Clinical application of anterior segment optical coherence tomography in ocular emergencies: A comprehensive review.

Abstract

This narrative review explored the comprehensive clinical applications of anterior segment optical coherence tomography in cases of ocular trauma and emergencies, with a focus on its diagnostic, therapeutic, and future implications. A literature search was conducted via PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science using relevant keywords, yielding 86 articles for inclusion. However, no formal systemic review or meta-analysis was performed. These studies highlight the role of anterior segment optical coherence tomography as a high-resolution, noncontact imaging modality that enables detailed assessment of anterior segment injuries, even in cases with compromised visualization due to corneal opacity or hyphema. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography facilitates accurate diagnosis of corneal lacerations, intraocular foreign bodies, traumatic cataracts, and angle abnormalities, contributing significantly to surgical planning. Moreover, anterior segment optical coherence tomography angiography provides novel insights into anterior segment vasculature; for instance, it helps detect limbal ischemia in chemical injuries. Despite its numerous benefits, anterior segment optical coherence tomography is limited by its inability to image structures posterior to the iris and its reliance on patient cooperation for accurate imaging. Overall, anterior segment optical coherence tomography has transformed the evaluation and management of ocular emergencies by enhancing structural visualization and improving clinical decision-making. Future innovations, including enhanced penetration depth and integration of artificial intelligence, are expected to further expand its diagnostic and therapeutic potential.