Journal of Infection Prevention最新文献

{"title":"The use of behaviour change theory for infection prevention and control practices in healthcare settings: A scoping review.","authors":"Carolynn Greene, Jennie Wilson","doi":"10.1177/17571774211066779","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17571774211066779","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Infection prevention and control (IPC) practices performed by healthcare workers are key to the prevention and management of infections. Compliance with IPC practices is often low, they are therefore commonly the focus of improvement interventions. Designing interventions that are based on behaviour change theories may help to improve compliance to practice. The aim of this review is to synthesise the evidence on the application of behaviour change theories to interventions to improve IPC practice in healthcare settings.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A scoping review was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodological framework. The theories of focus were the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF), Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, Behaviour (COM-B) and Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW). Studies which applied these theories to any IPC practice were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eleven studies were identified which met the inclusion criteria. The IPC behaviours investigated were hand hygiene (7), antimicrobial stewardship (3), and MRSA screening (1). Nine studies explored barriers and facilitators to existing IPC practice; three used their findings to design a behaviour change intervention or tool. Domains of 'beliefs about consequences', 'environmental context/resources', and 'social/professional role and identity' were identified as key across all three IPC behaviours.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This review has demonstrated the use of behavioural theories to understand determinants of behaviour related to IPC practice. Currently, there are few published examples of interventions to improve IPC practice that have been underpinned by behavioural theory. Practitioners in IPC should consider the use of these methods to enhance the efficacy of strategies to change healthcare worker behaviour.</p>","PeriodicalId":16094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection Prevention","volume":"68 1","pages":"108-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9052851/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76702354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diary.","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/17571774221090372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17571774221090372","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection Prevention","volume":"23 3","pages":"128"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9052846/pdf/10.1177_17571774221090372.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9733110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An intermittent outbreak of <i>Burkholderia cepacia</i> contaminating hematopoietic stem cells resulting in infusate-related blood stream infections.","authors":"Anis Raddaoui,&nbsp;Farah Ben Tanfous,&nbsp;Yosra Chebbi,&nbsp;Aymen Mabrouk,&nbsp;Wafa Achour","doi":"10.1177/17571774211066783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17571774211066783","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microbial contamination of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), used for autologous and allogenic transplantations, is rare but could cause serious blood stream infection in transplanted patients. These infections occur immediately, or later following the formation of biofilm on the catheter lumen. The present study describes an intermittent <i>B. cepacia</i> HSC contamination associated with nosocomial bacteremia: from October 2011 to April 2015, 17 <i>B. cepacia</i> strains were isolated in HSC bags (<i>n</i> = 14) and blood cultures (<i>n</i> = 3) in patients hospitalized in the National Bone Marrow Transplant Center. Two epidemiologic investigations in the National Blood Transfusion Center, allowing the isolation of three strains in hygiene samples, and four interventions in this institution were done. To identify the source of this contamination, a molecular investigation was done on 23 <i>B. cepacia</i> strains isolated in our center from 2007 to 2015. PFGE analysis revealed five clusters. The major cluster included 18 strains isolated from HSC bags (<i>n</i> = 14), blood culture (<i>n</i> = 1), and water cans and bath (<i>n</i> = 3). The second cluster (B) including only two and the remaining clusters (C, D, and E) contained single strains isolated before the epidemic period. These findings confirmed that the origin of the outbreak was the contaminated water used in the water bath during the thawing step of HSC bags. Based on this result, new sterile water was used for every defrosting, but HSC bags contamination persisted. In May 2015, the water bath was replaced with a dry bath and no <i>B. cepacia</i> strain was isolated from that date to April 2020.</p>","PeriodicalId":16094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection Prevention","volume":"23 2","pages":"75-78"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8941591/pdf/10.1177_17571774211066783.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10868269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuberculosis infection control measures and knowledge in primary health centres in Bandung, Indonesia.","authors":"Lika Apriani,&nbsp;Susan McAllister,&nbsp;Katrina Sharples,&nbsp;Hanifah Nurhasanah,&nbsp;Isni Nurul Aini,&nbsp;Nopi Susilawati,&nbsp;Rovina Ruslami,&nbsp;Bachti Alisjahbana,&nbsp;Dick Menzies,&nbsp;Philip C Hill","doi":"10.1177/17571774211046880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17571774211046880","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Health care workers (HCWs) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) continue to have an unacceptably high prevalence and incidence of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> infection due to high exposure to tuberculosis (TB) cases at health care facilities and often inadequate infection control measures. This can contribute to an increased risk of transmission not only to HCWs themselves but also to patients and the general population.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We assessed implementation of TB infection control measures in primary health centres (PHCs) in Bandung, Indonesia, and TB knowledge among HCWs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted between May and November 2017 amongst a stratified sample of the PHCs, and their HCWs, that manage TB patients in Bandung<b>.</b> Questionnaires were used to assess TB infection control measures plus HCW knowledge. Summary statistics, linear regression and the Kruskal-Wallis test were used for analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median number of TB infection control measures implemented in 24 PHCs was 21 of 41 assessed. Only one of five management controls was implemented, 15 of 24 administrative controls, three of nine environmental controls and one of three personal respiratory protection controls. PHCs with TB laboratory facilities and high TB case numbers were more likely to implement TB infection control measures than other PHCs (<i>p</i>=0.003). In 398 HCWs, the median number of correct responses for knowledge was 10 (IQR 9-11) out of 11.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>HCWs had good TB knowledge. TB infection control measures were generally not implemented and need to be strengthened in PHCs to reduce <i>M. tuberculosis</i> transmission to HCWs, patients and visitors.</p>","PeriodicalId":16094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection Prevention","volume":"23 2","pages":"49-58"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8941593/pdf/10.1177_17571774211046880.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10868275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compliance to hand hygiene and its determinant factors among Community Health Care Providers in Community Clinics: an observational study in Bangladesh.","authors":"Md Hafizur Rahman,&nbsp;Md Nazmul Hassan,&nbsp;Md Shafiqul Islam Khan,&nbsp;Md Hasanuzzaman,&nbsp;Nurullah Awal","doi":"10.1177/17571774211066965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17571774211066965","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Healthcare-associated infections caused by poor hand hygiene (HH) practices can affect both the care seekers and the health care providers (HCPs) while providing primary health care. No study has been conducted on the compliance of HH practices among the primary level HCPs in Bangladesh.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study aimed to assess the compliance rates of HH and its determinant factors among Community Health Care Providers (CHCPs) in Community Clinics (CC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2019 to February 2020 among 150 randomly selected CHCPs with functional HH facilities in Patuakhali district, Bangladesh. Structured interviews and observation tools were used to collect data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Good HH compliance among CHCPs was found to be 16.7% (95% CI: 11.3-21.3). Out of all 1218 possible HH opportunities, only 255 (20.9%) resulted in any HH action. Presence of 70% alcohol-based hand sanitiser at the point of care (aOR: 6.4, 95% CI: 1.1-38.3), HH training (aOR: 4.6, 95% CI: 1.1-18.9), displayed visual cues (aOR: 4.4, 95% CI: 1.1-17.7), knowledge about HH (aOR: 3.8, 95% CI: 1.1-13.6) and number of HH opportunities (aOR: 0.6, 95% CI: 0.4-0.8) were factors associated with HH compliance.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Overall HH compliance among CHCPs was relatively low. It was recommended to implement multimodal HH improvement strategies, including a continuous training program, supply of alcohol-based hand rub, reminder, provision of five moments of HH in the training modules and feedback on HH performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":16094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection Prevention","volume":"23 2","pages":"67-74"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8941594/pdf/10.1177_17571774211066965.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10868270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An observational study of hand hygiene compliance of surgical healthcare workers in a Nigerian teaching hospital.","authors":"Yetunde Ataiyero,&nbsp;Judith Dyson,&nbsp;Moira Graham","doi":"10.1177/17571774211066774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17571774211066774","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients sometimes contract healthcare associated infections (HCAI) which are unrelated to their primary reasons for hospital admission. Surgical site infections are the most investigated and most recurrent type of HCAI in developing countries, affecting up to one-third of surgical patients.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to assess and offer context to the hand hygiene resources available in a Nigerian teaching hospital through ward infrastructure survey, and to determine the hand hygiene compliance rate among surgical healthcare workers (HCWs) in a Nigerian teaching hospital through hand hygiene observations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ward infrastructure survey was conducted in the two adult surgical wards of the hospital using the World Health Organisation (WHO) hand hygiene ward infrastructure survey form. Hand hygiene observations were monitored over seven days in the surgical wards using a modified WHO hand hygiene observation form.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hand hygiene resources were insufficient, below the WHO recommended minimum standards. Seven hundred hand hygiene opportunities were captured. Using SPSS version 24.0, we conducted a descriptive analysis of audit results, and results were presented according to professional group, seniority and hand hygiene opportunities of the participants. Overall hand hygiene compliance was 29.1% and compliance was less than 40% across the three professional groups of doctors, nurses and healthcare assistants.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Hand hygiene compliance rates of the surgical HCWs are comparable to those in other Sub-Saharan African countries as well as in developed countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":16094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection Prevention","volume":"23 2","pages":"59-66"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8941592/pdf/10.1177_17571774211066774.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10868272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The transformation of non-ICU into ICU facilities may compromise patient safety in terms of infections.","authors":"Stelios Iordanou","doi":"10.1177/17571774211066781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17571774211066781","url":null,"abstract":"It is with great concern towatch theworldwide transformation of non-intensive care unit (ICU) into ICU facilities in a way to cope with the increased demand for ICUbeds for COVID-19 patients. Operating in an ICU requires well-trained professionals and well-established infection prevention and control (IPC), as well as antimicrobial stewardship practices by the healthcare professionals involved in patient care. Invasive devices that are often used in ICUs, such as endotracheal tubes, central vascular catheters, and urinary catheters, can potentially lead to device-associated healthcare-associated infections if IPC practices are not properly used. There is evidence that among COVID-19 patients, the most common type of infection seems to be device-associated. Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) comes first, followed by bacteremia with sepsis and urinary tract infections (UTIs) (Nag and Kaur, 2021). In a retrospective study in China, more than 30% of COVID-19 patients acquired VAP, and 24% bacteremia (He et al., 2020). DA-HAIs are known to severely increase the mortality rate (Koch et al., 2015) especially if involving a resistant, multiresistant, or pan-resistant strain of bacteria. Despite the limited data, it is believed that at least half of the patients who died from COVID-19 had coinfection with super bacteria (Nag and Kaur, 2021). Our local unpublished data indicate a high colonization rate or/and high DA-HAIs prevalence among these patients. Antimicrobial stewardship principles are another important aspect of patient care that seems to be neglected during the pandemic (Huttner et al., 2020). Bacterial infections require antimicrobials. However, distinguishing the bacterial from a viral infection is often difficult. A large proportion of COVID-19 patients, that are in the need of ICU hospitalization, present fever, cough, and radiological infiltrates, which lead to the decision of prescribing antibiotics despite the viral disease origin. It is well evidenced that the misuse of antibiotics increases resistance (Llor and Bjerrum, 2014) leading to superinfections. When ICU beds are increasing, non-trained staff recruitment is unavoidable. Additionally, the extreme environmental pressure forces staff to exhaustion. Non-well-trained staff in combination with exhaustion, increased patient disease severity, the extended length of ICU, older patient ages, and misuse of antibiotics can potentially be a lethal combination. ICUs are farmore than equipment and staff. Training the staff, establishing IPC, and antimicrobial stewardship practices take more time than that it required to transform a non-ICU facility into an ICU. Therefore, rushed decisions may severely compromise patient safety in terms of DA-HAIs and superinfections.","PeriodicalId":16094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection Prevention","volume":"23 2","pages":"79-80"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8941590/pdf/10.1177_17571774211066781.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10868271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diary.","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/17571774221085119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17571774221085119","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection Prevention","volume":"23 2","pages":"81"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8941589/pdf/10.1177_17571774221085119.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10868273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An assessment of infection prevention and control preparedness of healthcare facilities in Nigeria in the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic (February–May 2020)","authors":"Tochi Joy Okwor, Josephine G Gatua, C. Umeokonkwo, S. Abah, I. Ike, A. Ogunniyi, O. Ipadeola, Timothy A Attah, H. Assad, Jerome Dooga, A. Olayinka, J. Abubakar, J. Oladejo, O. Aderinola, C. Eneh, E. Ilori, Priscilla Ibekwe, C. Ochu, C. Ihekweazu","doi":"10.1177/17571774211060418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17571774211060418","url":null,"abstract":"Background Infection prevention and control (IPC) activities play a large role in preventing the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare settings. This study describes the state of IPC preparedness within health facilities in Nigeria during the early phase of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods We carried out a cross sectional study of health facilities across Nigeria using a COVID-19 IPC checklist adapted from the U.S Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The IPC aspects assessed were the existence of IPC committee and teams with terms of reference and workplans, IPC training, availability of personal protective equipment and having systems in place for screening, isolation and notification of COVID-19 patients. Existence of the assessed aspects was regarded as preparedness in that aspect. Results In total, 461 health facilities comprising, 350 (75.9%) private and 111 (24.1%) public health facilities participated. Only 19 (4.1%) health facilities were COVID-19 treatment centres with 68% of these being public health facilities. Public health facilities were better prepared in the areas of IPC programme with 69.7% of them having an IPC focal point versus 32.3% of private facilities. More public facilities (59.6%) had an IPC workplan versus 26.8% of private facilities. Neither the public nor the private facilities were adequately prepared for triaging, screening, and notifying suspected cases, as well as having trained staff and equipment to implement triaging. Conclusions The results highlight the need for government, organisations and policymakers to establish conducive IPC structures to reduce the risk of COVID-19 transmission in healthcare settings.","PeriodicalId":16094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection Prevention","volume":"5 1","pages":"101 - 107"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89594877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using FaceReader to explore the potential for harnessing emotional reactions to motivate hand hygiene","authors":"Sophie A. Rutter, Marc Bonne, C. Stones, C. Macduff","doi":"10.1177/17571774211060394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17571774211060394","url":null,"abstract":"Background Handwashing is a key strategy for reducing the spread of infection but hand hygiene practises are often poor. Pre-testing messages prior to a campaign is expensive and time consuming. Objective This study investigates (1) emotional reactions to handwashing messages based on four different theoretical constructs (Knowledge of Risk, Comfort, Disgust and Social Norms), (2) how images may influence emotional reactions and (3) the influence of emotion, images and theoretical construct on handwashing motivation. Methods A novel methodology was employed whereby FaceReader, software that automatically analyses emotions, was used to identify reactions to handwashing messages. Thirty-one participants from The University of Sheffield were recruited for this laboratory study. Results Most participants did not react strongly to any message and emotional reactions were similar for messages from different theoretical constructs. Adding images to text messages intensified some emotional reactions, particularly Happy and Disgusted for the two messages from the Disgust theoretical perspective. Moreover, participants thought that messages that used images were 1.8 times more likely to encourage handwashing. Knowledge of Risk messages (most encouraging) were 2.9 times more likely to be selected as encouraging handwashing than Comfort messages (least encouraging). An increase in the Disgusted emotion was also associated with an increase in encouragement. Discussion This study suggests that handwashing messages should be designed to exploit emotional reactions but more research is needed to understand how to design messages for these reactions. Whether disgust is as important post Covid-19 requires future investigation. FaceReader can be usefully and inexpensively employed to pre-test handwashing messages.","PeriodicalId":16094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection Prevention","volume":"190 1","pages":"87 - 92"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90270528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}