Journal of insect physiology最新文献

{"title":"Chemical defence of a centipede (Clinopodes flavidus)","authors":"Bojan M. Mitić ,&nbsp;Vesna B. Jovanović ,&nbsp;Marina M. Todosijević ,&nbsp;Margret Eckhard ,&nbsp;Ljubica C. Vasiljević ,&nbsp;Vele V. Tešević ,&nbsp;Ljubodrag V. Vujisić","doi":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2024.104649","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2024.104649","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chemical substances are of utmost importance for the biotic interactions between animals and their predators/parasites; many of these semiochemicals are emitted for defence purposes. One of the most deterrent and toxic biogenic substances we know of is hydrogen cyanide, which can be stored by certain insects, millipedes, centipedes and arachnids in the form of stable and less volatile molecules. The aim of this study was to analyse the biology and chemistry of such a defence mechanism in a geophilomorph centipede (Chilopoda). The cyanogenic secretion of <em>Clinopodes flavidus</em> is discharged from the ventral glands, whose glandular units are located in the space between the cuticle and the trunk muscles and do not extend deep into the segment. In addition to hydrogen cyanide, the ventral secretion contains 2-methylpentanoic acid, benzaldehyde, benzoyl cyanide, 2-methyl branched C-9 carboxylic acid (tentatively identified as 2-methyloctanoic acid), methyl 2-phenylacetate, benzoic acid and mandelonitrile as well as four major proteins with a molecular weight of 150, 66.2, 59 and 55 kDa. The correlation between the presence of ventral glands and guarding with the female’s ventral side facing away from the eggs and young indicates a functional link between these two traits. We hope that the specificity of the chemical composition of the ventral secretion could serve as a criterion for chemotaxonomy and that the analysis of more species will help to clarify the phylogenetic relationships within the Geophilomorpha.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of insect physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140957678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence of plasticity, but not evolutionary divergence, in the thermal limits of a highly successful urban butterfly","authors":"Angie Lenard,&nbsp;Sarah E. Diamond","doi":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2024.104648","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2024.104648","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Despite the generally negative impact of urbanization on insect biodiversity, some insect species persist in urban habitats. Understanding the mechanisms underpinning the ability of insects to tolerate urban habitats is critical given the contribution of land-use change to the global insect decline. Compensatory mechanisms such as phenotypic plasticity and evolutionary change in thermal physiological traits could allow urban populations to persist under the altered thermal regimes of urban habitats. It is important to understand the contributions of plasticity and evolution to trait change along urbanization gradients as the two mechanisms operate under different constraints and timescales. Here, we examine the plastic and evolutionary responses of heat and cold tolerance (critical thermal maximum [CT_max] and critical thermal minimum [CT_min]) to warming among populations of the cabbage white butterfly, <em>Pieris rapae</em>, from urban and non-urban (rural) habitats using a two-temperature common garden experiment. Although we expected populations experiencing urban warming to exhibit greater CT_max and diminished CT_min through plastic and evolutionary mechanisms, our study revealed evidence only for plasticity in the expected direction of both thermal tolerance traits. We found no evidence of evolutionary divergence in either heat or cold tolerance, despite each trait showing evolutionary potential. Our results suggest that thermal tolerance plasticity contributes to urban persistence in this system. However, as the magnitude of the plastic response was low and comparable to other insect species, other compensatory mechanisms likely further underpin this species’ success in urban habitats.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of insect physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140957671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperature influences desiccation resistance of bumble bees","authors":"Jamieson C. Botsch ,&nbsp;Jesse D. Daniels ,&nbsp;Jelena Bujan ,&nbsp;Karl A. Roeder","doi":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2024.104647","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2024.104647","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ongoing climate change has increased temperatures and the frequency of droughts in many parts of the world, potentially intensifying the desiccation risk for insects. Because resisting desiccation becomes more difficult at higher temperatures and lower humidity, avoiding water loss is a key challenge facing terrestrial insects. However, few studies have examined the interactive effects of temperature and environmental humidity on desiccation resistance in insects. Such studies on bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) are especially rare, despite their ecological and economic importance. Here, we crossed temperature (20, 25, and 30 °C) with humidity (&lt;5, 50, &gt;95 % RH) manipulations and measured time to mortality, water loss rates, and the water content at mortality of bumble bees (<em>Bombus impatiens</em>). We found that both higher temperature and lower humidity increased water loss rates, while warmer temperatures reduced survival time and lower humidity decreased water content at mortality. Additionally, we observed large intraspecific variation in water balance traits between colonies, and larger individuals survived longer and could tolerate more water loss before mortality. This study raises important questions about the mechanisms underpinning water loss in bumble bees and suggests that frequent access to nectar may be especially important for bumble bees’ water balance and survival in a warming and drying climate.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of insect physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140866460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cellular dynamics of host − parasitoid interactions: Insights from the encapsulation process in a partially resistant host","authors":"Samuel Gornard,&nbsp;Florence Mougel,&nbsp;Isabelle Germon,&nbsp;Véronique Borday-Birraux,&nbsp;Pascaline Venon,&nbsp;Salimata Drabo,&nbsp;Laure Kaiser","doi":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2024.104646","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2024.104646","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Cotesia typhae</em> is an eastern African endoparasitoid braconid wasp that targets the larval stage of the lepidopteran stem borer, <em>Sesamia nonagrioides</em>, a maize crop pest in Europe<em>.</em> The French host population is partially resistant to the Makindu strain of the wasp, allowing its development in only 40% of the cases. Resistant larvae can encapsulate the parasitoid and survive the infection. This interaction provides a very interesting frame for investigating the impact of parasitism on host cellular resistance. We characterized the parasitoid ovolarval development in a permissive host and studied the encapsulation process in a resistant host by dissection and histological sectioning compared to that of inert chromatography beads. We measured the total hemocyte count in parasitized and bead-injected larvae over time to monitor the magnitude of the immune reaction. Our results show that parasitism of resistant hosts delayed encapsulation but did not affect immune abilities towards inert beads. Moreover, while bead injection increased total hemocyte count, it remained constant in resistant and permissive larvae. We conclude that while <em>Cotesia</em> spp virulence factors are known to impair the host immune system, our results suggest that passive evasion could also occur.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of insect physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140849895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increasing temperature and time in glasshouses increases honey bee activity and affects internal brood conditions","authors":"Darren P. O'Connell ,&nbsp;Bronte M. Baker ,&nbsp;David Atauri ,&nbsp;Julia C. Jones","doi":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2024.104635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinsphys.2024.104635","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Honey bees are globally important pollinators, key to many aspects of ecosystem function and agricultural production. However they are facing an increasing array of stress factors. These stressors include exposure to pathogens and pesticides, agricultural intensification, and changes in climate, and likely contribute to colony dysfunction and colony losses. Here we use temperature-controlled glasshouse experiments to investigate the impact of a field-realistic temperature-range on honey bee colonies, including temperatures based on projections for near-future local conditions. We show that increased temperatures have a significant impact on honey bee worker activity, with increased worker movement in and out of colonies, particularly over 30 °C. In addition, increased glasshouse temperatures led to significantly higher brood (egg, larval and pupal cells) humidity. Finally, temperature had a more severe impact at the later end of the experiment than at the start (on worker movement and brood conditions), suggesting that colonies under stress (either due to exposure to thermal stress or glasshouse confinement) have more difficulty in manging thermoregulation. These results indicate the potential impact of higher temperatures on the healthy functioning of these important pollinators.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of insect physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022191024000234/pdfft?md5=e5de87c2ab37bc0a1d5412718c87d3b4&pid=1-s2.0-S0022191024000234-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140557452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"OpsinLW2 serves as a circadian photoreceptor in the entrainment of circadian locomotor rhythm of a firebrat","authors":"Kazuki Takeuchi,&nbsp;Kenji Tomioka","doi":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2024.104636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinsphys.2024.104636","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Photic entrainment is an essential function of the circadian clock, which enables organisms to set the appropriate timing of daily behavioral and physiological events. Recent studies have shown that the mechanisms of the circadian clock and photic entrainment vary among insect species. This study aimed to elucidate the circadian photoreceptors necessary for photic entrainment in firebrats <em>Thermobia domestica</em>, one of the most primitive apterygote insects. A homology search of publicly available RNA sequence (RNA-seq) data from <em>T</em>. <em>domestica</em> exhibited a <em>cryptochrome 2</em> (<em>cry2</em>) gene and three <em>opsin</em> genes, <em>opsin long wavelength 1</em> (<em>opLW1</em>), <em>opLW2</em>, and <em>opUV</em>, as candidate circadian photoreceptors. We examined the possible involvement of these genes in photic entrainment of firebrat locomotor rhythms. Firebrats had the highest entrainability to the light–dark cycle of green light. Treatment with dsRNA of the candidate genes strongly downregulated the respective targeted genes, and in the case of <em>opsin</em> genes, other untargeted genes were occasionally downregulated to various degrees. Under constant light, most control firebrats became arrhythmic, whereas a fraction of those treated with double RNAi of the two <em>opLW</em>s remained rhythmic. Behavioral experiments revealed that the transient cycles necessary for re-entrainment to shifted light cycles were lengthened when <em>opLW2</em> expression was reduced. These results suggest that <em>opLW2</em> is involved in the photic entrainment of circadian rhythm in firebrats.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of insect physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140618030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prolonged diapause in Mormon crickets: Embryonic responses to three measures of time","authors":"Robert B. Srygley","doi":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2024.104634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinsphys.2024.104634","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mormon cricket eggs can remain diapausing in soil for multiple years without forming an embryo. I investigated whether embryonic development was dependent on the number of annual cycles since the egg was laid, duration of the summer period (forcing), or duration of the winter period (chilling). Male and female Mormon crickets collected in Arizona and Wyoming were paired in the lab. For each mating pair, sibling eggs were incubated 12 weeks, eggs with fully developed embryos removed, and the remaining eggs were split evenly among three treatments: a long cold period and a long warm period; a short cold period and a long warm period; and a short cold period and a short warm period, which respectively completed 2 annual cycles, 3 cycles, and 4 cycles in 60 calendar weeks. In each cycle over nine years, developed eggs and eggs that appeared inviable were counted and removed. For each mating pair, I used survival analyses to test for differences in 1) the number of annual cycles, 2) the warm period duration, and 3) the cold period duration required for the embryos to develop. For eight of 11 mating pairs, one of the three factors was not excluded as a determinant of the phenology of embryonic development. Duration of the warm period was not rejected in seven of 11 cases. Duration of the warm period required for 50 % of the eggs to develop ranged from 84 to 144 weeks. In one case from Arizona, the duration of the cold period was the only factor not rejected. Median chill time was 60 weeks, which is also more than one year. Despite this exception, I conclude that duration of the warm period is typically the factor that determines timing of embryonic development for Mormon crickets. For these two high elevation populations, median forcing or chilling exceeded one year.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of insect physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140557453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential strategic allocation of nuptial gift proteins of the neotropical katydid Conocephalus ictus (Orthoptera Tettigoniidae)","authors":"Raúl Cueva del Castillo,&nbsp;Anahi Elias-Quevedo,&nbsp;Josefina Vázquez Medrano,&nbsp;Anabel Ruíz-Flores,&nbsp;César M. Flores-Ortiz","doi":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2024.104633","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2024.104633","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In many katydids, the male feeds his mate with a large gelatinous spermatophore. While providing large spermatophores can increase female fecundity and lifespan, it may also decrease their sexual receptivity, benefiting male fitness. Allocating resources to these edible gifts may entail a lower apportionment of them to other functions, generating a trade-off between somatic and reproductive functions. Despite their effect on male and female fitness, little is known of the compounds associated with katydid spermatophores. Our study found 177 different putative proteins in the spermatophore of <em>Conocephalus ictus</em>, with no correlation between male body size with spermatophore mass, number, concentration and mass of proteins. However, we did observe a negative relationship between male forewing length and protein concentration, and a negative relationship between the mass of the spermatophore transferred to the females and their body size, suggesting a resource allocation trade-off in males, but also strategic transference of resources based on female quality.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of insect physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022191024000210/pdfft?md5=605a4b89b007ac83034db8b388e6358b&pid=1-s2.0-S0022191024000210-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140329886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The maxillary palps of Tephritidae are selectively tuned to food volatiles and diverge with ecology","authors":"Sebastian Larsson Herrera ,&nbsp;Fikira Kimbokota ,&nbsp;Sohel Ahmad ,&nbsp;Katharina Heise ,&nbsp;Tibebe Dejene Biasazin ,&nbsp;Teun Dekker","doi":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2024.104632","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2024.104632","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The maxillary palp is an auxiliary olfactory organ in insects, which, different from the antennae, is equipped with only a few olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) types. We postulated that these derived mouthpart structures, positioned at the base of the proboscis, may be particularly important in mediating feeding behaviors. As feeding is spatio-temporally segregated from oviposition in most Tephritidae, this taxonomic group appears quite suitable to parse out sensory breadth and potential functional divergence of palps and antennae. Scanning electron microscopy and anterograde staining underlined the limited palpal olfactory circuit in Tephritidae: only three morphological subtypes of basiconic sensilla were found, each with two neurons, and project to a total of six antennal lobe glomeruli in <em>Bactrocera dorsalis</em>. Accordingly, the palps detected only few volatiles from the headspace of food (fermentation and protein lures) and fruit (guava and mango) compared to the antennae (17 over 77, using gas-chromatography coupled electrophysiology). Interestingly, functionally the antennae were more tuned to fruit volatiles, detecting eight times more fruit than food volatiles (63 over 8), whereas the number of fruit and food volatile detection was more comparable in the palps (14 over 8). As tephritids diverge in oviposition preferences, but converge on food substrates, we postulated that the receptive ranges of palpal circuits would be more conserved compared to the antennae. However, palpal responses of three tephritid species that differed in phylogenetic relatedness and ecologically niche, diverged across ecological rather than phylogenetic rifts. Two species with strongly overlapping ecology, <em>B. dorsalis</em> and <em>Ceratitis capitata</em>, showed inseparable response profiles, whereas the cucurbit specialist <em>Zeugodacus cucurbitae</em> strongly diverged. As <em>Z. cucurbitae</em> is phylogenetically placed between <em>B. dorsalis</em> and <em>C. capitata</em>, the results indicate that ecology overrides phylogeny in the evolution of palpal tuning, in spite of being predisposed to detecting food volatiles.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of insect physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022191024000209/pdfft?md5=4b95d6bb9ede7eb5d243b7462e0055be&pid=1-s2.0-S0022191024000209-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140293759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of the serosal cells surrounding Cotesia kariyai larvae and their role in host immunosuppression","authors":"Yuki Okumura ,&nbsp;Tomomi Sawa ,&nbsp;Toshiharu Tanaka ,&nbsp;Yutaka Nakamatsu","doi":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2024.104631","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2024.104631","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>About half of the serosal cells (Scs) of <em>Cotesia kariyai</em> (Ck) eggs are released as teratocytes into the host body cavity after hatching, and another half remain attached to the larval epidermis until the 1st instar larvae of Ck ecdysis to 2nd instars. To investigate the role of the serosal cells surrounding Ck 1st instar larvae (1st Scs) in immune avoidance, Ck 1st instar larvae with and without Scs removed using dispase were transplanted into <em>Mythimna separata</em> larvae (MsLrv), respectively. As a result, Ck 1st instar larvae surrounded by Scs were less susceptible to the MsL encapsulation than Ck 1st instar larvae without the Scs, suggesting that the Scs are involved in suppressing the encapsulation of the MsL. Furthermore, when the granular cells and plasmatocytes of the MsL involved in the encapsulation were incubated in a medium supplemented with proteins extracted from 1st Scs, the plasmatocytes failed to adhere to glass slides, and did not spread their filopodium and lamellipodium. These findings suggest that 1st Scs express proteins that inhibit filopodium and lamellipodium spreading to prevent the MsL plasmatocytes from adhering to Ck larvae.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of insect physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140189734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}