Journal of integrative neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"The Role of the Hippocampal P2X7R/NLRP3 Signaling Pathway in Depression-Like Behavior Induced by the Interaction Between Chronic Stress and Time in a Rat Model of Stroke.","authors":"Yi Zhang, Siyuan Wu, Wenjing Tang, Chen Yang, Yuqi Yin, Juan He, Xi Tao","doi":"10.31083/JIN40005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31083/JIN40005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Depression frequently manifests as a secondary affective disorder in individuals who have experienced a stroke. In laboratory rats subjected to stroke, prolonged exposure to chronic stress effectively replicates the physiological impairment and adverse environmental challenges encountered by stroke patients. Nevertheless, the complex mechanisms underlying these phenomena remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To elucidate the mechanisms underlying these impairments, we established a poststroke depression model by combining middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) with 70 minutes of ischemia and chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) exposure. Behavioral assessments, along with analyses of purinergic ligand-gated ion channel 7 receptor (P2X7R) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeats, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3)-associated inflammatory protein levels and peripheral blood inflammatory cytokine levels, were conducted at 1, 2 and 4 weeks post-MCAO, and the results were compared with those of rats subjected to stroke alone.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Depression-like behaviors were induced by CUMS exposure for three weeks. These changes were accompanied by significant increases in the protein levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), caspase-1, NLRP3 and Iba-1 in the hippocampus. Additionally, an increase in the fluorescence intensity of Iba-1, P2X7R, and NLRP3 in the Cornu Ammonis 1 (CA1) region was observed, along with dysregulation of plasma IL-6, IL-4, IL-10, and IL-1β levels. Importantly, the interaction of CUMS exposure and time affected behavioral scores and the levels of IL-1β. Notably, intraperitoneal administration of Brilliant blue G reversed depression-like behaviors and reduced the expression of NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18 in the affected hippocampus.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings are consistent with the involvement of P2X7R/NLRP3 signaling in hippocampal impairment and inflammation/immune dysregulation in the context of depression-like behaviors induced by CUMS. In particular, behavioral scores may be affected by the interaction between CUMS exposure and time.</p>","PeriodicalId":16160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of integrative neuroscience","volume":"24 11","pages":"40005"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145687266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Movement Sonification During Haptic Exploration Shifts Emotional Outcome Without Altering Texture Perception.","authors":"Laurence Mouchnino, Pierre-Henri Cornuault, Jenny Faucheu, Arnaud Witt, Chloé Sutter, Benjamin Weiland, Jean Blouin, Francesco Massi, Eric Chatelet, Jérémy Danna","doi":"10.31083/JIN43841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31083/JIN43841","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adding movement sonification to haptic exploration can change the perceptual outcome of a textured surface through multisensory processing. We hypothesized that auditory-evoked emotions influence the appraisal of textured surfaces, with corresponding changes reflected in cortical excitability.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twelve participants actively rubbed two different textured surfaces (slippery and rough) either without movement sonification, or with pleasant or disagreeable movement sonification.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>We found that sounds, whether agreeable or disagreeable, did not change the texture appraisal. However, the less pleasant surface was associated with a stronger negative hedonic valence, particularly when paired with disagreeable movement sonification. Time frequency analyses of electroencephalography (EEG) activities revealed a significant reduction in beta-band power [15-25 Hz] within the source-estimated sensorimotor and superior posterior parietal cortices when contrasting both pleasant and unpleasant sounds with the silent touch. This suggests that the primary somatosensory cortices together with the superior parietal regions participated in the audio-tactile binding, with both pleasant and unpleasant sounds. In addition, we observed a significant increase in beta-band power in medial visual areas, specifically when disagreeable movement sonification was paired with tactile exploration. This may reflect a disengagement of visual cortical processing, potentially amplifying auditory-driven emotional responses and intensifying the perceived unpleasantness of the explored surfaces.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results offer new insights into the neural mechanisms by which hedonic valence of auditory signals modulates emotional processing, without disrupting the perceptual analysis of texture properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":16160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of integrative neuroscience","volume":"24 10","pages":"43841"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145458870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rubiadin Alleviates Alzheimer's Disease Pathology via NF-κB Pathway Regulation.","authors":"Ying Zhang, Jia Fan, Shanji Nan, Jiaqi Pan, Wanxu Guo, Yizhi Zhang","doi":"10.31083/JIN33497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31083/JIN33497","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a severe neurodegenerative disorder that impacts the global impact on the population. Nevertheless, the intricate nature of its pathogenesis has posed significant challenges to drug discovery in this field. This study aimed to verify the therapeutic potential of rubiadin (RB) on AD through both <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> experiments, thereby facilitating translational research for the advancement of AD treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We investigated the neuroprotective effects of RB on AD using both <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> models. Immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis were employed to evaluate inflammatory factors and the Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway in Mo/HuAPP695swe (APP)/PS1-dE9 (PS1) mice and N2a cells.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>RB enhanced the memory performance of APP/PS1 mice in various tests, including the Morris water maze, step-down and step-through passive avoidance tasks, and novel object recognition. RB reduced the accumulation of Amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques, as shown by immunohistochemical analysis. It also decreased the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), while increasing the release of IL-4. Additionally, RB inhibited the NF-κB pathway, as demonstrated by western blot. Moreover, a cell viability test showed that RB protected N2a cells against toxicity caused by Aβ_1-42 through a cell viability test. Western blot analysis revealed that neuroinflammation and the NF-κB pathway were inhibited by RB treatment in Aβ_1-42-induced N2a cells. Accordingly, RB suppressed the nuclear translocation of NF-κB in Aβ_1-42-induced N2a cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results provide experimental evidence supporting the preclinical research and future clinical applications of RB, thereby facilitating the development of new drugs for AD clinical therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":16160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of integrative neuroscience","volume":"24 10","pages":"33497"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145458966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chd8 Deficiency in Zebrafish Causes Autism-Like Behavioral Deficits.","authors":"Han-Tsing Wang, Xiao-Tong Fu, Ye-Fan Wang, Ling-Yan Liu, Zhi-Zhi Liu, Hong A Xu","doi":"10.31083/JIN44414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31083/JIN44414","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with strong genetic and environmental components. Despite progress made over the past decades, no effective therapies targeting the core symptoms of ASD are currently available. More research is required to explore the underlying mechanisms of ASD and discover potential therapeutic targets. Chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 8 (<i>CHD8</i>) is one of the most significant high-confidence ASD risk genes identified to date. However, the precise roles and mechanisms of <i>CHD8</i> in neurodevelopment and behaviors remain incompletely understood. Zebrafish represent an emerging model organism for ASD research. While several zebrafish models with <i>Chd8</i> disruption have been established, behavioral consequences have not been thoroughly characterized.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Leveraging the high survival rate of homozygous <i>Chd8</i> mutant males, we comprehensively assessed their behaviors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mutants exhibited social deficits across multiple assays, including shoaling, social interaction and three-chamber social preference test. Additionally, anxiety-like behavior, locomotor coordination deficits, and macrocephaly were observed. These phenotypes closely resemble the symptoms in patients carrying disruptive <i>CHD8</i> mutations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings establish this <i>Chd8</i> mutant zebrafish line as a robust model for investigating ASD pathological mechanisms and screening for potential therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":16160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of integrative neuroscience","volume":"24 10","pages":"44414"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145458838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Crucial Role of Cerebellar Crus I in Electroacupuncture Pretreatment for Attenuating Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.","authors":"Yan Wu, Wen-Jing Shao, Hui-Min Chang, Qi Shu, Xiang Zhou, Bin Zhang, Ling Hu, Nai-Xuan Wei, Fan Zhang, Rong-Lin Cai, Qing Yu","doi":"10.31083/JIN44383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31083/JIN44383","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Electroacupuncture pretreatment (EA-pre) has been shown to help reduce myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI), but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Our previous studies indicated that EA activates the cerebellar cortex, specifically the Crus Ⅰ. However, whether activation of the Crus Ⅰ contributes to the attenuation of MIRI induced by EA-pre remains unclear. This study investigated the possible relationship between EA-induced relief of MIRI and the activation of Crus Ⅰ.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Electrocardiogram recording, echocardiography, and cardiac histology staining were used to assess the heart's functional status. <i>In vivo</i> electrophysiological recordings, Fos-targeted recombination in active populations (Fos-TRAP) gene-labeling technology and chemogenetic viral modulation were used to explore the effects of Crus Ⅰ activation in EA-pre on MIRI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>In vivo</i> electrophysiological recordings demonstrated that Crus Ⅰ plays a crucial role in EA-pre by modulating sympathetic activity to alleviate MIRI. Subsequent Fos-TRAP studies showed that EA stimulation primarily induces changes in the neuronal activity of Crus Ⅰ Purkinje cells (Crus Ⅰ^PC). Chemogenetic viral manipulations further verified that EA-pre suppresses PC activity in MIRI.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>EA-pre mitigated cardiac sympathetic nerve dysfunction during MIRI by regulating Crus Ⅰ^PC activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":16160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of integrative neuroscience","volume":"24 10","pages":"44383"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145458988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Functional Connectivity of Resting-state EEG in Adolescent Major Depressive Disorder.","authors":"Yanna Kou, Yajing Si, Lu Liu, Juan Li, Yan Zhang, Wenqiang Li, Junlei Zhang, Chuansheng Wang, Hongxing Zhang","doi":"10.31083/JIN42821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31083/JIN42821","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to explore the potential relationship between resting-state brain network attributes and adolescent major depressive disorder (MDD), with a focus on understanding how resting-state electroencephalogram (EEG) network features correlate with Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) scores, and to identify potential physiological biomarkers for predicting HAMD scores in adolescents with MDD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adolescent MDD presents unique neurodevelopmental challenges, yet the neurophysiological correlates of symptom severity remain poorly characterized. This study investigated resting-state EEG network topology and its relationship with HAMD scores in adolescent MDD, aiming to identify potential neural biomarkers for depression severity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MDD patients exhibited significantly enhanced frontal-parietal connectivity compared with healthy controls (HC) (<i>p</i> < 0.05, false discovery rate (FDR)-corrected). HAMD scores correlated positively with coefficient (Clu) (r = 0.401), global efficiency (Ge) (r = 0.408), and local efficiency (Le) (r = 0.402), while showing a negative correlation with characteristic path length (Cpl) (r = -0.408; all PFDR < 0.05). The regression model achieved strong prediction accuracy (R² = 0.38, <i>p</i> < 0.001; root mean square error (RMSE) = 2.83), and network features distinguished MDD from HC with 94% classification accuracy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These preliminary findings deepen our understanding of adolescents with MDD and suggest that resting-state brain network attributes in the alpha band may serve as a potential physiological biomarker for predicting HAMD scores.</p>","PeriodicalId":16160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of integrative neuroscience","volume":"24 10","pages":"42821"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145458831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dysregulation of Thyroid, Growth, and Appetite Hormones in Children and Adolescents With Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Meta-analysis.","authors":"Hong Wang, Kun Huang, Lizhen Piao, Xiaochen Xue","doi":"10.31083/JIN39816","DOIUrl":"10.31083/JIN39816","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neurodevelopmental disorders [NDDs, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and tic disorder] usually arise during childhood or adolescence, but impact quality of life throughout the whole life cycle. Therefore, early diagnosis of NDDs is necessary; however, its etiology remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate levels of thyroid, growth, and appetite hormones between children and adolescents with NDDs and healthy controls (HCs) by a meta-analysis of all evidence that demonstrated the importance of these indicators, but yielded controversial results.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Five online databases were searched to retrieve relevant articles published before March 1, 2025. Mean and standard deviation data were collected and pooled using Stata 15.0 software to generate standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) as the effect size (ES) measure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-four studies were included. The overall meta-analysis, subgroup, and trim-and-fill adjusting revealed that compared with HCs, levels of thyroid hormone free triiodothyronine (FT3) (SMD = 0.22; 95% CI = 0.04 to 0.40; <i>p</i>_ES = 0.015), total triiodothyronine (TT3) (SMD = 0.82; 95% CI = 0.36 to 1.28; <i>p</i>_ES < 0.001), and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab) (SMD = 0.37; 95% CI = 0.08 to 0.67; <i>p</i>_ES = 0.014) were significantly increased, while free thyroxine (FT4) (SMD = -0.67; 95% CI = -0.69 to -0.64; <i>p</i>_ES < 0.001), total thyroxine (TT4) (SMD = -0.35; 95% CI = -0.50 to -0.20; <i>p</i>_ES < 0.001), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) (SMD = -0.22; 95% CI = -0.41 to -0.03; <i>p</i>_ES = 0.026) were significantly decreased in children and adolescents with NDDs. These changes were mainly observed in ADHD patients, with TPO-Ab increased only in ASD patients. Levels of the appetite hormone leptin were significantly elevated in male NDDs (SMD = 0.74; 95% CI = 0.10 to 1.38; <i>p</i>_ES = 0.023) and ASD patients (SMD = 0.46; 95% CI = 0.17 to 0.74; <i>p</i>_ES = 0.002) relative to HCs, but not in ADHD cases. Growth factor IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor-1) was only significantly lower in the cerebrospinal fluids of ASD patients when compared with HCs (SMD = -0.89; 95% CI = -1.42 to -0.36; <i>p</i>_ES = 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Thyroid hormones and IGF-1/leptin may respectively represent promising biomarkers for predicting ADHD and ASD in children and adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":16160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of integrative neuroscience","volume":"24 10","pages":"39816"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145458908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pure-Tone Frequency Discrimination and Auditory Functional Connectivity in Developmental Dyslexia.","authors":"Tihomir Taskov, Juliana Dushanova","doi":"10.31083/JIN42398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31083/JIN42398","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;In previous studies, children with developmental dyslexia (DD) have been found to exhibit alterations in auditory sampling within the delta/theta and low-frequency gamma bands in auditory cortical areas during the initial processing stages, which affects the development of phonological skills. It has been suggested that auditory frequency discrimination measures sensory processing in language disorders such as DD. However, it is unclear how the pure-tone frequency discrimination task can detect abnormalities in functional connectivity in DD.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We investigated local and global topological properties of functional networks in electroencephalographic (EEG) frequency bands from δ to γ2 based on a small-world propensity (SWP) model. This was done in both groups during pure-tone frequency discrimination.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Auditory α-, β-, and γ1-networks in the DD group were more integrated and less segregated than those of the control group. They were also not as functionally specialized, as indicated by larger deviations in characteristic path lengths and smaller deviations in clustering. The balanced segregation and integration (moderate clustering and path length) observed in the control group's γ2-network may explain the optimal structure underlying their better performance. In the low-tone auditory θ- and γ2-frequency networks, the DD group, when compared with controls, lacked hubs in the inferior frontal cortex (IFC) and parietal connectivity to sensory areas. In the control group, however, the superior parietal lobes (SPL) mediated sensory connections. In the high-tone auditory network, only the controls had strong hubs in the right sensorimotor/auditory cortex (δ-frequency), bilateral IFC (γ1), and bilateral anterior temporal cortex (aITG, γ2), while the main hubs in the DD group were only in the left hemisphere. In the γ1 (high-tone) and γ2 (both tones) networks, controls showed strong right frontal-parietal-sensory hubs, which were lacking in the DD group during the task discrimination.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;The impairment in low-tone discrimination in the DD group is due to a lack of SPL-prefrontal connectivity within the auditory network. For high-tone discrimination, the DD group showed engagement of only the left-sided auditory network, with bilateral prefrontal recruitment (δ-network). In contrast, the SPL in the control group integrates sensory input for tone prediction, establishing tone-specific sensory/auditory connections with left prefrontal involvement (δ-network). Lower predictability for high tones in the DD group led to more localized processing with prefrontal influence. Overall, reduced frontotemporal connectivity in the DD group may indicate poorer auditory processing. This is likely due to impaired prefrontal-sensory communication and reduced interhemispheric auditory communication, which may underlie perceptual-cognitive biases in ton","PeriodicalId":16160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of integrative neuroscience","volume":"24 10","pages":"42398"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145458885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FA-UNet: A FasterNet and Attention-Gated Hybrid Network for Precise Ischemic Stroke Segmentation.","authors":"Ishak Pacal, Ali Algarni, Bilal Bayram, Suat Ince","doi":"10.31083/JIN40100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31083/JIN40100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Accurate and timely segmentation of ischemic stroke lesions from diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is crucial for diagnosis and treatment planning. Manual segmentation is labor-intensive, time-consuming, and prone to inter-observer variability. This study aims to develop and validate a novel deep learning framework that overcomes the common trade-off between high segmentation accuracy and the computational efficiency required for practical clinical use.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We developed FasterNet and Attention-Gated UNet (FA-UNet), a hybrid U-Net-based architecture. The model's design features two key innovations: a computationally efficient FasterNet block at the bottleneck to capture global lesion context and multi-scale attention gates (MSAGs) on the skip connections to adaptively refine features and suppress noise. The model was trained and validated on the public Ischemic Stroke Lesion Segmentation (ISLES) 2022 dataset (n = 250 patients) and its performance was assessed on an independent, private test set of 600 DWI scans from 80 patients. FA-UNet's performance was benchmarked against several state-of-the-art U-Net variants using the Dice coefficient, Intersection over Union (IoU), sensitivity, and precision as primary outcome measures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>On the independent test set (n = 80), the proposed FA-UNet model achieved a Dice coefficient of 0.8676 and an IoU of 0.7584. This performance surpassed all benchmarked architectures, including U-Net, U-Net3plus, and CMU-Net. Compared with the next best performing model, this represents a relative improvement of approximately 1.64% in the Dice score and 1.42% in IoU.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The FA-UNet architecture establishes a new state-of-the-art performance benchmark for automated ischemic stroke segmentation. By effectively balancing high accuracy with computational efficiency, it offers a robust, reliable, and clinically viable tool.</p>","PeriodicalId":16160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of integrative neuroscience","volume":"24 10","pages":"40100"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145458877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathophysiological Divergence Between Vascular and Post-Stroke Dementia: Bridging Human and Experimental Perspectives.","authors":"Ji Hyeon Ahn, Myoung Cheol Shin, Dae Won Kim, Ki-Yeon Yoo, Moo-Ho Won","doi":"10.31083/JIN45565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31083/JIN45565","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vascular dementia (VaD) and post-stroke dementia (PSD) are two leading subtypes of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI), each arising from distinct cerebrovascular pathologies. VaD typically results from chronic cerebral hypoperfusion and small vessel disease, leading to progressive executive dysfunction and white matter degradation. In contrast, PSD occurs following acute ischemic events and is frequently associated with hippocampal damage and episodic memory deficits. This review delineates the pathophysiological divergence between VaD and PSD by integrating findings from human clinical studies and preclinical animal models. While rodent models of chronic hypoperfusion replicate key features of VaD, such as oligodendrocyte injury and myelin loss, transient ischemia models-particularly middle cerebral artery occlusion-capture hallmark PSD features, including excitotoxic neuronal death, blood-brain barrier disruption, and glial activation. Emerging research also highlights the involvement of neurovascular unit dysfunction, inflammation-driven neurodegeneration, and region-specific synaptic alterations. Recognizing these mechanistic differences is critical for advancing diagnostic precision, identifying therapeutic windows, and improving translational relevance. Furthermore, the review underscores the need for aged and comorbid animal models, integration of human biomarker studies, and implementation of novel therapies targeting endothelial function, glial reactivity, and cognitive plasticity. Through this comparative approach, we propose a unified framework to guide future investigations and interventions across the spectrum of VCI.</p>","PeriodicalId":16160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of integrative neuroscience","volume":"24 10","pages":"45565"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145458862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}