{"title":"Ionic Contamination-Humidity Effects on GaAs FETs","authors":"W. Anderson, A. Christou, K. Sleger","doi":"10.1109/IRPS.1979.362881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IRPS.1979.362881","url":null,"abstract":"A study was made to determine the susceptibility to failure of present commercially available GaAs FETs as a result of the concurrent exposure to temperature cycling, high relative humidity, and ionic contamination. Devices with Al and Au/refractory gates from four different suppliers were studied. Devices with Au/refractory gates were less susceptible to degradation as a result of the hostile environment. Failure mechanisms were determined and correlated with the electrical degradation of the devices.","PeriodicalId":161068,"journal":{"name":"17th International Reliability Physics Symposium","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125483711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Instability and Failure Mechanisms of Small Area, Nitride-Defined Schottky Barrier Diodes, in LSI Applications","authors":"S. U. Kim","doi":"10.1109/IRPS.1979.362898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IRPS.1979.362898","url":null,"abstract":"longer holds, since the equation is the first order equation, and is basically derived for a large area. In practice, breakdown in Schottky Diodes preferentially occurs at the periphery, and the breakdown voltage is normally less than 50 percent of the bulk breakdown voltage. Moreover, the diode characteristics and leakage currents are no longer simply relatable to theoretical diode parameters such as barrier height, ideality, saturation current, barrier lowering due to image force and diode area. That is, surface properties at the diode periphery begin to play a dominant role in determining the diode performance and reliability.","PeriodicalId":161068,"journal":{"name":"17th International Reliability Physics Symposium","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122286594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. C. Huang, A. J. Lewandowski, M. Nelson, S. R. Orr
{"title":"Component/System Correlation of Alpha Induced Dynamic RAM Soft Failure Rates","authors":"C. C. Huang, A. J. Lewandowski, M. Nelson, S. R. Orr","doi":"10.1109/IRPS.1979.362866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IRPS.1979.362866","url":null,"abstract":"Alpha particle induced upset of data stored in dynamic MDS RAMs and CCDs has been well documented. May and Woods (1) of Intel explained how the soft failure mechanism operates in the storage matrix of packaged devices, and presented convincing empirical evidence to substantiate their theoretical model. The semiconductor industry reacted to this phenomenon in several ways: by imposing alpha emission limits on their package vendors; increasing storage capacitance on vulnerable nodes with circuit design and/or processing innovations; initiating research on die coatings to serve as a barrier to incident alphas; informing customers who buy high density dynamic RAM and CCD storage devices in order to build large storage modules, that error correction schemes are mandatory. The bulk of the material so far published pertains to a phenomenological discussion at the device physics level. Adverse effects on system MDBF are only implied. This paper presents soft failure data obtained using low intensity polonium 210 and uranium 238 alpha sources on 4K and 16K dynamic M4S RAM and 64K CCD devices made by various semiconductor vendors. Experiments indicate that certain static NMOS RAM devices may also suffer alpha induced soft failures, particularly when operated in low supply voltage, battery back up data retention modes. Finally, soft failure rates developed by operating a 4M byte dynamic MOS RAM storage module in a read only mode at minimum specified supply voltages are checked for correlation with device level results.","PeriodicalId":161068,"journal":{"name":"17th International Reliability Physics Symposium","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133547468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysis of Headspace Vapor in Sealed Electronic Packages using Plasma Chromotography Mass Spectroscopy","authors":"T. Carr","doi":"10.1109/IRPS.1979.362893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IRPS.1979.362893","url":null,"abstract":"Plasma chromatography/mass spectroscopy is a relatively new ultra sensitive analytical technique which permits the characterization of trace contaminants on the order of parts per billion and less. The technique is capable of detecting both positive and negative ions which are formed at atmospheric pressure as a result of ion-molecule reactions. The capabilities of the PC/MS technique and its application to the analysis of several organic, chlorine and bromine compounds in the headspace of sealed electronic packages is discussed.","PeriodicalId":161068,"journal":{"name":"17th International Reliability Physics Symposium","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114472713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Water Vapor Sorption of Package Sealants","authors":"R. Vasofsky","doi":"10.1109/IRPS.1979.362876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IRPS.1979.362876","url":null,"abstract":"A unique system, designed for simultaneously measuring mass change and residual gases of samples loaded from a controlled environment, was used in conducting outgassing and water vapor adsorption-desorption experiments on sealing glasses. Owens-Illinois XS-1175, a vitreous sealing glass, was glazed in vacuum, air, nitrogen and oxygen and Owens-Illinois CV-ll, a devitrifying sealing glass, was glazed in vacuum. The outgassing products for both glasses during glazing were primarily water vapor and carbon dioxide. After glazing, the glasses were exposed to 1.33 kPa (13,150 ppmv) of water vapor for 1 h at 25°C to measure the amount of water sorbed. The mass gains due to water uptake of XS-1175 glazed in vacuum, air and nitrogen were similar, ranging from 0.0044 to 0.0058% by sample weight. On the other hand, the mass gain due to water sorption of the sample glazed in oxygen was significantly less, 0.0005%. Scanning electron micrographs of the vacuum and oxygen glazed samples showed that the glass glazed in vacuum was very porous, appearing sponge-like in nature, while the oxygen glazed glass had a much less porous surface. In addition, during a water vapor exposure the mass gain of CV-ll, a devitrifying glass, was about 5 times greater compared with XS-1175, a vitreous glass glazed under similar conditions. Commercially glazed XS-1175 and KC-1 black ceramic lids were heated to 4300C to measure mass changes and outgassing products during sealing. Initially, water vapor and carbon dioxide were the major volatile components outgassed.","PeriodicalId":161068,"journal":{"name":"17th International Reliability Physics Symposium","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128514683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Scanning Infrared Microscopy Techniques for Semiconductor Thermal Analysis","authors":"C. A. \"Cal\" Lidback","doi":"10.1109/IRPS.1979.362891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IRPS.1979.362891","url":null,"abstract":"Because failure rates of component piece parts, particularly integrated circuits, increase as the ambient temperature increases, the component designer is committed to design his product to meet the input and output requirements with minimum thermal dissipation. Quantitative and qualitative thermal distribution information available through scanning infrared microscopy can support his objective. The failure analyst is directed to subtle failure sites which are made evident by abnormal thermal distributions. Thermal resistance studies involving a variety of normal production materials and processes are possible. Thermal resistance has been shown to be a variable dependent upon die area. Thermal resistance also varies depending upon a multitude of component manufacturing variables. The data is most meaningful when measured using standard product drawn from shippable lots, which is easily accomplished using a scanning infrared microscope. The scanning infrared microscope has been found to be an effective tool for solving. thermal management problems in semiconductor components. The techniques described here can be modified and extended to meet the thermal management challenges in all sectors of the electronics industry.","PeriodicalId":161068,"journal":{"name":"17th International Reliability Physics Symposium","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126066544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"GaAs Medium Scale Integrated Circuit Reliability","authors":"P. Froess, A. Chu","doi":"10.1109/IRPS.1979.362887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IRPS.1979.362887","url":null,"abstract":"GaAs Medium Scale Integrated Circuits, made with different processes and metallizations from the usual discrete FETs, require a higher degree of reliability per active element than discrete FETs. As test vehicles, 0.8 GHz ring oscillators were temperature stressed on both operational life test with internally generated RF levels, and on storage life test. Analysis of the negligible degradation of the circuit performance demonstrated that the IC processes are satisfactory. A single IC chip has reliability very comparable to that of a discrete FET. The specially designed fixturing hardware for high temperature stressing with bias is described along with its advantages including low thermal resistance and the low temperature of the biasing components.","PeriodicalId":161068,"journal":{"name":"17th International Reliability Physics Symposium","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122000849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of Palladium as a Corrosion Inhibitor in Chromium Thin Film Systems","authors":"D. J. Sharp","doi":"10.1109/IRPS.1979.362882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IRPS.1979.362882","url":null,"abstract":"A thin layer of palladium has been used to inhibit corrosion in thin film systems employing chromium as an adhesive layer. The low hydrogen over potential of palladium maintains the chromium at a sufficiently high potential to promote passivation and prevent corrosion. Potentiometric measurements and accelerated life-test results are presented.","PeriodicalId":161068,"journal":{"name":"17th International Reliability Physics Symposium","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128917136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reliability of LSI Memory Circuits Exposed to Laser Cutting","authors":"M. Rand","doi":"10.1109/IRPS.1979.362897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IRPS.1979.362897","url":null,"abstract":"Laser activation of spare row or column elements of VLSI memories is a powerful tool for yield enhancement, and is presently in use on a 64K-bit MOS RAM. In order to learn as much as possible about the application and reliability of this new technology in advance of its use in manufacture, experiments were carried out on the effects of the laser on materials and structures of the device. Also, laser-cut 16K RAM testers and polysilicon resistors were bias-temperature aged, with particular attention paid to electrical drifts which might indicate penetration of contaminants at the laser-cut site. So far there is no indication of a reliability problem associated with laser processing.","PeriodicalId":161068,"journal":{"name":"17th International Reliability Physics Symposium","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124381002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Characteristic Wearout Process in Epoxy-Glass Printed Circuits for High Density Electronic Packaging","authors":"J. Lahti, R. Delaney, J. Hines","doi":"10.1109/IRPS.1979.362869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IRPS.1979.362869","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reviews the results of an extensive program to characterize the long-term performance of high density circuitry on glass-reinforced epoxy substrates. The data reveal potentially serious limitations in existing materials. The nature of the wearout mechanism will be described, and data on temperature, humidity, and voltage dependence will be reviewed.","PeriodicalId":161068,"journal":{"name":"17th International Reliability Physics Symposium","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128116835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}