Journal of insect physiology最新文献_第8页

Redox processes in male Drosophila with the cd1 mutation cd1突变雄性果蝇的氧化还原过程

IF 2.3 2区农林科学

Journal of insect physiology Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104871

Aleksandr V. Zhuravlev, Oleg V. Vetrovoy, Sofiya Potapova, Elena V. Savvateeva-Popova

{"title":"Redox processes in male Drosophila with the cd1 mutation","authors":"Aleksandr V. Zhuravlev, Oleg V. Vetrovoy, Sofiya Potapova, Elena V. Savvateeva-Popova","doi":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104871","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104871","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The <em>Drosophila melanogaster cardinal</em> mutant (<em>cd<sup>1</sup></em>) is characterized by a deletion in the gene for phenoxazinone synthase (PHS), which converts 3-hydroxykynurenine (3HOK) to the screening eye pigment xanthommatin (XAN). This results in altered locomotor activity and loss of long-term memory, as well as in age-related loss of middle-term memory, distortion of courtship song, and heat-induced apoptosis in the brain. Hence, <em>cd<sup>1</sup></em> can be considered as a model of senile memory impairment and neurodegeneration. Its behavioral disturbances are believed to be a result of elevated levels of 3HOK, which can induce oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis. However, 3HOK can also act as an antioxidant. In this study, we measured age-related changes in hydrogen peroxide levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in <em>cd<sup>1</sup></em> males. Surprisingly, both young and old <em>cd<sup>1</sup></em> had lower level of hydrogen peroxide compared to the wild-type strain <em>Canton-S</em> (<em>CS</em>). No interstrain differences in SOD activity were observed, but it was reduced in <em>cd<sup>1</sup></em> compared to <em>CS</em> after hypomagnetic conditioning (HMC). Mean levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the brain of young and old flies showed no significant interstrain differences. Transcription activity of the catalase (<em>Cat</em>) and <em>Sod1</em> genes was reduced in young <em>cd<sup>1</sup></em>, whereas <em>Cat</em> expression was increased in old <em>cd<sup>1</sup></em>. Thus, the PHS dysfunction and the increase in 3HOK in <em>cd<sup>1</sup></em> do not result in increased hydrogen peroxide levels. Activation of <em>Cat</em> expression in old <em>cd<sup>1</sup></em> may compensate for the development of oxidative stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of insect physiology","volume":"165 ","pages":"Article 104871"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144907273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rnai-mediated knockdown of nuclear receptors impairs cuticle formation by disrupting chitin metabolic pathway in Holotrichia oblita 核糖核酸介导的核受体的敲低通过破坏几丁质代谢途径损害毛癣的角质层形成

IF 2.3 2区农林科学

Journal of insect physiology Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104861

Zhi-long Niu , Jian Wei , Qian Wang , Yu-bo Yang , Ying-Nan Gao , Lu Li , Jia Jia , Wei Guo , Dan Zhao

{"title":"Rnai-mediated knockdown of nuclear receptors impairs cuticle formation by disrupting chitin metabolic pathway in Holotrichia oblita","authors":"Zhi-long Niu , Jian Wei , Qian Wang , Yu-bo Yang , Ying-Nan Gao , Lu Li , Jia Jia , Wei Guo , Dan Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104861","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104861","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nuclear receptors (NRs) are ligand-regulated transcription factors that play crucial roles in insect growth and development. However, their functions in <em>Holotrichia oblita</em> Faldermann remain uncharacterized. In this study, we identified and characterized three <em>HoNRs</em> from <em>H. oblita</em>. Spatiotemporal expression analysis revealed that all three <em>HoNRs</em> were predominantly expressed in eggs and first-instar larvae. Tissue localization showed high expression in the epidermis, fat body, and rectum. RNA interference (RNAi) experiments demonstrated that silencing these <em>HoNRs</em> reduced larval feeding, impaired molting, and resulted in a 37–50 % weight inhibition rate and a 73–93 % mortality rate. Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that knockdown of <em>HoHR3</em>, <em>HoE75</em>, and <em>HoEcR</em> led to the formation of a thinner cuticle compared to controls, accompanied by a 46–48 % reduction in chitin content and downregulation of chitin metabolic Pathway genes. Additionally, the expression of these <em>HoNRs</em> was influenced by 20E at different time points. Therefore, these findings demonstrate that these three <em>HoNRs</em> are essential for normal molting in <em>H. oblita</em> through chitin metabolic pathway regulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of insect physiology","volume":"165 ","pages":"Article 104861"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144687475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transcriptional activation of BmToll9-2 to exogenous dsRNA in the larvae of Bombyx mori 家蚕幼虫BmToll9-2对外源dsRNA的转录激活。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学

Journal of insect physiology Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104860

Zibing Feng , Zepeng Li , Qiuying He , Baolin Deng , Huixing Ma , Weijian Chen , Xin Li , Jie Zhang , Luc Swevers , Jisheng Liu

{"title":"Transcriptional activation of BmToll9-2 to exogenous dsRNA in the larvae of Bombyx mori","authors":"Zibing Feng , Zepeng Li , Qiuying He , Baolin Deng , Huixing Ma , Weijian Chen , Xin Li , Jie Zhang , Luc Swevers , Jisheng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104860","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104860","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Toll pathway plays a crucial role in insect innate immunity, functioning through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that detect pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Previous studies on <em>BmToll9-2</em> have primarily investigated its role in sensing bacterial pathogens and activating antimicrobial peptides. In this study, we aimed to investigate the transcriptional regulation of <em>BmToll9-2</em> in response to exogenous double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) in silkworm (<em>Bombyx mori</em>) larvae. Various delivery routes for dsRNA-triggered activation of <em>BmToll9-2</em> were explored. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assays revealed significant up-regulation of <em>BmToll9-2</em> in the midgut, fat body, and epidermis following dsRNA injection. In contrast, oral administration of dsRNA failed to induce a transcriptional response. <em>In vitro</em> stability assays demonstrated that dsRNA was rapidly degraded in midgut fluid (within 10 min) but remains stable in the hemolymph for an extended period (up to 6 h). <em>In vivo</em> detection of dsRNA further confirmed its rapid digestion through feeding and the longer retention through injection. Additionally, infection with <em>B. mori</em> cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (BmCPV) also induced <em>BmToll9-2</em> expression, suggesting a link between dsRNA viruses and Toll pathway activation. Our findings suggest dsRNAs as potential PAMPs for Toll receptor signaling, highlighting the longer persistence of dsRNA in the hemolymph as a significant factor in the transcriptional response and emphasizing the role of <em>BmToll9-2</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of insect physiology","volume":"165 ","pages":"Article 104860"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144698827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modeling biological age to assess maturation and ageing (Apis mellifera) 模拟生物年龄以评估成熟和衰老（蜜蜂）

IF 2.3 2区农林科学

Journal of insect physiology Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104857

Yumi Yun , Olga Frunze , Nahee Kim, Hyung-Wook Kwon

{"title":"Modeling biological age to assess maturation and ageing (Apis mellifera)","authors":"Yumi Yun , Olga Frunze , Nahee Kim, Hyung-Wook Kwon","doi":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104857","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104857","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Environmental stresses caused by climate change—especially fluctuations in temperature and humidity—affect the behavior and physiology of honeybees (<em>Apis mellifera</em>), a model organism with a complex social structure. Worker bees, the most numerous members of colonies, perform tasks based on age polyethism, with lifespans ranging from short-lived summer bees to long-lived winter bees. While regulating this aging process and understanding how stress influences maturation are crucial for colony survival, these mechanisms remain poorly understood. To address this issue, we analyzed two physiological traits (hypopharyngeal gland development and fat body lipid mass) and the expression of six genes (<em>ilp1, ilp2, TOR1, JHAMT, AmGr10,</em> and <em>Vg</em>) in marked workers across 11 age groups (0, 3, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 21, and 25 days) during the flowering period, under controlled environmental conditions and low DWV levels. Five genes (<em>ilp1, ilp2, TOR1, JHAMT</em>, and <em>AmGr10</em>) were identified as reliable age-related markers and were used to develop a predictive model of biological age. Validation on 14-day-old workers sampled during the Flowering, Dearth, and early Overwintering Periods demonstrated that seasonal stress affects biological aging, with predicted ages of 12.14 days (flowering), 14.64 days (dearth), and 28.17 days (early overwintering). The accelerated biological aging in overwintering bees, linked with disease presence and colony failure, confirmed the model’s reliability. This study provides new insights into stress-induced aging in social insects and presents practical tools for monitoring colony health and resilience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of insect physiology","volume":"165 ","pages":"Article 104857"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144653212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploration of winter diapause stages of the emerald ash borer based on morphological and biochemical parameters 基于形态学和生化参数的绿灰螟虫冬季滞育阶段的探索。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学

Journal of insect physiology Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104859

Yingqiao Dang, Ke Wei, Xinyi Dai, Xiaoyi Wang

{"title":"Exploration of winter diapause stages of the emerald ash borer based on morphological and biochemical parameters","authors":"Yingqiao Dang, Ke Wei, Xinyi Dai, Xiaoyi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104859","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104859","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diapause enables the critical survival of certain insects under adverse conditions, and the concealment ability of insects makes characterizing diapause traits challenging. Here, we focused on the invasive emerald ash borer (EAB, <em>Agrilus planipennis</em>), a species with obligatory winter diapause, and combined morphological, physiological, and biochemical analyses to correlate overwintering diapause stages with two pupal chamber forms: J-shaped (JL) and I-shaped (IL) larvae. Fourth-instar larvae (L4, nondiapausing, still feeding) outside the chamber and pupae (postdiapausing) inside the chamber served as controls. The results revealed that 1) the JL and IL periods overlapped, lasting up to 7 and 5 months, respectively. Significant variations in physiological–biochemical parameters during JL prompted its subdivision into three substages: early (JL-E), middle (JL-M), and late (JL-L). 2) Compared with L4-stage insects, insects in the JL-E and/or JL-M stages presented significantly lower juvenile hormone (JH), trehalose, glucose, and inositol amounts, whereas the 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and glycerol amounts increased significantly. In the JL-L and IL stages, the amounts of JH, trehalose, glucose, and inositol no longer differed from those in L4. The IL-stage insects ultimately developed into pupae, with JH, glycerol, and inositol amounts comparable to those in the pupal stage. These findings demonstrate that the JL and IL stages in <em>A. planipennis</em> exhibit strong temporal correspondence with distinct diapause phases, as evidenced by their characteristic physiological signatures. This field-based multilevel study improves the understanding of the diapause biology of this invasive insect pest.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of insect physiology","volume":"165 ","pages":"Article 104859"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144690517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Drosophila’s sensory responses to bacterial peptidoglycan integrates positive and negative signals 果蝇对细菌肽聚糖的感觉反应整合了积极和消极的信号。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学

Journal of insect physiology Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104863

Martina Montanari , Gérard Manière , Ambra Masuzzo , Romane Milleville , Yaël Grosjean , C. Léopold Kurz , Julien Royet

{"title":"Drosophila’s sensory responses to bacterial peptidoglycan integrates positive and negative signals","authors":"Martina Montanari , Gérard Manière , Ambra Masuzzo , Romane Milleville , Yaël Grosjean , C. Léopold Kurz , Julien Royet","doi":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104863","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104863","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Interactions between animals, including humans, and surrounding microbes are governed by a delicate balance, crucial for survival. Animals must distinguish and respond adequately to beneficial and harmful microbes to maintain homeostasis. Recent research suggests that bacterial components such as lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan (PGN) influence host behavior by modulating neuronal activity. PGN detection by specific neurons can prompt infected female flies to reduce oviposition or trigger avoidance behaviors via gustatory neurons. Using behavioral assays and calcium imaging, we found that PGNs can also act as attractants, activating the sweet taste circuit in a concentration-dependent manner. Our findings demonstrate that flies integrate PGN-derived positive and negative signals to make ad hoc decisions. This dual response underlines the need for <em>Drosophila</em> to distinguish between different concentrations of compounds in their environment, integrating sensory data to navigate efficiently in microbe-co-inhabited environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of insect physiology","volume":"165 ","pages":"Article 104863"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144717959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sex-dependent latent chilling injury changes estimates of thermal tolerance in a model insect 性别依赖的潜在冷害改变了模式昆虫的热耐受性。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学

Journal of insect physiology Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104844

Mahmoud I. El-Saadi, Mitchell C. Allen, Heath A. MacMillan

{"title":"Sex-dependent latent chilling injury changes estimates of thermal tolerance in a model insect","authors":"Mahmoud I. El-Saadi, Mitchell C. Allen, Heath A. MacMillan","doi":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104844","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104844","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermal injury sets limits to ectotherm mobility and survival. These limits are frequently integrated into models describing or predicting climate suitability for species of interest. Cold stress severity, sex, and prior thermal acclimation status can all influence lower thermal limits. There is a growing understanding of how chilling injuries initially manifest, but despite reports of latent injury or repair that may happen after rewarming, we poorly understand these phenomena. We exposed male and female </em>to an acute or chronic cold stress before assessing their mobility over a 24 h period. Females progressively worsened under both conditions, but male mobility neither worsened nor improved. Female mobility declined slower in flies recovering at cooler temperatures, and cold acclimation significantly mitigated latent injury in females following the same degree of initial injury, regardless of recovery temperature. We conclude that latent chilling injury can be sex-specific, occurs independently from mechanisms driving tissue damage in the cold, is temperature-dependent, and is mitigated by prior thermal acclimation. We argue that latent chilling injury and the factors that influence it should be more carefully considered in estimating tolerance limits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of insect physiology","volume":"165 ","pages":"Article 104844"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144608583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Roles of Fox gene in the development and reproduction of diamondback moth Fox基因在小菜蛾发育和繁殖中的作用

IF 2.3 2区农林科学

Journal of insect physiology Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104868

Anam Noreen Abbas , Mubashir Tariq , Faisal Munir , Uroosa Zaheer , Ibrahim Adam , Muhammad Asad , Guang Yang

{"title":"Roles of Fox gene in the development and reproduction of diamondback moth","authors":"Anam Noreen Abbas , Mubashir Tariq , Faisal Munir , Uroosa Zaheer , Ibrahim Adam , Muhammad Asad , Guang Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104868","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104868","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The forkhead box (Fox) family of transcription factors is essential for controlling physiological functions, metabolism and development in insects. However, the role of the Fox gene in the diamondback moth, <em>Plutella xylostella</em>, a major agricultural pest of cruciferous crops, is still unknown. The purpose of this work was to characterize the <em>PxFox1</em> gene and investigate its role in the reproduction and development of <em>P. xylostella</em>. The <em>Fox</em> gene in <em>P. xylostella (PxFox1</em>) is identified from the <em>P. xylostella</em> genome. The <em>Fox</em> gene was conserved in lepidoptera with the presence of Forkhead domain. <em>PxFox1</em> was expressed in different developmental stages and tissues of <em>P. xylostella</em>, highly in the female adult and integument. The <em>PxFox1</em> knockout mutants were generated by using the CRISPR/Cas9 technique. The significant reduction in the number of eggs and hatching rate was observed in mutants as compared with the wild-type. Meanwhile, an extended larval duration, shortened pupal phase, and reduced adult lifespan were observed in the mutants. Furthermore, <em>PxFox1</em> mutants displayed significant phenotypic abnormalities such as malformed wings, irregular body segmentation, and reduced body size, highlighting the gene’s essential role in the morphological development. These results showed that <em>PxFox1</em> is necessary for <em>P. xylostella</em> development, survival, and reproduction. Targeting <em>PxFox1</em> could provide a potential genetic pest control strategy for managing <em>P. xylostella</em> populations, offering new insights into insect gene regulation for sustainable pest management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of insect physiology","volume":"165 ","pages":"Article 104868"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144912428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reproductive investment in spiders: how female condition and oviposition timing influence egg sac quality 蜘蛛的生殖投资：雌性状态和产卵时间如何影响卵囊质量

IF 2.3 2区农林科学

Journal of insect physiology Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104869

Lucia Calbacho-Rosa , Mónica Cunningham , Franco Cargnelutti , Carlos Fernando García , Alfredo V. Peretti

{"title":"Reproductive investment in spiders: how female condition and oviposition timing influence egg sac quality","authors":"Lucia Calbacho-Rosa , Mónica Cunningham , Franco Cargnelutti , Carlos Fernando García , Alfredo V. Peretti","doi":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104869","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104869","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Maternal condition and environmental factors can strongly influence reproductive investment and offspring quality. We investigated how female body condition and oviposition timing (first versus second half of the reproductive season) affect egg sac characteristics and biochemical composition in the spider <em>Holocnemus pluchei</em>. We analyzed egg sac weight, egg number, and the characterization and concentration of proteins, lipids, and fatty acids in postvitellogenic females and their egg sacs. Females in good condition produced heavier egg sacs with more eggs, particularly when oviposition occurred early in the season. Total protein concentrations in egg sacs and females remained constant across groups, although hemocyanin levels varied without a clear association with condition or timing. Lipid analysis revealed greater investment in early-season reproduction, with females allocating approximately 52% of their lipid reserves to eggs. Notably, females in poor condition during the second half of the season exhibited the lowest total lipid levels. Fatty acid profiles indicated limited seasonal or condition-dependent changes, suggesting stable prey types throughout the season but reduced prey quantity later in the reproductive period. Our results highlight how both maternal condition and oviposition timing shape reproductive strategies and resource allocation in <em>H. pluchei</em>, with potential consequences for offspring survival and population dynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of insect physiology","volume":"165 ","pages":"Article 104869"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144903109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fat bodies responsible for the degradation of encapsulated foreign substances in the body cavity of Mythimna separata larvae 脂肪体，负责降解被包裹在体腔内的外来物质。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学

Journal of insect physiology Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104867

Tomomi Sawa , Yuki Okumura , Toshiharu Tanaka , Yutaka Nakamatsu

{"title":"Fat bodies responsible for the degradation of encapsulated foreign substances in the body cavity of Mythimna separata larvae","authors":"Tomomi Sawa , Yuki Okumura , Toshiharu Tanaka , Yutaka Nakamatsu","doi":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104867","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104867","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the immune systems of insects, the fat body synthesizes most of the immune proteins found in the hemolymph. We investigated a novel role for the fat body in immune processing of encapsulated parasitoid larvae using fat bodies from <em>Mythimna separata</em> (Ms) larvae. When first instar larvae of <em>Cotesia kariyai</em> (Ck) were transplanted into Ms larvae, time-dependent melanization and encapsulation occurred, and the surface area of Ck larvae began to decrease 24 h post-transplantation. Histological analysis revealed physical contact between encapsulated Ck larvae and the fat body of the host. In vitro co-culture experiments showed that the size of Ck larvae decreased significantly when incubated with fat bodies, and this effect could be inhibited by leupeptin, a serine protease inhibitor. Immunofluorescence staining detected the presence of trypsin in the fat body, and qPCR analysis demonstrated upregulation of trypsin mRNA following co-culture. These findings suggest that at least Ms fat bodies are involved in the enzymatic degradation of encapsulated foreign substances via trypsin expression and secretion, and highlight a novel effector function of insect fat bodies in the later stages of innate immune defense.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of insect physiology","volume":"165 ","pages":"Article 104867"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144862282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0