Journal of Infection Prevention最新文献

{"title":"Knowledge, attitude, and practice on antibiotics use among healthcare workers: A cross-sectional study in Niger state, Nigeria.","authors":"Bala Abubakar, Attila Sárváry","doi":"10.1177/17571774231165407","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17571774231165407","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Antibiotic resistance is a public health concern in Nigeria and the world, and healthcare workers contributed to the upsurge of antibiotic resistance in hospital settings. This study focused on the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of antibiotic use and the frequency of prescriptions of antibiotics from the list of WHO Model Essentials Antibiotics (AWaRe<b>)</b> (in the last 6 months) among healthcare workers and established the determining factors in six hospitals in Niger state, Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A KAP survey was conducted in Niger State, Nigeria, from March to June 2022. A structured self-administered, pretested questionnaire was distributed to six hospitals in the state following a stratified random sampling considering the staff capacity, the population of the city, and patients' patronage.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 350 questionnaires distributed, and 313 (89.4%) completed and returned from the six hospitals. The median scores were knowledge (75%), attitude (69%), practice (62%), and self-reported prescription (70%), and respondents with good scores were knowledge [195 (62.3%)], attitude [185 (59.1%)], practice [201 (64.2%)], and prescription [117 (37.4%)]. In multivariate analysis, older respondents are more likely to have a good prescription (<i>p</i> = 0.006), and prior antimicrobial training improved their knowledge (<i>p</i> < 0.001), attitude (<i>p</i> = 0.007), and prescription pattern (<i>p</i> = 0.009). All the study participants had prescribed one or more of the most prescribed antibiotics; Amoxicillin clavulanate (Access group, 96.5%), Amoxicillin (Access group, 95.9%), and Metronidazole (Access group, 95.7%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study suggests that antibiotic education for healthcare workers and antimicrobial stewardship programs are significant interventions to mitigate antibiotic overuse in the state.</p>","PeriodicalId":16094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection Prevention","volume":"24 5","pages":"206-215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10510657/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41125102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters-associated blood stream infections-occurrence, risk factors, and pathogens, a single center study.","authors":"Rajalakshmi Arjun, Vettakkara Kandy Muhammed Niyas, Aswathy Sasidharan, Jeffery Jomes, Manish Kumar Yadav, Suresh Kesavan","doi":"10.1177/17571774231165404","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17571774231165404","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) are central venous catheters inserted peripherally but terminate in great vessels. PICCs are widely used for patients requiring long-term intravenous therapy in both in-patient and out-patient settings.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study was carried out to understand PICC-related complications, specifically infections and causal pathogens, in a tertiary care hospital in Kerala, South India.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis of PICC insertions and follow-up during a 9 years period to look at patient demographics and infections related to PICC was carried out.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall PICC-related complication rate is 28.1% (4.98 per 1000 PICC days). Commonest complication was thrombosis followed by infection, either PICC-associated bloodstream infection (PABSI) or local infection (LI). PABSI noted in this study was 1.34 per 1000 catheter days. The majority (85%) of PABSI were due to Gram-negative rods. The average duration of PICC days for occurrence of PABSI was 14 days and the majority occurred in in-patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Thrombosis and infection were the commonest PICC-related complications. PABSI rate was comparable to that of previous studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":16094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection Prevention","volume":"24 4","pages":"187-192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10273803/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10291235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Late poor outcomes of <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> infections in oncological patients: A multicentre cohort study.","authors":"Esther Calbo, Sergi Hernández, Nieves Sopena, Laia Castellá, Joaquín Lopez-Contreras, Jordi Cuquet, Maria López-Sánchez, Rafel Pérez, Carlota Gudiol, Ana Coloma, Mariló Marimón, Joan Espinach, Marta Andres, Purificación Martos, Gonçalo Carvalho Rodrigues, Enric Limón","doi":"10.1177/17571774231165410","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17571774231165410","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cancer has been associated with an increased risk of in-hospital mortality in CDI patients. However, data on delayed mortality in cancer patients with CDI are scarce.</p><p><strong>Aim/objective: </strong>The aim of the present study was to compare outcomes between oncological patients and the general population with <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> infection (CDI) after 90 days of follow-up.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A multicenter prospective cohort study was conducted in 28 hospitals participating in the VINCat program. Cases were all consecutive adult patients who met the case definition of CDI. Sociodemographic, clinical, and epidemiological variables and evolution at discharge and after 90 days were recorded for each case.</p><p><strong>Findings/results: </strong>The mortality rate was higher in oncological patients (OR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.08-2.67). In addition, oncological patients receiving chemotherapy (CT) presented higher recurrence rates (18.5% vs 9.8%, <i>p</i> = 0.049). Among oncological patients treated with metronidazole, those with active CT showed a higher rate of recurrence (35.3% vs 8.0% <i>p</i> = 0.04).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Oncological patients presented a higher risk of poor outcomes after CDI. Their early and late mortality rates were higher than in the general population, and in parallel, those undergoing chemotherapy (especially those receiving metronidazole) had higher rates of recurrence.</p>","PeriodicalId":16094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection Prevention","volume":"24 4","pages":"182-186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10273802/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10298501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health care associated infections, antimicrobial resistance and outcomes in patients admitted to intensive care unit, India: A five-Year retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Santenna Chenchula, Balakrishnan Sadasivam, Ajay Shukla, Saman Pathan, Saurabh Saigal","doi":"10.1177/17571774231161821","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17571774231161821","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The present study was conducted to study the prevalence of HAIs in a newly established MICU, common microorganisms causing HAIs and their antibiotic-sensitivity profile, and antimicrobial utilization and mortality rate.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present retrospective cohort study was carried out at AIIMS, Bhopal (2015-2019). The prevalence of HAIs was determined; sites of HAIs and common causative microorganisms were identified, and their antibiotic-sensitivity profiles were studied. The group of patients with HAIs was matched with a control group drawn from the pool of patients without HAIs; this matching was done with respect to age, gender, and clinical diagnosis. Antimicrobial utilization, Period of ICU stay, comorbidities and patient mortality rates in the two groups were analyzed. The clinical criteria by the CDC- National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance to diagnose HAIs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 281 ICU patients' records were analyzed. The mean age was 47.21 ± 19.07 years. Of these 89 were found to have developed ICU-acquired HAIs (Prevalance:32%). Bloodstream infections (33%) and respiratory tract infections (30.68%), catheter-associated urinary tract infections (25.56%), and surgical site infections (6.76%) were the commonest. The most frequently isolated microorganism causing HAIs was K. pneumonia (18%), A. baumannii (14%) and <i>E. coli</i> (12%), 31% isolates of which were multidrug resistant. The average length of ICU stay was high in patients with HAIs (13.85 vs 8.2 days). The most common co-morbidity was type 2 diabetes mellitus (42.86%). Prolonged ICU stays [OR 1.13, (95% CI; 0.04-0.10)] and the presence of HAIs [OR 1.18(95%CI; (0.03-0.15)] were associated with an increased risk of mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>An increased prevalence of HAIs essentially bloodstream infections and respiratory infections with MDR organisms to antimicrobials in the watch group is highly considerable. Acquisition of HAIs with MDR organisms and increased length of hospital stay are considerable risk factors for increased mortality in ICU-admitted patients. Regular antimicrobial stewardship activities and revising existing hospital infection control policies accordingly may reduce HAIs.</p>","PeriodicalId":16094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection Prevention","volume":"24 4","pages":"159-165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10273797/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10298499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diary.","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/17571774231176321","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17571774231176321","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection Prevention","volume":"24 4","pages":"193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10273801/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10036472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nosocomial bacterial infections in Victoria decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Tess F Asgill,&nbsp;Douglas Stupart","doi":"10.1177/17571774231159383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17571774231159383","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A number of infection control interventions were implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic in order to reduce the spread of this virus.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of this study was to determine if these interventions were associated with reduced nosocomial bacterial infections in Victoria, Australia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Observational data were obtained from the Victorian Healthcare Associated Infection Surveillance System (VICNISS) based on admitted hospital patients in two 6-month timeframes representing pandemic and pre-pandemic hospital practices. Data were collected for surgical site infections, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> bacteraemia, <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> infection, and central line-associated bloodstream infections.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a significant reduction in the rates of <i>S. aureus</i> bacteraemia (0.74 infections/10, 000 bed days pre-pandemic vs. 0.53/10,000 bed days in the pandemic period [rate ratio 0.72, 95% CI 0.57-0.90]; <i>p</i> = .003) and in <i>C. difficile</i> infections (2.2 infections/10,000 bed days pre-pandemic vs. 0.86/10 000 bed days in the pandemic era [rate ratio 0.76, 95% C.I. 0.67-0.86]; <i>p</i> <.001). There was no change in the overall rate of surgical site infections or central line-associated infections however.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The increased emphasis on infection control and prevention strategies during the pandemic period was associated with reduced transmission of <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>C. difficile</i> infections within hospitals.</p>","PeriodicalId":16094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection Prevention","volume":"24 4","pages":"151-158"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9974379/pdf/10.1177_17571774231159383.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10018942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review of the germicidal effectiveness of ultraviolet disinfection across high-touch surfaces in the immediate patient environment.","authors":"Marisol Resendiz, Dawn Blanchard, Gordon F West","doi":"10.1177/17571774231159388","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17571774231159388","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is not yet a consensus regarding the in-use effectiveness of ultraviolet irradiation (UV-C) as a supplementary tool for terminal room disinfection.</p><p><strong>Aims and objectives: </strong>To summarize and evaluate literature detailing the germicidal effectiveness of UV-C disinfection on high-touch surfaces in the patient environment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A literature search was carried out utilizing PRISMA guidelines. Studies were included if intervention included UV-C after standard room disinfection in hospital rooms evaluated microbiologically by surface type.</p><p><strong>Findings/results: </strong>Twelve records met our criteria for inclusion. Studies predominantly focused on terminal disinfection of patient rooms, including five reports carried out in isolation rooms and three studies including operating room (OR) surfaces. Bedrails, remote controls, phones, tray tables, assist rails, floors, and toilets were the most commonly reported surfaces. Across study designs, surfaces, and room types, flat surfaces tended to showcase UV-C effectiveness best, particularly isolation room floors. In contrast, handheld surfaces (i.e., bed controls and assist bars) tended to show reduced efficacies (81-93%). In the OR, complex surfaces similarly demonstrated reduced UV-C effectiveness. Bathroom surfaces demonstrated 83% UV-C effectiveness overall, with surface characteristics uniquely impacted depending on the room type. Isolation room studies tended to include effectiveness comparison with standard treatment, reporting UV-C superiority most of the time.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This review highlights the enhanced effectiveness of UV-C surface disinfection over standard protocols across various study designs and surfaces. However, surface and room characteristics do appear to play a role in the level of bacterial reduction.</p>","PeriodicalId":16094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection Prevention","volume":"24 4","pages":"166-177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10273798/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10298495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extending infection prevention and control nursing (IPCN) provision to weekends at one National Health Service hospital in the United Kingdom: A feasibility and acceptability study.","authors":"Valerie Brueton,&nbsp;Lorraine Mooney,&nbsp;Neil Wigglesworth","doi":"10.1177/17571774231165406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17571774231165406","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hospital Infection Prevention and Control Teams (IPCTs) provide clinical cover during weekdays with on call support at weekends. We report the results of a 6-month pilot of extending infection prevention and control nursing (IPCN) clinical cover to weekends at one National Health Service trust in the United Kingdom.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We examined daily episodes of infection prevention and control (IPC) clinical advice given before and during the pilot of extended IPCN to weekends. Stakeholders rated the value, impact, and their awareness of the new extended IPCN cover.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Episodes of clinical advice given were more evenly distributed across the weeks during the pilot. Advantages for infection management, patient flow, and clinical workload were seen.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>IPCN clinical cover at weekends is feasible and valued by stakeholders.</p>","PeriodicalId":16094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection Prevention","volume":"24 4","pages":"178-181"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10273800/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10302172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An International Systematic Review Concerning the Effect of Social Media Exposure on Public Compliance with Infection Prevention and Control Measures During the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Rachel Wall,&nbsp;Jean Evers,&nbsp;Deborah Haydock","doi":"10.1177/17571774231159574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17571774231159574","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Effective health communication is crucial for achieving positive population health outcomes. This is important for infection prevention and control (IPC), which relies on widespread public compliance to be effective. Whilst social media (SM) platforms disseminate health information, there is conflicting evidence to suggest their influence on compliance with public health guidelines.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To appraise the available evidence and determine the extent to which social media exposure contributes to public compliance with IPC measures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic protocol based on the MOOSE and PRISMA guidelines was followed. Observational studies were identified through systematic searches of four electronic databases and a hand search. Following data extraction, eligible studies were quality assessed, and the findings were integrated using narrative synthesis.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>15 studies were included. The studies located presented heterogeneous designs and findings. A weak positive association was identified, with 60% of the studies observing a positive association between social media and compliance with IPC measures. 26.7% identified a negative correlation, and 13.3% identified no correlation. Several factors were identified to mediate the relationship, including knowledge and conspiracy beliefs.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This systematic review identified a weak positive correlation between exposure to social media and public compliance with recommended IPC measures, suggesting that social media should be utilised in future IPC related communication strategies. Social media provides a cost-effective, publicly accessible platform to disseminate accurate information, and neutralise misinformation. Recommendations are made for further research to reduce the uncertainty created by the identification of heterogenous studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":16094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection Prevention","volume":"24 3","pages":"103-112"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9950031/pdf/10.1177_17571774231159574.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9673812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emotional intelligence: Its place in infection prevention and control.","authors":"Mark Cole","doi":"10.1177/17571774231159573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17571774231159573","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Infection Prevention Societies Competency Framework is a detailed tool that recognises the multi factorial work of Infection Prevention and Control Teams. This work often takes place in complex, chaotic and busy environments where non-compliance with policies, procedures and guidelines is endemic. As reductions in Healthcare Associated Infection became a health service priority the tone of Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) became increasingly uncompromising and punitive. This can create conflict between IPC professionals and clinicians who may take a different view as to the reasons for sub optimum practice. If unresolved, this can create a tension that has a negative impact on working relationships and ultimately patient outcomes.</p><p><strong>Concepts and context: </strong>Emotional Intelligence, that ability to recognise, understand and manage our own emotions and recognise, understand and influence the emotions of others, is not something, hitherto, that has been headlined as an attribute for individuals working in IPC. Individuals with higher level of Emotional Intelligence show a greater capacity for learning, deal with pressure more effectively, communicate in interesting and assertive ways and recognise the strengths and weaknesses of others. Overall, the trend is that they are more productive and satisfied in the workplace.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Emotional Intelligence should be a much sought after trait in IPC as this will better equip a post holder to deliver challenging IPC programmes. When appointing to an IPC team, the candidates Emotional Intelligence should be considered and then developed through a process of education and reflection.</p>","PeriodicalId":16094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection Prevention","volume":"24 3","pages":"141-145"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10090572/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9322376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}