Journal of International Medical Research最新文献

{"title":"Perceptions regarding the use of cannabis in orthopaedics for treating musculoskeletal joint pain: A survey of arthritis patients.","authors":"Marko Gjorgjievski, Kim Madden, Daniel Tushinski, Anthony Adili, Conner Bullen, Frank Koziarz, Alex Koziarz, Lauren de Freitas, Silvia Li, Mohit Bhandari, Herman Johal","doi":"10.1177/03000605261438343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03000605261438343","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is renewed interest in investigating the analgesic properties of cannabis for musculoskeletal joint pain; however, available data remain limited. This cross-sectional study was designed with the objective of evaluating patients' perceptions regarding the effect of cannabis on arthritis pain. Patients with arthritis pain presenting at one of three orthopedic clinics were asked to complete the study questionnaire. Outcomes were the perceived effect of cannabis on arthritic pain (measured using the continuous visual analog scale, with scores ranging from 0% to 100%) and association between preferences, attitudes, and barriers to the clinical use of cannabis for arthritic pain (evaluated using multivariable linear regression analyses). Sample size was also calculated using multivariable regression analysis. The study included 406 patients, including 105 (26.3%) who had already previously used cannabis for medical purposes and 63 (15.8%) who had used it during the past year. Approximately one-third of the patients who were prescribed opioids (78/256, 30.5%) had used them in the last week. On an average, patients stated that cannabis could treat 53.6% ± 2.6% of their pain (95% confidence interval = 51.1%-56.1%) and helped them replace 50.4% ± 3.2% of their analgesic medications (95% confidence interval = 47.2%-53.6%). Additionally, 88.8% of the patients (135/152) believed that cannabis would aid pain management. Individuals who had used cannabis for medical purposes (odds ratio = 7.2, 95% confidence interval = 1.6-12.8, <i>p</i> = 0.001) and patients reporting more severe baseline pain (β = 0.2 per point, 95% confidence interval = 0.1-0.3, <i>p</i> = 0.012) were more likely to report meaningful pain improvement. A quarter of the patients with arthritis already used cannabis, and many patients regarded cannabis as an effective pain treatment option. Patient preferences regarding administration and distribution, timing, and indications may help inform clinicians regarding the optimal utilization of cannabis in patients with joint and arthritis pain.</p>","PeriodicalId":16129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Medical Research","volume":"54 5","pages":"3000605261438343"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147839114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atrichia with papular lesions in Syrian siblings exposing global diagnostic challenges in genetic alopecia: A rare case report.","authors":"Nabeha Haytham Alibrahim, Ayham Qatza, Abdullah Dukhan, Mohammad Almoustafa, Thaer Douri","doi":"10.1177/03000605261446471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03000605261446471","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Atrichia with papular lesions is a rare autosomal recessive genodermatosis characterized by complete, irreversible hair loss that typically begins in infancy and is often misdiagnosed due to phenotypic similarity to other forms of alopecia. A 4-year-old male patient presented with complete hair loss since infancy, with absent eyebrows and eyelashes and no evidence of regrowth. His younger sister exhibited identical features, consistent with a history of consanguinity in the family. Physical examination revealed smooth skin and multiple firm, painless, keratotic papules (2-3 mm) on the scalp and cheeks. A 4-mm punch biopsy demonstrated an absence of mature hair follicles, replaced by keratin-filled cysts without significant inflammation. These histopathological findings, together with the clinical presentation, supported a high-likelihood diagnosis of atrichia with papular lesions. Established diagnostic criteria supported this assessment even in the absence of human hairless gene testing, particularly in consanguineous families in resource-limited settings. The family received counseling regarding the irreversible nature of the condition and was offered psychological support. This case highlights the diagnostic challenges encountered in resource-limited settings and proposes a clinical framework that prioritizes heightened clinical awareness and targeted screening in high-risk populations, including consanguineous families with a history of atrichia with papular lesions or other autosomal recessive skin disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":16129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Medical Research","volume":"54 5","pages":"3000605261446471"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147856217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of robot-assisted task-oriented training on upper limb function and activities of daily living in patients with stroke: A systematic review.","authors":"Yong-Ho Cho, Myoung-Ho Lee, Yong-Jun Cha","doi":"10.1177/03000605261446490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03000605261446490","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveThis study was undertaken to systematically examine the effects of robot-assisted, task-oriented training on upper limb function and activities of daily living in patients with stroke.MethodsA systematic search was conducted across PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, CINAHL, and Ovid LWW databases in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines, including literature published from 2014 to 2025. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials that compared an experimental group receiving robot-assisted task-oriented training with a control group undergoing conventional treatment or alternative interventions and evaluated upper limb function and activities of daily living outcomes. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale was used to assess the methodological quality of the literature. This systematic review was registered with the Open Science Framework (DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/4DT6G).ResultsTen studies were included in the analysis. Robot-assisted interventions consistently improved upper extremity motor function, particularly when implemented as an adjunct to conventional therapy or integrated with advanced technologies such as functional electrical stimulation. However, activities of daily living-related improvements varied across studies, and functional improvements were confirmed in only three studies. The effectiveness of robotic intervention depended on the intervention modality, stroke phase, and technological integration.ConclusionsRobot-assisted task-oriented training can effectively improve upper limb function in patients with stroke, and in some cases, combining it with conventional therapy may produce synergistic effects. Nevertheless, evidence regarding improvements in activities of daily living and long-term maintenance effects remains limited. Further high-quality randomized trials focusing on optimizing specific clinical dimensions and facilitating the transfer of motor recovery to activities of daily living are required.</p>","PeriodicalId":16129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Medical Research","volume":"54 5","pages":"3000605261446490"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147856256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a nomogram for predicting the risk of potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults: A retrospective cross-sectional study.","authors":"Weiwei Qi, Wang Zhang, Jiucui Tong, Zhen Chen","doi":"10.1177/03000605261443912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03000605261443912","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveTo analyze the prevalence of potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults and develop a nomogram for predicting the individualized risk for potentially inappropriate medication use.MethodsA retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using prescription data from older adults who visited the Hefei Third People's Hospital between May 2022 and May 2024. The 2019 Beers Criteria and Chinese criteria for Determining Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults in China were used to identify potentially inappropriate medication use. We conducted univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to identify the factors associated with potentially inappropriate medication use and developed a nomogram model to predict the individualized risk of potentially inappropriate medication use.ResultsAmong the 475 older adults included, 195 (41.05%) had at least one incidence of potentially inappropriate medication use (total 288 occurrences). Medications considered as potentially inappropriate were most commonly used (88.72%), followed by medications to be used with caution (6.67%), potentially inappropriate drug-drug interactions (1.54%), and medications potentially inappropriate for patients with certain diseases or syndromes (2.05%). Benzodiazepines, rapid/short-acting insulin, proton pump inhibitors, and amitriptyline were the most frequently used potentially inappropriate medications. Independent risk factors for potentially inappropriate medication use included: (a) age ≥70 years; (b) diabetes mellitus; (c) hypertension; (d) coronary heart disease; (e) sleep disorders; (f) ≥3 comorbidities; and (g) use of ≥4 medications. The nomogram showed moderate discriminative ability (concordance index =0.738) with good calibration and minimal overfitting.ConclusionAdvanced age, multiple chronic conditions, and polypharmacy are key predictors of potentially inappropriate medication in older adults. Enhanced monitoring and personalized medication management may help reduce the risk of potentially inappropriate medication use in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":16129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Medical Research","volume":"54 5","pages":"3000605261443912"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147839056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Persistent primitive trigeminal artery cavernous sinus fistula coexisting with left vertebral artery dissecting aneurysm: A case report.","authors":"Cheng-Cai Wen, Rui-Shu Jiang, Shi-Jie Wen","doi":"10.1177/03000605261445219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03000605261445219","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 41-years-old woman presented with left-sided headache, diplopia, and ptosis of the left eyelid. Cerebral computed tomography angiography revealed a left persistent primitive trigeminal artery cavernous sinus fistula and a dissecting aneurysm in the V4 segment of the left vertebral artery. Digital subtraction angiography confirmed the diagnosis. The fistula was successfully occluded using dual-microcatheter coil embolization combined with Onyx-18 injection, assisted by balloon protection of the internal carotid artery. The vertebral artery dissecting aneurysm was managed conservatively by administering dual antiplatelet therapy (aspirin (100 mg/day) and clopidogrel (75 mg/day) for 3 months). Follow-up imaging at 11 months demonstrated complete resolution of the aneurysm.</p>","PeriodicalId":16129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Medical Research","volume":"54 5","pages":"3000605261445219"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147839121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The real diagnostic value of serum iron in iron deficiency anemia among patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A retrospective study.","authors":"Jing-Tong Tang, Xi Wang, Hui Chen, Guo-Bin He","doi":"10.1177/03000605261445313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03000605261445313","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;ObjectiveThe diagnostic utility of serum iron in identifying iron deficiency anemia among patients with inflammatory bowel disease remains underreported. This study aimed to evaluate the true diagnostic value of serum iron.MethodsA total of 160 patients with iron deficiency anemia from a grade-A general hospital in Sichuan Province between January 2022 and January 2025 were enrolled. Eighty patients with inflammatory bowel disease and iron deficiency anemia were included in the test group, while 80 patients with iron deficiency anemia without inflammation were included in the control group. Iron metabolism parameters, including serum iron and serum ferritin, complete blood count indices, and biochemical markers, were collected and compared. Differences in diagnosing iron deficiency anemia using serum iron and serum ferritin among patients with inflammatory bowel disease were compared using the chi-square test. Spearman correlation analysis was performed among serum iron, serum ferritin, and other indicators. Meanwhile, potential factors affecting serum iron levels were investigated using linear regression, and the significance of serum iron in diagnosing inflammatory bowel disease with iron deficiency was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic curve.ResultsAmong patients with inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease showed no significant differences in serum iron and serum ferritin levels. The real clinical results showed that when using 1-6.6 times the lower limit of normal of serum ferritin as a threshold to diagnose patients with inflammatory bowel disease and iron deficiency anemia, a statistically significant difference was observed compared with the serum iron lower limit of 1 time (p&lt;i&gt; &lt; &lt;/i&gt;0.01). The positivity rate of iron deficiency anemia was 88.75% (71/80) for serum iron and 61.25% (49/80) for 3.3-time serum ferritin. Correlation analysis revealed that serum iron was positively correlated with serum ferritin (&lt;i&gt;r &lt;/i&gt;=&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;0.263, p&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;=&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;0.018) and negatively correlated with most inflammatory parameters (p&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that when serum iron was used as the dependent variable, the optimal regression model with the independent variables serum ferritin, hemoglobin, platelet count, and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio had regression coefficients (&lt;i&gt;β&lt;/i&gt;) of 0.246, 0.231, -0.405, and -0.187, respectively, all of which were significantly different (p&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;0.05). Moreover, according to the European Crohn's and Colitis Organization diagnostic criteria for iron deficiency, patients with inflammatory bowel disease were divided into an iron deficiency group involving 41 patients and a non-iron deficiency group involving 39 patients. By comparing the parameters of the two groups and constructing the receiver operating characteristic curve, serum iron alone yielded the highest Youden index and the largest area under the curve","PeriodicalId":16129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Medical Research","volume":"54 5","pages":"3000605261445313"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147839143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical, imaging characteristics, and outcomes of neuropsychiatric lupus patient admitted to a referral neurology hospital in Bangladesh: A prospective study.","authors":"S K Jakaria Been Sayeed, Moniruzzaman M, Reaz Mahmud, Sabrina Rahman, Tuhfie Jannat, Rahman Mm","doi":"10.1177/03000605261444928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03000605261444928","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveThis study aimed to describe the clinical and neuroimaging characteristics and 120-day outcomes in neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus patients.MethodsThis prospective study involved 32 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus who presented with neuropsychiatric symptoms. The Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 was used to evaluate disease activity. Standard treatments were administered, and patients were followed up for 120 days. Outcomes were assessed in terms of remission, partial remission, and mortality.ResultsThe most prevalent neuroimaging characteristics were microhemorrhage in eight patients (25%), hemorrhagic infarct in four patients (12%), and ischemic infarct in four patients (12%). Additionally, magnetic resonance angiography of the cerebral artery revealed a beaded appearance in the middle cerebral artery or its branches in nine patients (28%). Magnetic resonance venography showed a filling defect, narrowing, and irregularity of the superior sagittal and transverse sinus in five patients (16%). Upon admission, the mean Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 score was 24 (SD = 9). After receiving standard treatment, complete remission occurred in 24 patients (75%) and partial remission in 7 patients (22%), with a median Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 score of 2 (interquartile range = 1-4.5) at 120 days, <i>p</i> = 0.02.ConclusionMagnetic resonance angiography of cerebral vessels helps confirm vasculitis. Patients generally experience satisfactory outcome with standard treatment at 4 months.</p>","PeriodicalId":16129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Medical Research","volume":"54 5","pages":"3000605261444928"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147839051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality of life impairment in vitiligo: A comprehensive review of psychosocial and clinical determinants.","authors":"Alice Ferreira Da Costa, Hasan Ashkanani, César Ferreira, Tiago Torres","doi":"10.1177/03000605261444465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03000605261444465","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vitiligo is a chronic depigmenting disorder that imposes a substantial psychological, social, and economic burden, extending beyond its physical manifestations. This narrative review synthesizes and critically evaluates current evidence on the determinants of quality of life impairment among individuals with vitiligo. A review of the published literature was conducted, focusing on studies evaluating health-related quality of life, psychosocial outcomes, stigma, psychiatric comorbidities, and validated quality of life assessment instruments in patients with vitiligo. Evidence from systematic reviews, cohort studies, cross-sectional analyses, and instrument validation studies was examined to identify the clinical, demographic, and sociocultural factors associated with disease burden. Across studies, vitiligo was consistently associated with significant impairment in psychological and social domains of quality of life. Disease visibility, particularly involvement of the face or genital regions; greater body surface area involvement; active disease progression; and longer disease duration emerged as key clinical factors associated with worse outcomes. Several demographic and sociocultural characteristics, including female sex, younger age, darker skin phototype, unmarried status, and residence in highly stigmatizing cultural environments, were also associated with greater quality of life impairment. Depression and anxiety were more frequently reported in individuals with vitiligo than in the general population, with pediatric and adolescent patients demonstrating particularly high vulnerability. Although dermatology-specific instruments such as the Dermatology Life Quality Index are commonly used in research and clinical practice, vitiligo-specific tools may more accurately capture stigma, social participation limitations, and disease-specific psychosocial impact. Overall, the available evidence indicates that vitiligo imposes a profound psychosocial burden that often exceeds the objective clinical severity of depigmentation. Quality of life impairment appears to be driven primarily by lesion visibility, sociocultural context, and psychological comorbidity rather than symptom severity alone. These findings underscore the importance of incorporating validated quality of life assessment tools into routine clinical care, screening for psychiatric comorbidities, and adopting culturally sensitive and patient-centered approaches to vitiligo management.</p>","PeriodicalId":16129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Medical Research","volume":"54 5","pages":"3000605261444465"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147839064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brucellar spondylodiscitis mimicking lumbar discectomy with cauda equina syndrome: A case report.","authors":"Xicun Han, Guowu Chen","doi":"10.1177/03000605261446116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03000605261446116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brucellar spondylodiscitis frequently poses diagnostic challenges due to its atypical early clinical manifestations, which may mimic degenerative spinal diseases. This report described a 42-year-old male patient who initially presented with severe low back pain and acute cauda equina syndrome and was preoperatively diagnosed with lumbar disc herniation. Emergency lumbar decompression was performed; however, the patient later developed fever and systemic symptoms. Repeated serological testing confirmed brucellosis. The early clinical, laboratory, and imaging features were nonspecific, and initial inflammatory markers and bacterial cultures were negative. Empirical levofloxacin may have masked inflammatory responses. This case highlights the importance of maintaining high index of suspicion for brucellar spondylodiscitis in endemic regions, even in the absence of systemic signs of infection. Repeat serologic testing, careful radiological evaluation, and attention to epidemiological exposure are critical for early and accurate diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":16129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Medical Research","volume":"54 5","pages":"3000605261446116"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147839126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bracketless three-dimensional orthodontic treatment using coated nickel-titanium E-wires for mild-moderate anterior crowding: A case report with 6-month follow-up.","authors":"Nataly N Alqaisi, Rania A Hadad, Mohamed Najati Alsilq","doi":"10.1177/03000605261444867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03000605261444867","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, interest in esthetics has increased considerably, resulting in a growing demand for invisible orthodontic appliances, particularly among adolescents and adults. Bracketless orthodontic treatment is an advanced orthodontic approach that uses coated archwires and composite resin, applied with precision using three-dimensional technology. This method may offer an effective alternative to conventional bracket-based systems in certain cases. This single-case report described a clinical case of skeletal and dental Class I malocclusion characterized by moderate lower dental crowding (4.5 mm); midline shift; a dental crossbite involving teeth 14, 15, and 25; and an increased mandibular incisor inclination (lower incisor to mandibular plane = 104°). This condition was managed using the three-dimensional bracketless orthodontic treatment technique. This technique represents an advanced esthetic approach designed for individuals who prioritize dental appearance. It may reduce anterior teeth proclination by acting from the lingual side and may shorten treatment duration in cases of mild to moderate crowding, ensuring faster and more efficient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Medical Research","volume":"54 5","pages":"3000605261444867"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147839135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}