Journal of Infection Prevention最新文献

{"title":"Lateral effects of infection prevention measures during COVID-19 pandemic on hospital-acquired <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> infection.","authors":"Eleni Mylona, Sofia Kostourou, Fani Veini, Chrysoula Kolokotroni, Eleni Belesiotou, Katerina Kaziani, Athina Argyropoulou, Vasileios Papastamopoulos","doi":"10.1177/17571774241251662","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17571774241251662","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Systematic surveillance of <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> infection (CDI) in our institution showed a reduction in the incidence of healthcare associated CDI (HA-CDI) during COVID-19 pandemic. <b>Aim:</b> Our objective was to search for factors related to this reduction. <b>Methods:</b> We retrospectively studied the trend of the incidences of HA-CDI, Multidrug Resistant (MDR) organisms, total antibiotic and chlorine consumptions as well as the influence of the last two on the incidence of HA-CDI. <b>Results:</b> During COVID-19 pandemic, the HA-CDI incidence was reduced with respect to the previous years, although total antibiotic consumption was found to increase (<i>p</i> < .01). MDR organisms' incidence was found to increase (<i>p</i> < .01), as well as the chlorine consumption (<i>p</i> = .04) which was the only factor to be related to the decreased rates of HA-CDI (r = -0.786, <i>p</i> < .05). <b>Discussion:</b> In our institution, COVID-19 epidemic overlapped with the reduction in the HA-CDI's incidence. This could be due to faithful compliance with the contact precaution measures but then, we would expect the incidence of MDR organisms to decrease as well. Chlorine usage for environmental cleaning was generalized during pandemic. It was the only factor to be related to the decreased rates of HA-CDI, highlighting the importance of environmental cleaning as a measure for HA-CDI prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":16094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection Prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11531038/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142568397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diary.","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/17571774241285251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17571774241285251","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection Prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11412451/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142289285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of nebulization versus metered-dose inhaler utilization on viral particle dispersion in patients with COVID-19","authors":"Brian M Clemency, Candice Clay, Renoj Varughese, Carli Kennedy, Wayne Yates, Asma Lat, Ai Ling Ching, Doug Clark, David Lewin, Xianyi Chen, Mario Castro","doi":"10.1177/17571774241266420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17571774241266420","url":null,"abstract":"Conflicting guidance exists regarding the characterization of nebulization as an aerosol-generating procedure and subsequent risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to healthcare workers. This study sought to address whether SARS-CoV-2 viral load distribution was impacted by bronchodilator delivery via nebulizer versus metered-dose inhaler (MDI). Adults infected with COVID-19 were enrolled and received a single dose of albuterol sulfate nebulized solution (2.5 mg/3 mL via breath-actuated nebulizer with filtered mouthpiece) or albuterol sulfate hydrofluoroalkane inhalation aerosol (90 µg/actuation; two puffs via MDI with spacer) in a randomized crossover sequence. Air and surfaces were sampled at predefined locations within patients’ hospital rooms to assess SARS-CoV-2 dispersion over three periods (baseline, MDI, and nebulizer). Eleven patients received crossover therapy. Six patients had detectable SARS-CoV-2 RNA during one treatment period ( n = 3 each for MDI and nebulizer) and one during both treatment periods. No viral RNA was found in the rooms of four (36.4%) patients. Overall, few environmental samples (17/397; 4.3%) contained detectable viral RNA, with no meaningful differences in positivity rate across periods; RNA genome copy numbers were low in positive samples. No correlation between dispersion and patient clinical status or environmental parameters was observed. In this first prospective trial evaluating viral load distribution following use of nebulizer versus MDI in hospitalized patients with COVID-19, low environmental contamination was found regardless of administration method. Findings support the use of either device when needed to treat patients with COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":16094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection Prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141815139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neonatal complications of premature rupture of membranes in mothers receiving cefotaxime and ampicillin: A randomized clinical trial","authors":"H. Boskabadi, Ali Najafi, N. Saghafi, Sayed J Sayedi, A. Moradi, M. Zakerihamidi","doi":"10.1177/17571774241261911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17571774241261911","url":null,"abstract":"Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) is one of the most common and important causes of premature births and peripartum mortality. Maternal antibiotic treatment affects the infantile prognosis. This study was conducted to compare the efficacy of Ampicillin and Cefotaxime administered for the parturients on neonatal outcomes. A comparison between the effects of Cefotaxime and Ampicillin on infantile complications of PROM was done in this clinical trial. Two hundred and twenty parturients with PROM who needed antibiotic therapy were randomized in two groups of control (Ampicillin) and intervention (Cefotaxime) treatments. The maternal/fetal statuses up to accouchement and the infants’ status up to transfer to neonatal intensive care unit, death, or discharge from hospital were followed. The Apgar score, cardiac, respiratory and nervous systems, infection, immaturity, asphyxia, and mortality rates were compared in both groups. The differences between the two groups were significant in: Apgar score min1 and min5, need for resuscitation, asphyxia, need for hospitalization, infection, and mortality rate. Administration of Cefotaxime in parturients with PROM improved the Apgar scores and decreased respiratory complications, infection, asphyxia, mortality rate, and need for ICU hospitalization in infants.","PeriodicalId":16094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection Prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141818552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of mask fit testing data associated with protocols utilized in evaluating the efficacy of N95 masks for health care workers","authors":"Jody Hook, Louisa M. Sasko, Sheree M.S. Smith","doi":"10.1177/17571774241266400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17571774241266400","url":null,"abstract":"Quantitative mask fit testing (QNFT) is the gold standard to confirm the correct fit of a N95/P2 mask to ensure health care workers protection from airborne viruses. Using the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) guidance indicates a final fit test result is a cumulative score derived from manoeuvres within the OSHA protocol. The protocol-based manoeuvres mimic aspects of clinical care by health professionals and mask fit testing is conducted to provide protection from airborne viruses and pollutants within a care setting. To determine whether studies undertaking QNFT report the results of individual manoeuvres of the OSHA protocol. A comprehensive search strategy for the systematic review was developed to determine eligible studies, published between May 2011 and May 2021. Two researchers independently screened all full text articles retrieved and all disagreements were resolved through discussion. The search found 557 studies. After removing 119 duplicates, 437 articles were reviewed based on title and abstract, 411 studies were excluded. Twenty-seven full text articles were assessed for eligibility, all were excluded for the following reasons: study did not report the results of the long or short OSHA protocol (12), study did not assess mask fit using the long or short OSHA protocol (10), article type (discussion/commentary/editorial) or wrong study type (1). Despite the use of very broad search terms no eligible studies were found and the result was declared an empty review. Internationally accepted QNFT protocols have a number of manoeuvres that reflect health care workers’ physical movements during the delivery of clinical care. Studies of mask fit testing appear to lack the reporting of outcomes for each manoeuvre with only the cumulative results being provided. This finding raises the need to understand potential risk from a mask leak during the delivery of clinical care as evidenced by failing a manoeuvre during mask fit testing. Further research is required to understand the importance of passing each mask fit testing manoeuvre and the relationship to airborne protection during the delivery of clinical care.","PeriodicalId":16094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection Prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141818869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors responsible for student nurses' use of non-sterile gloves: An exploratory qualitative study.","authors":"Jennifer Bate","doi":"10.1177/17571774241238686","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17571774241238686","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Disposable non-sterile gloves are part of the personal protective equipment (PPE) to be considered to protect oneself from the risk of infection. They have subsequently become the topic of concern related to increased use, inappropriate use, and potentially increasing the risk of cross-infection and environmental impact of plastic waste.</p><p><strong>Aim/objective: </strong>This study aimed to explore the views of pre-registration student nurses about non-sterile glove use in clinical practice and to identify the factors that impact student nurses' decision on whether to wear non- sterile gloves.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a social constructivist approach, the study was organised in a higher education institution. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with second year student nurses, utilising a theoretical domains framework (TDF).</p><p><strong>Findings/results: </strong>The key findings showed that students had limited awareness of the national infection prevention and control best practice procedures. The primary influential factors for non-sterile gloves use behaviour were personal protection, the type of care interventions required and the observations of peers and role models.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The study found limited awareness on the importance of infection prevention and control precautions, including the correct procedure for donning, and doffing of personal protection equipment, along with a lack of confidence to challenge non-compliance.</p>","PeriodicalId":16094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection Prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11268239/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141763978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diary","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/17571774241259261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17571774241259261","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection Prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141710686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occlusive wound dressings: A greenhouse for bacteria?","authors":"V. Scheer, Johan H Scheer, Anders Kalén, Lena Serrander","doi":"10.1177/17571774241261923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17571774241261923","url":null,"abstract":"The modern wound dressing is produced to absorb fluid and protect against external contamination. The choice of which wound dressing to apply after surgery is usually based on local tradition. There are various impervious dressings on the market. Even if the wound is sterile before application, there will be subsequent recolonisation of skin microbiota. Previous studies suggest that a high bacterial load on the skin hampers wound healing and might be a risk for SSI. The aim was to compare bacterial recolonisation on the shoulder under three different wound dressings, 48 h after sterile preparation of the skin as in preparation for surgery. In 25 healthy volunteers, a standard pre-surgical skin disinfection for a deltopectoral incision was made on the left shoulder with 0.5% chlorhexidine solution in 70% ethanol. Three different wound dressings were then placed on the shoulder, and 48 h later the skin beneath each dressing was swabbed, subsequently cultured and bacterial density analysed using viable count. The bacterial recolonisation under air-dry (gauze) dressing was significantly lower ( p = .0001) compared to semipermeable and occlusive wound dressings. Choosing a less permeable wound dressing may lead to an increased bacterial load on the skin during the first 48 h after surgery.","PeriodicalId":16094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection Prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141337567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theoretical models applied to understand infection prevention and control practices of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review","authors":"Deepti Kc, Jan Smith, Kay Currie, Valerie Ness","doi":"10.1177/17571774241251645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17571774241251645","url":null,"abstract":"Effective infection prevention and control (IPC) practices among healthcare workers are crucial to prevent the spread of COVID-19 and other infections in healthcare settings. To synthesise evidence on behaviour change theories, models, or frameworks applied to understand healthcare workers’ IPC practices during the COVID-19 pandemic. PubMed, EBSCOhost interface, ProQuest interface, MEDLINE (Ovid), and grey literature were searched for primary studies published between December 2019 and May 2023. The Mixed Method Appraisal Tool evaluated the methodological quality of the studies. Two reviewers independently completed study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment. The search yielded 2110 studies, of which 19 were included. Seven behaviour change theories, models, and frameworks were identified, with the Health Belief Model and Theoretical Domains Framework being the most employed. Based on these theories, models, and frameworks, the included studies identified cognitive, environmental, and social factors influencing healthcare workers’ compliance with COVID-19 IPC practices. This review offers insights into the critical role of behavioural change theories, models, or frameworks in understanding the factors influencing healthcare workers’ compliance with IPC practices during COVID-19. It also highlights the potential of these theories in guiding the development of evidence-based interventions to improve healthcare workers’ compliance with IPC practices.","PeriodicalId":16094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection Prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140966762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementing a community-based antimicrobial stewardship intervention in Malaysia","authors":"A. H. Mohammed, Angelina Lim, Bassam Abdul Rasool Hassan, A. Blebil, Juman Dujaili, D. Ramachandram, Hawar Sardar Hassan, Arooj Abid","doi":"10.1177/17571774241251650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17571774241251650","url":null,"abstract":"In Malaysia, the unregulated use of antibiotics and lack of awareness about antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among pharmacists pose significant challenges. Implementing community-based Antimicrobial Stewardship (AMS) initiatives is crucial to address the rising AMR. We developed a bespoke AMS intervention, aligned with the World Health Organization’s AMS modules, as a 2-day online educational seminar for community pharmacists. The effectiveness of the workshop was evaluated using pre- and post-seminar questionnaires, focusing on AMS knowledge and attitudes towards antimicrobial usage. Among 528 participants, 489 completed both questionnaires. Pre-seminar, only 59% correctly understood the concept of antibiotic resistance reversibility, which improved to 85.9% post-seminar ( p = .002). The average AMS knowledge score increased from 5/10 to 8/10 post-intervention ( p < .05). A significant improvement was also noted in pharmacists’ ability to select appropriate antibiotic therapies, particularly for urinary tract infections, with an increase from 78% to 90% correct responses. The AMS seminar was well-received and significantly improved the AMS knowledge of community pharmacists. The results underline the need for more AMS-focused interventions in this demographic in Malaysia, contributing to the development of formalized AMS programs. Such initiatives are expected to enhance antibiotic use awareness, encourage optimal antibiotic practices, and positively shift professional conduct in community settings.","PeriodicalId":16094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection Prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141005248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}