Journal of insect physiology最新文献

{"title":"Utilization of a Clark electrode device as a respirometer for small insects: A convincing test on ants allowing to detect discontinuous gas exchange","authors":"Maïly Kervella ,&nbsp;Céline Cansell ,&nbsp;François Criscuolo ,&nbsp;Frederic Bouillaud","doi":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2024.104698","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2024.104698","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Respirometry provides a direct measure of an organism’s O₂ consumption rate (VO₂), which is a significant component of its metabolic rate (energy expenditure). Amongst ants, variations in lifespan between different social castes (such as workers and queens) can be substantial, varying depending on the species. As metabolic rate is higher in short-living species, we aimed to determine how VO₂ and longevity may have coevolved within ant casts. Measuring VO₂ in such tiny animal models can be challenging, and as a first methodological step, we validate the use of a Clark electrode, initially designed for measuring mitochondrial respiration control pathways, for assessing VO₂ in ants within a sealed chamber. This was done by comparing it with stop-flow VO₂ and CO₂ production, using a traditional indirect calorimetry device. The global aim is to provide a reliable protocol to conduct accurate comparisons of metabolic rates within and among ant species. As expected, using the Clark electrode entails high time resolution and revealed that queens and workers exhibited discontinuous gas exchange, with episodes of apnea lasting up to 20 min.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of insect physiology","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 104698"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142004419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential expression of fibroin-related genes in middle silk glands is induced by dietary differences in a strain-dependent manner in Bombyx mori","authors":"Tsuneyuki Tatsuke,&nbsp;Shuichiro Tomita","doi":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2024.104695","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2024.104695","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The silkworm (<em>Bombyx mori</em>) is a model organism for lepidopteran insects. It is an oligophagous insect that primarily feeds on mulberry leaves and has industrial use for the production of raw silk. The development of artificial diets has provided an alternative nutrient source for silkworms; however, one significant issue is that the production of cocoons is lower in silkworms reared on artificial diets compared with those reared on mulberry leaves. The differences in the silk gland in the late-stage fifth instar silkworm larvae, when silk synthesis is most active, between those raised on artificial diets and mulberry leaves, are unknown. In this study, we identified differences in the transcriptomes of the middle and posterior silk glands of fifth instar day five silkworm larvae reared on artificial diets compared with those reared on mulberry leaves using three strains: Daizo, Nichi01, and J137 × C146. We found that the silk-related genes <em>fibrohexamerin</em> (<em>fhx</em>), <em>fibroin-light-chain</em> (<em>fibL</em>), and <em>fibroin-heavy-chain</em> (<em>fibH</em>) in the middle silk gland, and <em>ser1</em> in the posterior silk gland, were differentially expressed in a strain-dependent manner. In silkworms reared on artificial diets, <em>fhx</em>, <em>fibL</em>, and <em>fibH</em> in the middle silk gland were upregulated in Nichi01 and downregulated in J137 × C146, whereas <em>ser1</em> in the posterior silk gland was upregulated in J137 × C146 compared with silkworms reared on mulberry leaves. Our results demonstrate that the diet and strain of silkworm larvae affect the expression of genes related to silk production in their silk glands during the late fifth instar stage.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of insect physiology","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 104695"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142000042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The morphology of the pygidial glands and the chemical composition of their secretions of four sphodrine ground beetle species (Carabidae: Platyninae)","authors":"Sofija Vranić ,&nbsp;Ljubodrag Vujisić ,&nbsp;Nikola Vesović ,&nbsp;Marina Todosijević ,&nbsp;Dejan Pantelić ,&nbsp;Danica Pavlović ,&nbsp;Stefan Ivanović ,&nbsp;Marija Vasović ,&nbsp;Srećko Ćurčić","doi":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2024.104685","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2024.104685","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ground beetles possess a pair of pygidial glands that produce and release secretions that play an important role in defense against predators. The morphology of these glands and the chemical composition of their products were studied in four species of the tribe Sphodrini: <em>Calathus</em> (<em>Calathus</em>) <em>fuscipes</em> (Goeze, 1777), <em>C</em>. (<em>Neocalathus</em>) <em>cinctus</em> Motschulsky, 1850, <em>C</em>. (<em>N</em>.) <em>melanocephalus</em> (Linnaeus, 1758) and <em>Laemostenus</em> (<em>Antisphodrus</em>) <em>elongatus</em> (Dejean, 1828). The morphological analyzes of the glands of the four taxa mentioned were carried out for the first time using bright-field and nonlinear microscopy. All morphological structures were precisely measured and photographed. The pygidial gland secretions of <em>C</em>. (<em>C</em>.) <em>fuscipes</em> and <em>L</em>. (<em>A</em>.) <em>elongatus</em> were analyzed for the first time using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of 30 compounds were detected from the extracts of pygidial gland secretions of the four Sphodrini species studied. The simplest chemical mixture was found in <em>L</em>. (<em>A</em>.) <em>elongatus</em>, while the most complex secretion was that of <em>C</em>. (<em>C</em>.) <em>fuscipes</em>. 1-Undecanol, which we were able to detect in all taxa examined here, and dodecyl butyrate, which was detected in the three <em>Calathus</em> species, have never before been detected in the secretions of ground beetles.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of insect physiology","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 104685"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141893582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of parental diet on Mormon cricket egg diapause, embryonic development rate, and periodic outbreaks","authors":"Robert B. Srygley","doi":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2024.104681","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2024.104681","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Transgenerational phenotypic modification can alter organismal fitness, population demographics, and community interactions. For ectotherms, both dietary composition and temperature have important effects on organismal fitness, but they are rarely investigated together. Mormon crickets &lt;em&gt;Anabrus simplex&lt;/em&gt; are capable of diapausing as eggs in the soil for multiple years with duration largely dependent on cumulative heat units or degree days. Because Mormon crickets can be abundant in the landscape in one year and disappear suddenly the next, I asked: does parental nutrition affect the duration of egg diapause? Beginning in the ultimate nymphal instar, Mormon crickets were fed a diet high in protein, one equal in protein to carbohydrate, or a diet high in carbohydrates and the time for eggs to develop after they were laid was measured. If parental nutrition affects temperature-sensitive egg diapause, then that change in sensitivity to temperature might also alter the relationship between embryonic development rate and temperature. I asked: does parental nutrition affect embryonic development rate as a function of temperature? To this end, I manipulated densities of Mormon cricket nymphs and protein-rich prey (grasshoppers) in field cages, collected eggs from the adult Mormon crickets, and measured the optimal temperature, maximum development rate, and thermal breadth for embryonic development of the offspring. I found that Mormon crickets fed a high protein diet laid eggs with shorter diapause. Consistent with this long-term result, those housed with the most grasshoppers to eat laid eggs that had the fastest maximum development rate, whereas those without grasshoppers laid eggs with slower maximum developmental rates but the broadest thermal breadth. Eggs from Mormon crickets housed with intermediate levels of grasshopper densities had a decline in peak development rate with an increase in density. In addition, Mormon crickets housed with more conspecifics laid eggs with faster development rates, whereas thermal breadth and the temperature optima were not affected by cricket density. As predicted, Mormon cricket diets significantly affected egg diapause and development rates. Contrary to expectations based on observed changes in diet preferences during a Mormon cricket outbreak, Mormon crickets fed high protein diets laid eggs with significantly shorter egg diapause and significantly faster egg development rates. Interestingly, doubling of Mormon cricket density caused eggs to develop in nearly half the time. This latter result indicates that Mormon cricket aggregations promote rapid development of progeny. Moreover, the tight, linear structure of migratory bands in which females intermittently stop to lay eggs assures that the progeny hatch and develop in dense cohorts. In this manner, the banding behavior might carry-over into subsequent generations as long as cohorts are dense and protein is available. With band thinning or protein","PeriodicalId":16189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of insect physiology","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 104681"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141839020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Macronutrient regulation in nymphs of the two-spotted cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)","authors":"Woomin Kwon ,&nbsp;Kwang Pum Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2024.104684","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2024.104684","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Crickets have been extensively studied in recent insect nutritional research, but it remains largely unexplored how they balance the intake of multiple nutrients. Here, we used the nutritional geometry framework to examine the behavioural and physiological regulation of dietary protein and carbohydrate in nymphs of the two-spotted cricket, <em>Gryllus bimaculatus</em> (Orthoptera: Gryllidae). Growth, intake, utilization efficiencies, and body composition were measured from the eighth instar nymphs that received either food pairs or single foods with differing protein and carbohydrate content. When food choices were available, crickets preferentially selected a carbohydrate-biased protein:carbohydrate (P:C) ratio of 1:1.74. During this nutrient selection, carbohydrate intake was more tightly regulated than protein intake. When confined to nutritionally imbalanced foods, crickets adopted a nutrient balancing strategy that maximized the nutrient intake regardless of the nutrient imbalance, reflecting their omnivorous feeding habit. Intake was significantly reduced when crickets were confined to the most carbohydrate-biased food (P:C = 1:5). When nutrients were ingested in excess of the requirements, the post-ingestive utilization efficiencies of these nutrients were down-regulated, thereby buffering the impacts of nutrient imbalances on body nutrient composition. Crickets reared on the most carbohydrate-biased food (P:C = 1:5) suffered delayed development and reduced growth. Our data provide the most accurate description of nutrient regulation in <em>G. bimaculatus</em> and lay the foundation for further nutritional research in this omnivorous insect.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of insect physiology","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 104684"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141792647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic response of essential amino acid biosynthesis in Buchnera aphidicola to supplement sub-optimal host nutrition","authors":"Chloe C. Start,&nbsp;Catriona M.H. Anderson,&nbsp;Angharad M.R. Gatehouse,&nbsp;Martin G. Edwards","doi":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2024.104683","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2024.104683","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The endosymbiotic bacterium <em>Buchnera aphidicola</em> allows its host <em>Acyrthosiphon pisum</em> to utilise a nutritionally limited phloem sap diet without significant mortality by providing essential amino acids (EAAs), which it biosynthesises <em>de novo</em> via complex pathways consisting of multiple enzymes. Previous studies have reported how non-essential amino acids (NEAAs) provided by the host are utilised by <em>B. aphidicola</em>, along with how genes within the biosynthetic pathways respond to amino acid deficiency. Although the effect on <em>B. aphidicola</em> gene expression upon the removal of a single EAA and multiple NEAAs from the <em>A. pisum</em> diet has been reported, little is known about the effects of the complete simultaneous removal of multiple EAAs, especially branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). To investigate this, <em>A. pisum</em> was provided with amino acid deficient diets ilv- (lacking isoleucine, leucine, valine) or thra- (lacking threonine, methionine, lysine). Due to their involvement in the production of several amino acids, the expression of genes <em>ilvC</em>, <em>ilvD</em> (both involved in isoleucine, leucine and valine biosynthesis) and <em>thrA</em> (involved in threonine, methionine and lysine biosynthesis) was analysed and the expression of <em>trpC</em> (involved in tryptophan biosynthesis) was used as a control. Survival was reduced significantly when <em>A. pisum</em> was reared on ilv- or thra- (P &lt; 0.001 and P = 0.000 respectively) compared to optimal artificial diet and was significantly lower on ilv- (P &lt; 0.001) than thra-. This is likely attributed to the EAAs absent from ilv- being required at higher concentrations for aphid growth, than those EAAs absent from thra-. Expression of <em>ilvC</em> and <em>ilvD</em> were upregulated 2.49- and 2.08-fold (respectively) and <em>thrA</em> expression increased 2.35- and 2.12-fold when <em>A. pisum</em> was reared on ilv- and thra- (respectively). The surprisingly large upregulation of <em>thrA</em> when reared on ilv- is likely due to threonine being an intermediate in isoleucine biosynthesis. Expression of <em>trpC</em> was not affected by rearing on either of the two amino acid deficient diets. To our knowledge this study has shown, for the first time, how genes within the biosynthetic pathways of an endosymbiont respond to the simultaneous complete omission of multiple EAAs as well as all three BCAAs (leucine, isoleucine, valine), from the host diet.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of insect physiology","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 104683"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022191024000714/pdfft?md5=de3dc130983c4a9a7b9d495054151e2a&pid=1-s2.0-S0022191024000714-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141792646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment of a rapid, cost-effective, and accurate method for assessing insect sperm viability","authors":"Mika Takeshima ,&nbsp;Ayako Gotoh","doi":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2024.104682","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2024.104682","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>High-quality sperm cells are crucial to reproductive success for both males and post-mating females in animals. Sperm viability, defined as the proportion of viable sperm cells, is used as a sperm quality index and this method has provided new insights into research on reproductive strategies. Sperm viability has been assessed by fluorescent staining of sperm cells. However, current staining protocols could potentially underestimate viability due to cell damage caused by cell treatments such as high dye concentration and long time for post-mounting. In this study, we established a method that enables rapid sperm viability assessment, has low sperm cell toxicity, and provides precise results regardless of operator expertise, and cost-effective using sperm cells from an ant, <em>Crematogaster osakensis</em> (Hymenoptera). First, to shorten the time for observation of a sufficient number of sperm cells, the volume per field of view was increased by height elevation between the glass slide and the coverslip, thereby we increased the number of sperm cells in a field of view. Second, to reduce sperm cell toxicity, we optimized the minimum dye concentration and incubation time using acridine orange (AO) and Hoechst in addition to SYBR 14 and propidium iodide (PI), which has been used in most previous studies. We determined the optimal protocol to be 1 µg/mL AO and 150 µM PI without incubation. Besides, we automated counting sperm cells with ImageJ software and combined with manual correction for more accurate results. We employed the improved method for sperm samples from mealworm beetles (<em>Tenebrio molitor</em>) and silkmoths (<em>Bombyx mori</em>). This method, established through our study, will advance research on reproductive strategies, including sperm competition and sperm quality maintenance in females.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of insect physiology","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 104682"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141788341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term impacts of egg quiescence and Wolbachia infection on lipid profiles in Aedes aegypti: Ovarian roles in lipid synthesis during reproduction","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2024.104674","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2024.104674","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Wolbachia</em>, an endosymbiotic bacterium, relies on nutrients from its host to complete its life cycle. The presence of <em>Wolbachia</em> strain <em>w</em>AlbB in the mosquito <em>Aedes aegypti</em> during egg or larval stages affects the host’s development, leading to the absence of developed and visible ovaries in adult mosquito females. In this study, we investigated the impacts of egg quiescence and <em>Wolbachia</em> infection on lipid profiles of adult <em>Ae. aegypti</em> females, and discerned the role of ovaries in lipid synthesis in the reproductive process. The lipidomes of <em>Wolbachia</em> infected and uninfected female individuals at various developmental stages were quantitatively analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Lipidomic change patterns were systematically further investigated in <em>w</em>AlbB-infected fertile females and infertile females following blood feeding. Prolonged egg quiescence induced a shortage of acyl-carnitine (CAR) and potentially impacted some molecules of diacyl-phospholipid (diacyl-PL) and sphingolipid (SL) in young adult mosquitoes. After the first gonotrophic cycle, infertile females accumulated more CAR and lyso-phospholipid (lyso-PL) than fertile females. Then in the second gonotrophic cycle, the patterns of different lipid groups remained similar between fertile and infertile females. Only a small proportion of molecules of triglyceride (TG), phospholipid (lyso-PL and diacyl-PL) and ceramide (Cer) increased exclusively in fertile females from 0 h to 16 h post blood meal, suggesting that the generation or prescence of these lipids rely on ovaries. In addition, we found cardiolipins (CL) might be impacted by <em>Wolbachia</em> infection at the egg stage, and infected mosquitoes also showed distinct patterns between fertile and infertile females at their second gonotrophic cycle. Our study provides new insights into the long-term influence of <em>Wolbachia</em> on lipid profiles throughout various life stages of mosquitoes. Additionally, it suggests a role played by ovaries in lipid synthesis during mosquito reproduction.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of insect physiology","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 104674"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022191024000623/pdfft?md5=e5825931ff2b016db42b149314cb1b7d&pid=1-s2.0-S0022191024000623-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141600267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expressions of sugar transporters/trehalases in relation to PTTH-stimulated ecdysteroidogenesis in the silkworm, Bombyx mori","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2024.104672","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2024.104672","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The prothoracic gland (PG) is the source of ecdysteoids in larval insects. Although numerous studies have been conducted on signaling networks involved in prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH)-stimulated ecdysteroidogenesis in PGs, less is known about regulation of metabolism in PGs. In the present study, we investigated correlations between expressions of <em>sugar transporter</em> (<em>St)</em>/<em>trehalase</em> (<em>Treh</em>) genes and PTTH-stimulated ecdysteroidogenesis in <em>Bombyx mori</em> PGs. Our results showed that <em>in vitro</em> PTTH treatment stimulated expression of the <em>St1</em> gene, but not other transporter genes. Expression of the <em>Treh1</em> gene was also stimulated by PTTH treatment. An immunoblotting analysis showed that St1 protein levels in <em>Bombyx</em> PGs increased during the later stage of the last larval instar and were not affect by PTTH treatment. PTTH treatment enhanced Treh enzyme activity in a time-dependent manner. Blocking either extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling with U0126 or phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling with LY294002 decreased PTTH-stimulated Treh enzyme activity, indicating a link from the ERK and PI3K signaling pathways to Treh activity. Treatment with the Treh inhibitor, validamycin A, blocked PTTH-stimulated Treh enzyme activity and partially inhibited PTTH-stimulated ecdysteroidogenesis. Treatment with either a sugar transport inhibitor (cytochalasin B) or a specific glycolysis inhibitor (2-deoxy-D-glucose, 2-DG) partially inhibited PTTH-stimulated ecdysteroidogenesis. Taken together, these results indicate that increased expressions of <em>St1</em>/<em>Treh1</em> and Treh activity, which lie downstream of PTTH signaling, are involved in PTTH stimulation in <em>B. mori</em> PGs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of insect physiology","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 104672"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141563541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution and development of Drosophila melanogaster under different thermal conditions affected cell sizes and sensitivity to paralyzing hypoxia","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2024.104671","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2024.104671","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Environmental gradients cause evolutionary and developmental changes in the cellular composition of organisms, but the physiological consequences of these effects are not well understood. Here, we studied experimental populations of <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em> that had evolved in one of three selective regimes: constant 16 °C, constant 25 °C, or intergenerational shifts between 16 °C and 25 °C. Genotypes from each population were reared at three developmental temperatures (16 °C, 20.5 °C, and 25 °C). As adults, we measured thorax length and cell sizes in the Malpighian tubules and wing epithelia of flies from each combination of evolutionary and developmental temperatures. We also exposed flies from these treatments to a short period of nearly complete oxygen deprivation to measure hypoxia tolerance. For genotypes from any selective regime, development at a higher temperature resulted in smaller flies with smaller cells, regardless of the tissue. At every developmental temperature, genotypes from the warm selective regime had smaller bodies and smaller wing cells but had larger tubule cells than did genotypes from the cold selective regime. Genotypes from the fluctuating selective regime were similar in size to those from the cold selective regime, but their cells of either tissue were the smallest among the three regimes. Evolutionary and developmental treatments interactively affected a fly’s sensitivity to short-term paralyzing hypoxia. Genotypes from the cold selective regime were less sensitive to hypoxia after developing at a higher temperature. Genotypes from the other selective regimes were more sensitive to hypoxia after developing at a higher temperature. Our results show that thermal conditions can trigger evolutionary and developmental shifts in cell size, coupled with changes in body size and hypoxia tolerance. These patterns suggest links between the cellular composition of the body, levels of hypoxia within cells, and the energetic cost of tissue maintenance. However, the patterns can be only partially explained by existing theories about the role of cell size in tissue oxygenation and metabolic performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of insect physiology","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 104671"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022191024000593/pdfft?md5=90dcd85873beeba90d137b1cdc7b941b&pid=1-s2.0-S0022191024000593-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141554969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}