luo,&nbsp;Wen-Qing Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2023.104587","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2023.104587","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The brown planthopper (BPH, <em>Nilaparvata lugens</em>), a major insect pest of rice, can make a shift in wing dimorphism to adapt to complex external environments. Our previous study showed that <em>NlODC</em> (<em>Ornithine decarboxylase</em> in <em>N. lugens</em>) was involved in wing dimorphism of the brown planthopper. Here, further experiments were conducted to reveal possible molecular mechanism of <em>NlODC</em> in manipulating the wing dimorphism. We found that the long-winged rate (LWR) of BPH was significantly reduced after RNAi of <em>NlODC</em> or injection of DFMO (D, L-α-Difluoromethylornithine), and LWR of males and females significantly decreased by 21.7% and 34.6%, respectively. Meanwhile, we also examined the contents of three polyamines under DFMO treatment and found that the contents of putrescine and spermidine were significantly lower compared to the control. After 3rd instar nymphs were injected with putrescine and spermidine, LWR was increased significantly in both cases, and putrescine was a little bit more effective, with 5.6% increase in males and 11.4% in females. Three days after injection of ds<em>NlODC</em>, injection of putrescine and spermidine rescued LWR to the normal levels. In the regulation of wing differentiation in BPH, <em>NlODC</em> mutually antagonistic to <em>NlAkt</em> may act through other signaling pathways rather than the classical insulin signaling pathway. This study illuminated a physiological function of an <em>ODC</em> gene involved in wing differentiation in insects, which could be a potential target for pest control.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of insect physiology","volume":"152 ","pages":"Article 104587"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138477834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of dietary amino acid balance on post-embryonic development in a lubber grasshopper","authors":"John Hatle ,&nbsp;Connor R. Clark ,&nbsp;Parker Agne ,&nbsp;Nicholas Strasser ,&nbsp;Juliana Arcaro ,&nbsp;Emma N. Kordek ,&nbsp;Kendal Rogers ,&nbsp;Clancy A. Short ,&nbsp;Zachary Sahni ,&nbsp;Sean Sullivan ,&nbsp;Brooke Reams ,&nbsp;Selena Halleak","doi":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2023.104586","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2023.104586","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Effects of dietary protein quality on insect development (not just growth) are unclear. Dietary amino acid blends matching yolk proteins support reproduction and juvenile development in <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em>. We matched amino acids to vitellogenin and tested development of juvenile male lubber grasshoppers, which do not produce vitellogenin. Last instars were fed classic dry diets with amino acids substituted for proteins. Matching amino acids to vitellogenin allowed molting to adulthood, while an unmatched isonitrogenous diet did not. Health on dry diets was poor, so we developed wet diets with agar, horse feed, and amino acids. Juveniles fed these diets matched to vitellogenin developed comparably to juveniles fed lettuce. However, wet diets with amino acids dissimilar to vitellogenin (low-quality) slowed development but maintained size at adulthood. We observed no compensatory feeding on low-quality diets. Theory suggests accumulation of proteins permits development. To detect a threshold, we started last juvenile instars on high-quality diets, then abruptly switched them to low-qualities diets. When switched to the poor-quality diet at 6<!--> <!-->d, grasshoppers molted at a similar age (∼17<!--> <!-->d) to grasshoppers continuously on the high-quality diet. Total hemolymph proteins levels were unaffected by the timing of diet switches. Last, methionine is essential but can be noxious at high levels. Diets with low-quality protein except for methionine slowed growth early but did not alter the time or size at molt. Overall, the feeding threshold is solely due to essential amino acids, and low-quality protein diets slowed development but did not affect adult size.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of insect physiology","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 104586"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138291109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperature dependence of gas exchange patterns shift as diapause progresses in the butterfly Pieris napi","authors":"Philip Süess ,&nbsp;Kevin T. Roberts ,&nbsp;Philipp Lehmann","doi":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2023.104585","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2023.104585","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Insects have the capacity to significantly modify their metabolic rate according to environmental conditions and physiological requirement. Consequently, the respiratory patterns can range from continuous gas exchange (CGE) to discontinuous gas exchange (DGE). In the latter, spiracles are kept closed during much of the time, and gas exchange occurs only during short periods when spiracles are opened. While ultimate causes and benefits of DGE remain debated, it is often seen during insect diapause, a deep resting stage that insects induce to survive unfavourable environmental conditions, such as winter. The present study explores the shifts between CGE and DGE during diapause by performing long continuous respirometry measurements at multiple temperatures during key diapause stages in the green-veined white butterfly <em>Pieris napi</em>. The primary goal is to explore respiratory pattern as a non-invasive method to assess whether pupae are in diapause or have transitioned to post-diapause. Respiratory pattern can also provide insight into endogenous processes taking place during diapause, and the prolonged duration of diapause allows for the detailed study of the thermal dependence of the DGE pattern. Pupae change from CGE to DGE a few days after pupation, and this shift coincides with metabolic rate suppression during diapause initiation. Once in diapause, pupae maintain DGE even at elevated temperatures that significantly increase CO₂ production. Instead of shifting respiratory pattern to CGE, pupae increase the frequency of DGE cycles. Since total CO₂ released during a single open phase remains unchanged, our results suggest that <em>P. napi</em> pupae defend a maximum internal ρCO₂ set point, even in their heavily suppressed diapause state. During post-diapause development, CO₂ production increases as a function of development and changes to CGE during temperature conditions permissive for development. Taken together, the results show that respiratory patterns are highly regulated during diapause in <em>P. napi</em> and change predictably as diapause progresses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of insect physiology","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 104585"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022191023001117/pdfft?md5=e300e7a4c29b3ce33108e26952a6e6b4&pid=1-s2.0-S0022191023001117-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136397783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}