Journal of International Medical Research最新文献

{"title":"Electron transfer flavoprotein subunit beta suppresses hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes.","authors":"Jing Liu","doi":"10.1177/03000605261444866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03000605261444866","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the role of the electron transfer flavoprotein subunit beta in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.MethodsAn <i>in vitro</i> ischemia-reperfusion model was established in H9c2 cardiomyocytes using hypoxia/reoxygenation. Myocardial injury was assessed by measuring the levels of creatine kinase-MB, cardiac troponin I, cardiac troponin T, and lactate dehydrogenase. Apoptosis was evaluated via terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling staining and Annexin V-PE/7-AAD flow cytometry. Mitochondrial morphology was observed via transmission electron microscopy, while mitochondrial function was assessed by measuring reactive oxygen species and membrane potential. Oxidative stress markers and apoptosis-related proteins were also assessed.ResultsHypoxia/reoxygenation treatment significantly increased the levels of myocardial injury markers and downregulated electron transfer flavoprotein subunit beta expression. The model group exhibited enhanced apoptosis, impaired mitochondrial structure, elevated reactive oxygen species levels, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, and increased oxidative stress. Overexpression of electron transfer flavoprotein subunit beta effectively reversed these changes: it reduced the injury markers, decreased apoptosis, improved mitochondrial morphology and function, attenuated oxidative stress, and modulated the expression of apoptosis-related proteins.ConclusionsElectron transfer flavoprotein subunit beta protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction, reducing oxidative stress, and inhibiting apoptosis, identifying it as a potential therapeutic target.</p>","PeriodicalId":16129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Medical Research","volume":"54 5","pages":"3000605261444866"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147856292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Body composition indices align with thyroid variation in euthyroid Saudi adults: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Deemah S Alrajhi, Sara Ai-Musharaf, Tagreed A Mazi, Madhawi Aldhwayan, Mahmoud Abolmeaty, Ghadeer S Aljuraiban","doi":"10.1177/03000605261444581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03000605261444581","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveAlthough associations between obesity and thyroid function have been widely reported, few studies have examined euthyroid (clinically normal) adults using both bioelectrical impedance-derived body composition measures and clinically accessible central adiposity markers in the same analysis, particularly Saudi adults in sex-stratified models. We examined the associations between thyroid function (evaluated using thyroid-stimulating hormone, free thyroxine, and free triiodothyronine) and body composition in Saudi adults, considering sex-specific patterns.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional analysis including 551 euthyroid adults (aged ≥18 years, 59% men). Anthropometric characteristics and body composition parameters were evaluated. Serum thyroid-stimulating hormone, free triiodothyronine, and free thyroxine levels were measured. Correlations and logistic regression analyses were used to assess associations. Participants were categorized as having high thyroid-stimulating hormone, low free thyroxine, or low free triiodothyronine levels for an assessment of their obesity risk.ResultsLow free thyroxine levels were associated with higher odds of obesity, as classified using body mass index (odds ratio = 1.85; 95% confidence interval, 1.09-3.10) and waist circumference (odds ratio = 2.68; 95% confidence interval, 1.21-6.20). High thyroid-stimulating hormone levels alone demonstrated a limited association to obesity risk. However, in women, high thyroid-stimulating hormone levels were strongly associated with central obesity. In men, low free thyroxine level was the more prominent predictor, associated with increased odds of elevated waist circumference. Free triiodothyronine levels were positively correlated with lean body mass and negatively with fat percentage, as indicated by higher free triiodothyronine levels in individuals with more muscle and less fat.ConclusionsGreater adiposity was associated with higher thyroid-stimulating hormone and lower free thyroxine levels in our population. These relationships differed by sex; the association of elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone levels with adiposity was more pronounced in women, whereas a stronger inverse free thyroxine-obesity link was observed in men.</p>","PeriodicalId":16129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Medical Research","volume":"54 5","pages":"3000605261444581"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147839061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergency nephrectomy for fulminant emphysematous pyelonephritis mimicking gastroenteritis: A case report.","authors":"Wenhao Chu, Guanqun Wang, Songbai Yan, Jiale Deng, Mengying Liao, Liangkuan Bi, Xing Fu","doi":"10.1177/03000605261444872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03000605261444872","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Emphysematous pyelonephritis is a rare, life-threatening necrotizing infection that is typically characterized by classic urinary symptoms. However, it is exceptionally rare for emphysematous pyelonephritis to manifest with predominant gastrointestinal symptoms, a deceptive mimicry that often masks the underlying renal pathology and leads to significant diagnostic delays. We report the case of a woman in her 60s with type 2 diabetes whose initial presentation was limited to vomiting and diarrhea, suggesting acute gastroenteritis. In the absence of typical urological distress, her condition rapidly worsened, and she developed septic shock and altered mental status within 48 h. Computed tomography confirmed Huang-Tseng class 3B emphysematous pyelonephritis with extensive destruction of the right renal parenchyma. Recognizing the irreversible tissue necrosis and failure of medical therapy, a decisive transition to emergency nephrectomy was performed. This timely surgical intervention successfully arrested the fulminant progression, leading to hemodynamic stabilization and recovery. This case underscores that emphysematous pyelonephritis rarely masquerades as gastroenteritis; in diabetic patients, such atypical manifestations followed by rapid clinical deterioration necessitate immediate computed tomography evaluation. Furthermore, when imaging reveals extensive gas formation and clinical stability is lost, prompt and resolute surgical source control is a critical, life-saving measure for ensuring patient survival.</p>","PeriodicalId":16129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Medical Research","volume":"54 5","pages":"3000605261444872"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147839140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic biomarkers for lung adenocarcinoma based on Mendelian randomization analysis.","authors":"Li-Rong Yang, Tian-Tian Li, Zhao-Wei Teng, Xin-Hao Peng, Yuan Liu, Li Chen, Jia Fan","doi":"10.1177/03000605261446152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03000605261446152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundLung adenocarcinoma is a multifaceted disease with diverse locations and timings of gene mutations, histology, and molecular pathogenesis. Thus, identifying therapeutic target genes for lung adenocarcinoma has become a major challenge.MethodWe downloaded the gene expression profiles of 220 patients with lung adenocarcinoma from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and identified the differentially expressed genes between noncancer tissue and cancer tissue groups. Mendelian randomization analysis was performed using the exposure gene expression quantitative trait locus dataset and outcome dataset (ieu-a-965) to obtain genome-wide association studies summary data. Sensitivity analysis was used to assess the presence of pleiotropy and heterogeneity in the instrumental variables. Additionally, we performed Mendelian randomization analysis to explore the potential intersecting genes between differentially expressed and specific genes. Moreover, gene set enrichment and overall survival analyses were performed on the intersection gene.ResultsWe combined Gene Expression Omnibus and genome-wide association studies data to identify one upregulated and two downregulated genes associated with lung adenocarcinoma risk using inverse variance weight analysis as the primary analytical method. We observed that survival was significantly higher in the groups with high expressions of <i>ANGPT1</i> and <i>CD36</i> than in those with low expressions of these genes. <i>POU2AF1</i> demonstrated inconsistency with the results obtained using Kaplan-Meier analysis and lacked statistical significance in the GSE130779 cohort.ConclusionOur results confirmed two specific target genes, <i>CD36</i> and <i>ANGPT1,</i> based on Mendelian randomization analysis, providing new insights into the role of these target genes in mediating the development of lung adenocarcinoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":16129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Medical Research","volume":"54 5","pages":"3000605261446152"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147856313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between serum vitamin D levels and functional outcomes in ischemic stroke patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Yinjuan Zhou, Yufeng Peng, Zhenhua Li, Weiwei Ta, Qiang Chen, Tingting Zhao, Guoming Mao, Haiping Wei","doi":"10.1177/03000605261438342","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03000605261438342","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveTo evaluate the correlation between serum vitamin D levels and neurological function prognosis, including the overall cognitive level, in patients with ischemic stroke in a meta-analysis using Pearson or Spearman correlation coefficients.MethodsPubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Embase databases were searched for relevant studies published from inception to June 2025. Stata version 16.0. was used to conduct the meta-analysis.ResultsA total of fifteen studies involving 2030 participants aged 18-94 years were included. The meta-analysis demonstrated a significant inverse association between serum vitamin D levels and stroke severity and outcomes, as reflected by the admission Modified Rankin Scale score, admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, and Modified Rankin Scale score at 3 months (combined Fisher's Z/r: -0.37/-0.35, 95% confidence interval: -0.68 to -0.06; -0.46/-0.43, 95% confidence interval: -0.55 to -0.37; and -0.21/-0.21, 95% confidence interval: -0.38 to -0.05, respectively). Higher serum vitamin D levels may be positively correlated with post-stroke cognitive improvement (combined Fisher's Z = 0.34, 95% confidence interval: 0.24 to 0.45).ConclusionSerum vitamin D levels in patients with ischemic stroke were significantly negatively correlated with neurological function prognosis and, possibly, better cognitive outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Medical Research","volume":"54 4","pages":"3000605261438342"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13080135/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147674295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multidimensional nomogram integrating immune, inflammatory, and coagulation markers for personalized prognosis in bladder cancer.","authors":"Yongpeng Li, Wei Wei, Chanzhen Liu, Haoyuan Lu, Rongchao Chen, Shengming Wu, Youzhi Lin, Huadong Xie, Chengjie Ban, Xianlin Yi, Yong Tang","doi":"10.1177/03000605261441388","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03000605261441388","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveTo develop and validate an integrated prognostic model based on tumor immune microenvironmental, systemic inflammatory, and coagulation markers to improve prognostic stratification and personalize management for bladder cancer patients undergoing surgery.MethodsThis retrospective study analyzed 140 patients who underwent radical or partial cystectomy at our institution between 2013 and 2021. Cutoff values for continuous variables were determined using receiver operating characteristic analysis. Independent prognostic factors for overall survival were identified using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. A nomogram was subsequently developed and validated using time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curves, calibration plots, and decision curve analysis.ResultsMultivariate analysis confirmed that tertiary lymphoid structure density, hemoglobin level, D-dimer level, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and clinical stage are independent predictors of overall survival. The constructed nomogram demonstrated high predictive accuracy for 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survivals, with area under the curve values of 0.868, 0.880, and 0.894, respectively. Calibration and decision curve analyses confirmed the model's excellent consistency and clinical utility. Risk stratification based on the nomogram revealed significant survival differences between the groups (<i>p</i> < 0.001).ConclusionWe developed and validated a novel nomogram that integrates multidimensional immune microenvironmental, systemic inflammatory, and coagulation biomarkers. This model provides a practical tool for prognostic assessment and risk stratification in bladder cancer patients following surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":16129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Medical Research","volume":"54 4","pages":"3000605261441388"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13145064/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147773690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the causal effect of genetically predicted blood and cerebrospinal fluid metabolites and metabolic pathways on intracranial aneurysm.","authors":"Lu Ding, Wei Cao, Zhou Zhou, Zhaojun Mei, Bo Chen, Xinyu Lu, Wei Chen","doi":"10.1177/03000605261442755","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03000605261442755","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectivePrevious studies have identified significant alterations in metabolites in patients with intracranial aneurysm. This study aimed to evaluate the causal relationships of metabolites in both blood and cerebrospinal fluid with intracranial aneurysm at the genetic level using bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis.MethodsGenetic instrumental variables for 1400 blood metabolites were obtained from a genome-wide association study analysis involving 8299 individuals, while 338 cerebrospinal fluid metabolites were sourced from another genome-wide association study involving 291 individuals. Outcome data for intracranial aneurysm were retrieved from the International Stroke Genetics Consortium, and validation data were retrieved from the FinnGen study. The primary analysis employed the inverse-variance weighted method, supported by sensitivity analysis to address pleiotropy and enhance robustness. Replication analysis and meta-analysis were performed to enhance the robustness of the findings. Colocalization analysis was used to assess the potential shared genetic architecture between metabolites and intracranial aneurysm, and metabolic pathway analysis was performed using MetaboAnalyst 6.0.ResultsFollowing false discovery rate correction, four and five genetically predicted blood metabolites showed inversely causal associations with intracranial aneurysms and subarachnoid hemorrhage, respectively, in the discovery group, while no cerebrospinal fluid metabolites showed significant causal associations with three intracranial aneurysm phenotypes. After performing a meta-analysis incorporating the results from the replication data, we identified 1-arachidonoyl-GPC (20:4n6) (odds ratio: 0.90) and 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-GPC (16:0/20:4n6) (odds ratio: 0.92) as potential protective factors against intracranial aneurysms as well as (N(1) + N(8))-acetylspermidine (odds ratio: 0.83) as a potential protective factor against subarachnoid hemorrhage.ConclusionsOur findings establish a potential causal link between blood/cerebrospinal fluid metabolites and intracranial aneurysm. Furthermore, the identified metabolites and pathways provide valuable insights into the pathogenic mechanisms and progression of intracranial aneurysm.</p>","PeriodicalId":16129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Medical Research","volume":"54 4","pages":"3000605261442755"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13145066/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147773697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in the management of gout: From current strategies to emerging therapies.","authors":"Qi Zhao, Xiaoxi Dai","doi":"10.1177/03000605261426698","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03000605261426698","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gout is a form of inflammatory arthritis caused by disordered uric acid metabolism, characterized by severe joint pain and inflammatory reactions, which significantly impair patients' quality of life. With changes in lifestyle and dietary habits, the incidence of gout has been rising globally, making it a critical public health concern. Current research primarily focuses on short- and long-term management strategies, including pharmacological therapies, lifestyle interventions, and patient education. Short-term management typically comprises nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and colchicine to alleviate acute attacks, while long-term management focuses on uric acid control and recurrence prevention through urate-lowering drugs. Although existing management strategies can effectively control symptoms, challenges such as poor patient adherence and insufficient individualized treatment persist. Emerging therapies, including biologics and gene-based treatments, have demonstrated promising potential and may offer more effective and personalized therapeutic solutions for patients with gout. This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive synthesis of existing literature to inform clinical practice and explore future directions in gout management.</p>","PeriodicalId":16129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Medical Research","volume":"54 4","pages":"3000605261426698"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13145094/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147773701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of probiotic supplementation on glycemic control in children with type 1 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Yanfang Su, Meiyuan Sun, Qi Huang, Lijun Xu, Canmiao Zhao, Fang Xu, Na Tao, Yang Yang","doi":"10.1177/03000605261443077","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03000605261443077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of probiotic supplementation on glycemic control in children with type 1 diabetes, as measured using glycated hemoglobin level, fasting blood glucose level, and insulin requirements.MethodsA systematic search was conducted across four databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus) to identify eligible randomized controlled trials. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool was used to assess methodological quality. Meta‑analyses were performed using random‑effects models, with subgroup analysis conducted by probiotic strain. The study was registered with the Research Registry (reviewregistry2089).ResultsSix randomized controlled trials (483 children) were included. Probiotic supplementation significantly reduced glycated hemoglobin levels (weighted mean difference: -0.54%; 95% confidence interval: -0.90% to -0.18%; <i>p</i> = 0.003; I² = 19.65%) and insulin requirements (weighted mean difference: -0.082 U/kg/day; 95% confidence interval: -0.147 to -0.017; <i>p</i> = 0.013; I² = 0%). Fasting blood glucose levels showed a non‑significant reduction (mean difference: -10.54 mg/dL; 95% confidence interval: -23.25 to 2.17; <i>p</i> = 0.104; I² = 0%). Subgroup analysis revealed that the De Simone formulation explained 70.32% of the between‑study variance. No publication bias was detected.ConclusionProbiotic supplementation, particularly specific formulations, may reduce glycated hemoglobin levels and insulin needs in children with type 1 diabetes, supporting probiotics supplementation as an adjunctive therapy; however, larger trials are needed to confirm these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":16129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Medical Research","volume":"54 4","pages":"3000605261443077"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13145042/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147773750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between blood cadmium and the likelihood of developing human papillomavirus infection: A combination of NHANES and clinical study.","authors":"Qinyuan He, Xia Zhao, Weiwei He, Yuehua Yang","doi":"10.1177/03000605261443918","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03000605261443918","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveTo determine whether blood cadmium levels are associated with the likelihood of developing human papillomavirus infection in women aged 20-59 years.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, we analyzed data from 7815 women in the 2005-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The nonlinear association was examined using generalized weighted models and smoothed curves, with subgroup analyses by age, body mass index, and other covariates. An independent validation cohort of 50 human papillomavirus-positive patients and 50 human papillomavirus-negative controls from Yuejianglou Community Health Center under the Medical Alliance of The Second Hospital of Nanjing was also used.ResultsHuman papillomavirus-positive individuals exhibited higher average blood cadmium levels (0.6 ± 0.74 μg/L) than human papillomavirus-negative individuals (0.48 ± 0.53 μg/L). A positive, nonlinear relationship was found. Subgroup analysis revealed that each unit increase in blood cadmium levels increased the risk of human papillomavirus infection by 34% in women aged 46-59 years with a body mass index of 25-30 kg/m². The validation cohort confirmed significantly higher cadmium levels in human papillomavirus-positive patients.ConclusionsOur research indicates a potential link between blood cadmium levels and human papillomavirus infection status, warranting further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":16129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Medical Research","volume":"54 4","pages":"3000605261443918"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13150145/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147773670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}