Journal of Human Kinetics最新文献_第7页

Unique Athletic Gut Microbiomes and Their Role in Sports Performance: A Narrative Review. 独特的运动肠道微生物群及其在运动表现中的作用：叙述回顾。

IF 2.8 3区医学

Journal of Human Kinetics Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.5114/jhk/202642

Kinga Humińska-Lisowska, Paweł P Łabaj, Kinga Zielińska

{"title":"Unique Athletic Gut Microbiomes and Their Role in Sports Performance: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Kinga Humińska-Lisowska, Paweł P Łabaj, Kinga Zielińska","doi":"10.5114/jhk/202642","DOIUrl":"10.5114/jhk/202642","url":null,"abstract":"The human gut microbiome, a diverse community of microorganisms, plays a crucial role in digestion, metabolism, immune function, and brain health. Key metabolites produced by the gut microbiota, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and bile acids, are essential for energy production, metabolic regulation, and immune system modulation. The gut microbiome's composition is influenced by factors including diet, exercise, sleep, and age, and disruptions are linked to various health conditions. Elite athletes exhibit unique gut microbiota profiles that contribute to their exceptional performance and recovery. Their microbiomes are not only richer, but also possess unique microorganisms and functional capabilities, alongside distinct genetic landscapes that support their high-level physiological demands. This review focuses specifically on the athletic gut microbiome, exploring how it differs from that of an active or a sedentary individual, adapts to different training phases, extreme conditions like heat and hypoxia, and prolonged exertion. It highlights the dual role of the gut microbiome in both enhancing athletic performance and potentially contributing to disease development, particularly due to the prolonged exertion and stress associated with years of intense competition. The review also explores the implications of microbiome changes following periods of intense physical activity and their impact on the athlete's overall health. Finally, it evaluates athlete-specific interventions, including prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics, aimed at mitigating negative effects on the gut microbiome while supporting health and optimizing performance.","PeriodicalId":16055,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Kinetics","volume":"99 ","pages":"79-97"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12612807/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145540812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Indirect Influence of Stroke Performances on Point Scoring and Conceding in the Four Primary Table Tennis Match Formats. 乒乓球四种主要赛制中击球动作对得分和失分的间接影响。

IF 2.8 3区医学

Journal of Human Kinetics Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.5114/jhk/196651

Jiangchuan Yu, Zhifeng Huang

{"title":"The Indirect Influence of Stroke Performances on Point Scoring and Conceding in the Four Primary Table Tennis Match Formats.","authors":"Jiangchuan Yu, Zhifeng Huang","doi":"10.5114/jhk/196651","DOIUrl":"10.5114/jhk/196651","url":null,"abstract":"The indirect impact of stroke performance on the dynamics of winning and losing points in table tennis has been seldom explored. This study aimed to uncover and contrast the nuances of stroke execution-both the techniques utilized and the strategic ball placements-in four principal types of table tennis matches: right-handed versus right-handed (RRM), right-handed versus left-handed (RLM), left-handed versus right-handed (LRM) and left-handed versus left-handed (LLM). These matches exhibit distinct indirect effects on rally outcomes, categorized as positive (winner-assisting) and negative (momentum-diminishing). Our analysis encompassed 190 men's singles matches with a total of 15916 points played. Employing chi-square tests for multiple bivariate analyses and subsequent post-hoc pairwise comparisons, we found that for the development of winner-assisting strokes, the ball placements from the normal sidespin serve, backspin/no-spin serve, short push, long push, forehand flip, backhand flip, and both non-topspin and topspin loop/drives for both the forehand and the backhand had small to large effects (p < 0.05-0.001, ES: 0.084-0.266). Similarly, for the induction of momentum-diminishing strokes, the ball placements from the aforementioned serves, short/long push, and flips, along with the non-topspin and topspin loop/drives, blocks and lobs, yielded small to moderate effects (p < 0.05-0.001, ES: 0.050-0.206). These insights are invaluable, enabling professionals to grasp table tennis strategies, enhance training, and execute match plans with precision.","PeriodicalId":16055,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Kinetics","volume":"99 ","pages":"223-237"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12612813/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145540846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effectiveness of Individualized Training Programs Based on the Optimal Force-Velocity Relationship to Develop Athletes' Jump Performance: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. 基于最佳力-速度关系的个体化训练方案对运动员跳远成绩发展的有效性：系统回顾与meta分析。

IF 4 3区医学

Journal of Human Kinetics Pub Date : 2025-09-23 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.5114/jhk/201963

Zhaoqian Li, Peng Zhi, Xing Zhang, Junbei Bai, Amador García-Ramos, Danica Janicijevic

{"title":"Effectiveness of Individualized Training Programs Based on the Optimal Force-Velocity Relationship to Develop Athletes' Jump Performance: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Zhaoqian Li, Peng Zhi, Xing Zhang, Junbei Bai, Amador García-Ramos, Danica Janicijevic","doi":"10.5114/jhk/201963","DOIUrl":"10.5114/jhk/201963","url":null,"abstract":"This systematic review with meta-analysis evaluated whether individualized training programs tailored to an athlete's F-V profile were more effective than non-individualized programs (i.e., without considering the athlete´s F-V profile) in decreasing F-V imbalances and enhancing jump height and maximal power (Pmax). A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO and Cochrane Library databases from inception until April 19th 2024. Pooled meta-analysis and subgroup meta-analysis were performed using the random-effects and fixed-effects models. The individualized training program was more effective at reducing the F-V imbalance compared to the non-individualized training program (SMD = 0.59 [95%, p < 0.001), but no significant differences were reached for jump height (SMD = 0.50, p = 0.059) and Pmax (SMD = 0.10, p = 0.543). Regarding subgroup analyses, differences were found only between the velocity-deficit subgroup and the non-individualized group with the former showing greater reductions in the F-V imbalance (SMD = 1.28, p < 0.001) and greater improvements in jump height (SMD = 0.77, p = 0.010), but no significant differences were noted for Pmax (SMD = 0.40, p = 0.165). No significant differences in the F-V imbalance, jump height or Pmax were obtained between force-deficit and well-balanced subgroups compared to the non-individualized group. Individualized training programs are more effective at reducing F-V imbalances than non-individualized programs because they target specific segments of the F-V profile. However, pooled evidence suggests that individualized training is only more effective at enhancing jump height for athletes experiencing a velocity-deficit at the start of the training program.","PeriodicalId":16055,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Kinetics","volume":"100 ","pages":"219-236"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12946861/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147326281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of a Talent Development Environment on Sport Commitment: The Case of Chinese Athletes. 人才发展环境对运动承诺的影响：以中国运动员为例

IF 2.8 3区医学

Journal of Human Kinetics Pub Date : 2025-09-23 eCollection Date: 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.5114/jhk/208751

Xiaolong Zhang, Xin Wei

{"title":"Impact of a Talent Development Environment on Sport Commitment: The Case of Chinese Athletes.","authors":"Xiaolong Zhang, Xin Wei","doi":"10.5114/jhk/208751","DOIUrl":"10.5114/jhk/208751","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to examine the effect of various factors in the talent development environment (TDE) on the sport commitment of Chinese athletes and whether this effect differed across various sport levels. We surveyed 176 Chinese athletes using a questionnaire. Stepwise regression and five-fold cross-validation were used to identify key factors in the TDE that influenced sport commitment. Multiple linear regression was then used to examine differences across sport levels. Long-term development focus had a significant positive effect on the sport commitment of sub-elite and elite athletes (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). The support network negatively affected sport commitment only in sub-elite athletes (p < 0.01), while long-term development fundamentals positively influenced sport commitment only in elite athletes (p < 0.05). Creating a TDE that aligns with the requirements of long-term development focus is beneficial for enhancing sport commitment. The application of support networks should be directed toward long-term success while avoiding excessive emphasis on short-term success. Although the stage-specific nature of athlete development and the unique characteristics of the China's sports system may limit the immediate effect of long-term development fundamentals on sport commitment in the early stages of an athlete's career, their role in preventing burnout underscores their continued importance. This study provides a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for enhancing sport commitment and offers a potential pathway to addressing premature retirement among Chinese athletes.","PeriodicalId":16055,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Kinetics","volume":"99 ","pages":"291-303"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12612833/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145540982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Novel Approach to Improving Squat Jump Performance: The Pre-Loaded Squat Jumps. 一种提高深蹲跳性能的新方法：预加载深蹲跳。

IF 4 3区医学

Journal of Human Kinetics Pub Date : 2025-09-23 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.5114/jhk/200809

Zhengqiu Gu, Zhili Chen, Kaifang Liao, Chris Bishop, Chong Gao, Fogen Zhong, Shengji Deng, Xinxin Wang, Jianxi Wei, Yongming Li

{"title":"A Novel Approach to Improving Squat Jump Performance: The Pre-Loaded Squat Jumps.","authors":"Zhengqiu Gu, Zhili Chen, Kaifang Liao, Chris Bishop, Chong Gao, Fogen Zhong, Shengji Deng, Xinxin Wang, Jianxi Wei, Yongming Li","doi":"10.5114/jhk/200809","DOIUrl":"10.5114/jhk/200809","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aimed to explore the acute effects of a novel preloading strategy on squat jump (SJ) kinetics and kinematics from 0 to 50% body mass. Twenty-one male college athletes (mean ± SD: age = 23.29 ± 3.15 yrs, body mass = 75.50 ± 6.20 kg, body height = 178.07 ± 6.45 cm and body fat content = 13.71 ± 5.45%) completed three different jump tasks across two testing sessions: a SJ, a preloaded SJ (10-50% body mass) and a countermovement jump (CMJ). Applying preloading before the SJ resulted in significant, trivial to small increases in jump height (F(5,15) = 3.76 , p = 0.01, η2 = 0.16). However, there was no significant effect of preloading on peak power, peak force and peak velocity. The maximum peak power (5128.28 ± 459.38 W vs. 5047.97 ± 447.67 W, p = 0.04; g = 0.17) and maximum peak force (1810.72 ± 150.35 N vs. 1775.50 ± 155.54 N, p = 0.03; g = 0.25) were reached at the load of 20% body mass, which was significantly higher than in the SJ with no preloading applied. Jump height, peak force and peak velocity in the 10-50% body mass preloading SJ tests were not significantly different from those in the CMJ. Preloading before a SJ results in meaningful improvements in jump performance, particularly in peak power. Athletes in sports requiring high jump performance can use preloading SJ strategies to enhance lower limb explosive power and jump height.","PeriodicalId":16055,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Kinetics","volume":"100 ","pages":"27-37"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12946863/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147326290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rotational vs. Straight Landings: Exploring Task-Specific Responses to Inform ACL-Injury Risk Screening. 旋转与直线着陆：探索任务特异性反应，为acl损伤风险筛查提供信息。

IF 4 3区医学

Journal of Human Kinetics Pub Date : 2025-09-23 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.5114/jhk/200765

Parunchaya Jamkrajang, Sarit Suwanmana, Chuanpis Boonkerd, Jasper Verheul

{"title":"Rotational vs. Straight Landings: Exploring Task-Specific Responses to Inform ACL-Injury Risk Screening.","authors":"Parunchaya Jamkrajang, Sarit Suwanmana, Chuanpis Boonkerd, Jasper Verheul","doi":"10.5114/jhk/200765","DOIUrl":"10.5114/jhk/200765","url":null,"abstract":"Rotational landing tasks have the potential to support screening methods for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) specific injury risk. However, alterations in lower-limb kinematics and kinetics during rotational landings, and sex-specific responses, are currently largely unexplored. This study, therefore, explored the differences in lower-limb kinematic and kinetic characteristics between rotational and straight landings, and the sex-specific responses to rotational landings. Thirty-six healthy team-sport athletes (eighteen males and eighteen females) performed straight bilateral and unilateral landings, and rotational (clockwise and counterclockwise) landings, from a box while lower-limb kinematics and ground reaction forces (GRFs) were recorded. Rotational landings were found to emphasise (p < 0.001) hip flexion angles at initial contact and peak vertical GRF. Differences between males and females (p < 0.001) were identified during rotational landings (but not straight landings) for peak ankle dorsiflexion and time to peak vertical GRF, with significant task-sex interactions. Compared to the bilateral landing, unilateral tasks affected the magnitude or highlighted sex-specific differences for nine and one biomechanical characteristics, respectively. Together, these outcomes provide further insights into lower-limb kinematic and kinetic responses to rotational landings. These findings offer additional support for the use of rotational, as well as unilateral elements, for ACL-injury risk screening practice.","PeriodicalId":16055,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Kinetics","volume":"100 ","pages":"63-73"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12946873/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147326246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High-Intensity Interval Training and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training Affect Running Economy in Endurance Runners: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. 高强度间歇训练和中等强度连续训练对耐力跑者跑步经济性的影响：随机对照试验的系统回顾和荟萃分析。

IF 4 3区医学

Journal of Human Kinetics Pub Date : 2025-09-23 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.5114/jhk/205427

Yangya Feng, Daxin Li, Yangli Liu, Donghui Tang

{"title":"High-Intensity Interval Training and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training Affect Running Economy in Endurance Runners: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.","authors":"Yangya Feng, Daxin Li, Yangli Liu, Donghui Tang","doi":"10.5114/jhk/205427","DOIUrl":"10.5114/jhk/205427","url":null,"abstract":"This systematic review evaluated the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on running economy (RE) in endurance runners. The search was completed in March 2024 based on research databases, and the language of publication was restricted to English. The primary outcome measure was RE, and it was categorized into three subgroups: Zone 1 (Z1), Zone 2 (Z2), and Zone 3 (Z3). The secondary outcomes assessed were maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and blood lactate concentration. HIIT significantly improved RE compared to MICT (SMD = 0.44, 95% CI [0.15, 0.72], Z = 3.01, p < 0.05). MICT showed a greater effect on VO2max (MD = 2.48, 95% CI [1.61, 3.34], Z = 5.60, p < 0.05). HIIT was more effective at reducing blood lactate levels (MD = -0.15, 95% CI [-0.28, -0.02], Z = 2.20, p < 0.05). The results indicate that HIIT was more effective than MICT in enhancing RE and delaying lactate accumulation. HIIT can further improve RE and postpone blood lactate accumulation when performed at or below the lactate threshold (≤ Z2). VO2max was more pronounced with MICT. These findings suggest that endurance runners and coaches should choose appropriate methods to optimize physiological adaptations.","PeriodicalId":16055,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Kinetics","volume":"100 ","pages":"113-134"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12946864/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147326321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of Surface Stability on Muscle Activation during Plank Exercise. 平板支撑运动中表面稳定性对肌肉激活的影响。

IF 4 3区医学

Journal of Human Kinetics Pub Date : 2025-09-23 eCollection Date: 2026-04-01 DOI: 10.5114/jhk/203417

Ali F Sağlam, Erbil M Aydın, Erkan Demirkan, Burak Gündoğan, Michael Favre

{"title":"Effects of Surface Stability on Muscle Activation during Plank Exercise.","authors":"Ali F Sağlam, Erbil M Aydın, Erkan Demirkan, Burak Gündoğan, Michael Favre","doi":"10.5114/jhk/203417","DOIUrl":"10.5114/jhk/203417","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to compare rectus abdominis (RA) and anterior deltoid (AD) muscle activation during plank exercise performed on different unstable surfaces. Sixteen recreationally active males participated in this study. A ground surface was used as a stable surface (SS), whereas gymnastics rings (GR) and the Bosu ball (BB) were used as unstable surfaces. Under the dual instability (DI) condition, participants placed their feet in the GR and elbows on the BB. Participants performed plank exercise under four different conditions. Muscle activation was measured in the upper rectus abdominis (URA), lower rectus abdominis (LRA), and anterior deltoid (AD) muscles during plank exercise. One-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to statistically compare muscle activation among the conditions. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Analysis showed that URA muscle activity was significantly greater under the DI condition than under the SS and BB conditions. In addition, URA muscle activity was greater under the GR than the SS condition. LRA muscle activity was significantly greater under the DI condition compared to the other conditions. In contrast, AD muscle activity was greater under the SS than the DI condition. In conclusion, these findings indicated that RA muscle activation was greatest on the dual instability surface, while AD muscle activation was greatest on the stable surface. Dual instability plank exercise may be a better choice than single instability and stable surface plank exercise for URA and LRA activation.","PeriodicalId":16055,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Kinetics","volume":"102 ","pages":"35-43"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13215240/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148054866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of Intrinsic and Orbital Angular Momentum on the Swimming Individual and Relay Starts Performance. 固有角动量和轨道角动量对游泳个人和接力赛起跑性能的影响。

IF 4 3区医学

Journal of Human Kinetics Pub Date : 2025-09-23 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.5114/jhk/202263

Enrique Navarro, Alfonso Trinidad, Santiago Veiga

{"title":"Effects of Intrinsic and Orbital Angular Momentum on the Swimming Individual and Relay Starts Performance.","authors":"Enrique Navarro, Alfonso Trinidad, Santiago Veiga","doi":"10.5114/jhk/202263","DOIUrl":"10.5114/jhk/202263","url":null,"abstract":"There is currently a lack of knowledge about the rotational component of competitive starting techniques using starting blocks equipped with an adjustable back plate and its effect on water entry. The aim of the present study was to examine the angular momentum components of the current competitive swimming starts and to compare the contribution of the body segments to the rotational component of the individual kick start and the relay step start techniques. The block and aerial starting movements of eleven competitive swimmers during an individual and relay start from an Omega OSB11 were filmed at 120 Hz. The total body and the segmental contributions to the intrinsic and orbital components of the angular momentum were computed. Regardless of the type of the start, the orbital rotation of the body segments around the swimmer's centre of mass accounted for a large proportion (between 89 and 91%) of the total angular momentum. At the take-off, the total angular momentum was greater in relay step starts than in individual kick starts (η2 = 0.71). However, the competitive swimmers showed larger lower limb entry angles during the individual kick start (291.5 ± 1.8° vs. 282.2 ± 3.4°), related to a greater segmental contribution of lower limbs (56.5% ± 2.8) to the total angular momentum (η2 = 0.76). The adjustable back plate of the block provided a greater rotational component for the lower limbs in the individual kick start (compared to the relay step start), which assisted swimmers in achieving a better body posture at the water entry.","PeriodicalId":16055,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Kinetics","volume":"100 ","pages":"39-50"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12946870/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147326351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Do Different Interdependencies within a Sport Affect the Perceived Motivational Climate, Use of Spontaneous Self-Talk, Positivity or Precompetitive Anxiety? 一项运动中不同的相互依赖是否会影响感知到的动机气氛、自发自言自语的使用、积极性或赛前焦虑？

IF 4 3区医学

Journal of Human Kinetics Pub Date : 2025-09-23 eCollection Date: 2026-04-01 DOI: 10.5114/jhk/204776

Luis Arturo Gómez-Landero, Francisco Javier Santos-Rosa, Xoana Reguera-López-de-la-Osa, Cervelló Eduardo

{"title":"Do Different Interdependencies within a Sport Affect the Perceived Motivational Climate, Use of Spontaneous Self-Talk, Positivity or Precompetitive Anxiety?","authors":"Luis Arturo Gómez-Landero, Francisco Javier Santos-Rosa, Xoana Reguera-López-de-la-Osa, Cervelló Eduardo","doi":"10.5114/jhk/204776","DOIUrl":"10.5114/jhk/204776","url":null,"abstract":"Comparative studies often find conflicting psychological differences between individual and team sports, likely due to mixing sports with different levels of interdependence and structures. To address this issue, this study focused on the same sport, comparing individual rhythmic (IR) and team rhythmic (TR) gymnastics modalities. The study aimed to assess differences in the perceived motivational climate, self-talk, positivity, and precompetitive anxiety between these two groups, and to identify psychological predictors of precompetitive anxiety. Seventy-six senior female gymnasts were divided into IR (n = 41, aged 15.41 ± 2.47 years) and TR (n = 35, aged 15.22 ± 2.59 years) groups. Results showed that TR gymnasts perceived a greater ego-involved climate, indicating higher intra-team rivalry, and used more positive self-talk in training, leading to better confidence and concentration. However, no significant differences in overall positivity were found. IR gymnasts increased their use of positive self-talk from training to competition, whereas TR gymnasts remained consistent. Self-confidence was lower in IR gymnasts, though both groups had similar levels of somatic and cognitive anxiety. While IR gymnasts showed more associations with competitive anxiety, the predictors of anxiety were the same for both groups: negative self-talk during training and positivity. In conclusion, the study highlights the role of positivity and self-talk in managing competitive anxiety, with a focus on controlling team rivalry in TR gymnastics and promoting self-confidence and positive self-talk in IR gymnastics specially during training. The study recommends grouping sports by interdependence and structures to better understand psychological differences between individual and team sports.","PeriodicalId":16055,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Kinetics","volume":"102 ","pages":"227-240"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13215235/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148054832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0