Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres最新文献

{"title":"Climate Feedbacks Derived From Spatial Gradients in Recent Climatology","authors":"P. Goodwin, R. G. Williams, P. Ceppi, B. B. Cael","doi":"10.1029/2024JD043186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JD043186","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Climate feedbacks, including Planck, surface albedo, water vapor-lapse rate (WVLR) and cloud feedbacks, determine how much surface temperatures will eventually warm to balance anthropogenic radiative forcing. Climate feedbacks remain difficult to constrain directly from temporal variation in observed surface warming and radiation budgets due to the pattern effect and low signal-to-noise ratio, with only order 1°C historic rise in surface temperatures and high uncertainty in aerosol radiative forcing. This study presents a new method to analyze climate feedbacks from observations by empirically fitting simplified reduced-physics relations for outgoing radiation at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) to observed spatial variation in climate properties and radiation budgets. Spatial variations in TOA outgoing radiation are dominated by the dependence on surface temperature: around 91% of the spatial variation in clear sky albedo, and 77% of spatial variation in clear sky TOA outgoing longwave radiation, is functionally explained by variation in surface temperatures. These simplified and observationally constrained relations are then differentiated with respect to spatial contrasts in surface temperature to reveal the Planck, fixed-cloud albedo (<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>λ</mi>\u0000 <mtext>albedo</mtext>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${lambda }_{text{albedo}}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>) and WVLR (<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>λ</mi>\u0000 <mtext>WVLR</mtext>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${lambda }_{text{WVLR}}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>) climate feedbacks spatially for both clear sky and all sky conditions. The resulting global all sky climate feedback values are <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>λ</mi>\u0000 <mtext>WVLR</mtext>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${lambda }_{text{WVLR}}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> = 1.28 (1.13–1.45 at 66%) Wm<sup>−2</sup>K<sup>−1</sup>, and <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>λ</mi>\u0000 <mtext>albedo</mtext>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${lambda }_{text{albedo}}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> = 0.64 (0.53–0.74) Wm<sup>−2</sup> for the period 2003–2023, reducing to 0.35 (0.29–0.41) Wm<sup>−2</sup>K<sup>−1</sup> under 4°C warming after cryosphere retreat. Our findings a","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":"130 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JD043186","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144473237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toarcian Greenhouse Warming Shifted Climate Belts Poleward With Global Change Implications","authors":"Yan Wang,&nbsp;Micha Ruhl,&nbsp;Jian Cao,&nbsp;Wenxuan Hu,&nbsp;Dongming Zhi,&nbsp;Yong Tang,&nbsp;Jinchao Liu","doi":"10.1029/2024JD043219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JD043219","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Atmospheric convection is predicted to change in response to anthropogenic global warming, leading to a poleward expansion of the Hadley cells and associated arid climate belts. The magnitude of possible latitudinal change in the position of climate belts is, however, poorly understood. Here, we address this issue based on a case study of the early Toarcian (late Early Jurassic) Oceanic Anoxic Event (T-OAE, ∼183 Ma), one of the most significant global change events of the Phanerozoic, characterized by elevated humidity and major disturbances to terrestrial ecosystems on land. We present new leaf-wax <i>n</i>-alkanes δ¹³C data from the high-paleo-latitude Junggar Basin (northwest China) spanning the T-OAE and develop a time–space framework of plant-fractionation change, from low- to high-paleolatitudes across this time interval. We show that significant latitudinal changes in humidity occurred across the T-OAE (∼10°), likely because of a significant northward expansion of the low-latitude arid belts to mid-paleo-latitudes, and by inference a latitudinal expansion of the Hadley cells. This has important implications for the anthropogenic global warming and its effects on climate belts.</p>","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":"130 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144367302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Muted ENSO Modulation of Tropical Cyclone Outer Size Over the Western North Pacific in Recent Decades","authors":"Shi-Qi Yu,&nbsp;Yi-Peng Guo,&nbsp;Xin Qiu,&nbsp;Kekuan Chu,&nbsp;Yi Zhang","doi":"10.1029/2024JD042740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JD042740","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Utilizing a data set of objectively estimated tropical cyclone (TC) size based on deep learning algorithms, this study investigates the relationship between the interannual variation of TC outer size over the western North Pacific and El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) during July–September from 1981 to 2017. The size of TCs is measured by the mean radius of gale-force winds at their lifetime maximum intensity. Our results reveal an abrupt decadal change in the ENSO-TC size relationship: the annual mean TC size exhibited a strong correlation with the Niño 3.4 SST index before 1998, but this correlation has significantly weakened since then. This change is primarily attributed to the more uniform distributions of cyclone expansion rate (CER) across ENSO phases during the past two decades. Climatically, environmental conditions favorable for TC size expansion weaken with increasing latitude, resulting in a dominant meridional gradient of CER. Before 1998, TC activity displayed a pronounced north-south contrast between El Niño and La Niña years, leading to a significantly higher mean CER for TCs during El Niño episodes. In recent decades, however, interannual variations in TC genesis density have shifted to a southeast-northwest dipole pattern. This shift, along with changes in TC tracks, has substantially increased the latitudinal overlap of TC occurrences between warm and cold phases, thereby narrowing differences in CER distributions. Concurrently, changes in environmental conditions have become more favorable for TC size expansion during La Niña years, further reducing disparities in TC size distributions across ENSO phases.</p>","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":"130 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144472814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Moist Orographic Gravity Wave Drag Parameterization on Summer Circulation and Heavy Rainfall","authors":"Y. J. Wang,&nbsp;J. P. Wu,&nbsp;F. K. Yin,&nbsp;X. Xu,&nbsp;T. Chen,&nbsp;X. R. Yang,&nbsp;P. K. Xiao,&nbsp;K. J. Ren","doi":"10.1029/2025JD043666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JD043666","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Subgrid-scale orographic gravity wave drag (OGWD) significantly influences atmospheric circulation and weather systems. However, Current OGWD schemes, based on the “dry air” assumption, struggle to meet high-precision simulation demands. This study uses the moist OGWD scheme that incorporates moisture effects in gravity wave surface stress and vertical propagation of waves to simulate the global summer circulation in 2023 and three recent heavy rainfall events in China. In this scheme, moist buoyancy frequency varies with moisture: it decreases with abundant moisture and increases with less moisture, compared to the original scheme. Results show that buoyancy frequency differences alter low-level blocking height and drag, directly affecting gravity wave surface stress. During the vertical propagation of gravity waves, reduced tropospheric buoyancy frequency increases wave amplitudes and reduces Richardson number in moist scheme, which enhances tropospheric wave breaking and reduces waves propagation to the stratosphere. This increases tropospheric OGWD and decreases stratospheric OGWD, improving positive biases of troposphere westerly winds and negative biases of stratosphere easterly winds in Northern Hemisphere (NH) mid-high latitude, as well as the bias in the stratospheric jet near the Antarctic. The moist OGWD scheme also improves simulations of three recent heavy rainfall cases. In the Henan extreme rainfall, moist buoyancy frequency decreases due to abundant water vapor. Increased tropospheric OGWD weaken circulation and moisture transport to western and northern mountainous areas, intensifying rainfall and improving underestimation. The moist OGWD scheme partially addresses the limitations of “dry air” assumption, improving atmospheric circulation and heavy rainfall simulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":"130 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144367169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional and Seasonal Hydrological Changes With and Without Stratospheric Aerosol Intervention Under High Greenhouse Gas Climates","authors":"Abolfazl Rezaei,&nbsp;John Moore,&nbsp;Simone Tilmes,&nbsp;Khalil Karami","doi":"10.1029/2025JD044163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JD044163","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Stratospheric aerosol intervention (SAI) is being explored for its potential to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) induced climate damages. We assess the effectiveness of two SAI experiments, G6Sulfur and Geo SSP5-8.5 1.5 (here called Geo-SAI), using the CESM2(WACCM6) model to reduce hydrological changes under high-emission SSP5-8.5 (no mitigation) pathway. Geo-SAI stabilizes near surface global temperatures at 1.5°C above preindustrial levels, whereas G6Sulfur limits temperature rises to those under the SSP2-4.5 scenario. In our findings, Geo-SAI reverts many, but not all, hydrological changes induced by SSP5-8.5 restoring global and regional means, seasonal amplitudes, and peak timings. G6Sulfur delivers smaller restorations, as expected, due to its smaller prescribed forcing. In hyperarid regions such as the Middle East, both SAI scenarios improve water storage compared with both SSP5-8.5 and present conditions. However, in wetter or cooler climates, such as the Amazon, middle and southern Africa and east Europe, they only partly reverse the reductions in available water (AW) and runoff caused by high GHG emissions. Residual warming and snowmelt dynamics play an important role in runoff at mid-to-high latitudes. Additionally, SAI does not completely suppress GHG-induced vegetation expansion and so over-reduces global runoff in three latitude bands: 45°–65°N, 45°–65°S, and 30°S to 0 with end-of-century decreases of 4.1% under G6Sulfur and 7.3% under Geo-SAI despite mean AW levels remaining close to present-day. These findings emphasize that although SAI mitigates many climate-driven hydrological disruptions, its unintended effects on runoff, vegetation feedback, and regional water availability warrants study—especially in regions heavily dependent on surface water resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":"130 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144367170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precipitation Over Complex Mountain Terrain in a Convection-Permitting Regional Climate Model","authors":"Stephen J. Stuart,&nbsp;Samuel M. Dean,&nbsp;Andrew N. Mackintosh,&nbsp;Abha Sood,&nbsp;Peter B. Gibson,&nbsp;Stuart Moore,&nbsp;Elizabeth J. Kendon","doi":"10.1029/2024JD042773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JD042773","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Orographic precipitation is a critical freshwater source and major flooding hazard, but its distribution and behavior over complex terrain are often uncertain due to sparse observations. We examine precipitation and its drivers in one of the wettest regions in the world, the Southern Alps of New Zealand (NZ), using the first multi-decadal simulation by a convection-permitting regional climate model across all mainland NZ at 2.2 km grid-scale. Model skill is primarily assessed against direct measurements by more than 170 rain gauges to avoid uncertainty commonly introduced by gridded observations in remote regions. Peak intensity and duration of sub-daily rainfall over mountains appear markedly improved in the 2.2 km model relative to the 12 km driving model. The orientation of water vapor flux relative to the mountain barrier strongly affects both climatological and daily extreme precipitation. Transects illustrate the influence of steep local topography on strong landfalling atmospheric rivers to produce high vertical velocities and extremely high accumulations of rainfall over windward upper mountain flanks, which do not appear unreasonable against available gauge observations. These transects also reveal the finer spatial structure of mountain waves in the 2.2 km model, which may contribute to its more realistic windward enhancement of orographic precipitation, but with excessive leeward precipitation and an annual mean dry bias over mountains. Despite the computational burden, these results support further targeted dynamical modeling at kilometer scales to improve physical understanding of precipitation in the current climate and its potential future change in NZ and other mountainous regions of the world.</p>","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":"130 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JD042773","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144367172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Soil Moisture in Northern Tibetan Plateau on Summer Precipitation in Northwest China","authors":"Fuquan Lu,&nbsp;Haipeng Yu,&nbsp;Zeyong Hu,&nbsp;Yongkun Xie,&nbsp;Dongping Bai,&nbsp;Xin Wang,&nbsp;Shanling Cheng,&nbsp;Haojie Wu,&nbsp;Bofei Zhang","doi":"10.1029/2025JD043690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JD043690","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Soil moisture (SM) on the Tibetan Plateau (TP), a crucial climate variable with “memory,” influences the East Asia climate by modulating surface energy and water vapor exchanges. Understanding the relationship between TP soil moisture (TPSM) and summer precipitation in Northwest China (NWC) is essential for improving climate predictions for East Asia. However, most existing studies have focused on the connection between TPSM and the climate of East Asian monsoon region, whereas the mechanisms by which TPSM influence precipitation in NWC, a nonmonsoonal area, remain underexplored. This study investigates how spring anomalies of TPSM persist into summer and influence summer precipitation in NWC. The results indicate that anomalies in spring TPSM can initiate a positive feedback with precipitation, which affects the intensity of plateau monsoon and contributes to the persistence of SM anomaly from spring to summer. During summer, positive SM anomalies in northern TP facilitate maintaining cyclonic circulation anomalies over western TP and trigger eastward-propagating Rossby waves that induce anticyclonic circulation anomalies over eastern NWC. The anomalous circulation results in upward motion in the western NWC and subsidence in the eastern NWC enhancing precipitation in the western NWC while reducing the precipitation in the north. Finally, the findings from the circulation analysis are validated through numerical model simulations. This study provides valuable insights into the climatic effects of TPSM and offers important implications for precipitation prediction in NWC.</p>","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":"130 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144367171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Integrated Analysis of Ozone and Carbon Monoxide Over the Western Pacific Using Satellite and Aircraft Measurements During the ACCLIP Summer Campaign 2022","authors":"Juseon Bak,&nbsp;Joowan Kim,&nbsp;Ja-Ho Koo,&nbsp;Laura L. Pan,&nbsp;Ju-Mee Ryoo,&nbsp;Paul A. Newman,&nbsp;Alessandro Franchin,&nbsp;Xiong Liu,&nbsp;Gonzalo G. Abad,&nbsp;Hyo-Jung Lee,&nbsp;WonBae Jeon,&nbsp;Cheol-Hee Kim","doi":"10.1029/2024JD042771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JD042771","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The western Pacific exhibited a complex interplay of monsoonal dynamics and transport during the Asian Summer Monsoon Chemical &amp; Climate Impact Project (ACCLIP) airborne field campaign in summer 2022. We analyze in situ observations of ozone (O₃) and carbon monoxide (CO) from 29 research flights—profiling over South Korea and cruising over the western Pacific —and balloon soundings in South Korea and Taiwan. In the upper troposphere (UT), a twofold enhancement in CO was observed across the mid-latitudes of the western Pacific, driven by large-scale uplift and outflow associated with the Asian Summer Monsoon (ASM) system. Observational evidence of enhanced UT O₃ in conjunction with its primary precursor, nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), was also presented. Satellite observations from the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) and Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) were integrated with two selected flight cases to explore transport events and to provide broader spatial context. On July 31, the ASM anticyclone manifested in two distinct modes, South Asia High (SAH) and Western Pacific High (WPH). The SAH was filled with polluted air masses uplifted from the Asian boundary layer while the WPH was sustained by deep maritime convection. Both flight and satellite data captured polluted air parcels over the tropical western Pacific that had detached from the “main” anticyclonic eddy. By examining the case on August 6, we observed that the western Pacific was strongly modulated by low-level westerlies and the eastward extension of the ASM anticyclone and isentropic mixing near the tropopause.</p>","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":"130 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JD042771","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144336080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zonal Asymmetry in Ozone Variations Over Antarctic Stations During the Life Cycle of Sudden Stratospheric Warmings","authors":"Ruixian Yu,&nbsp;Asen Grytsai,&nbsp;Gennadi Milinevsky,&nbsp;Oleksandr Evtushevsky,&nbsp;Andrew Klekociuk,&nbsp;Yu Shi,&nbsp;Oleksandr Poluden,&nbsp;Xiaolong Wang,&nbsp;Oksana Ivaniha","doi":"10.1029/2024JD042896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JD042896","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The zonal asymmetry in the Antarctic total ozone column (TOC) has been widely studied in recent decades. However, little is known about how spatially dependent the TOC response is to sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs). This paper analyzes the connection of zonally asymmetric variations of TOC with SSWs in September 1988, 2002, and 2019. The analysis is based on time series for 16 Antarctic research stations, gridded fields (MSR-2 TOC data), and the amplitude of zonal waves 1 and 2 in geopotential height (MERRA-2 reanalysis). We use a superposed epoch analysis for ±60-day time lags relative to the SSW central date to capture the main stages of the SSW life cycle. According to the TOC asymmetry pattern, a division between the Eastern Hemisphere (EH) and Western Hemisphere (WH) stations is used. The main results are zonally asymmetric variations in TOC anomalies near the SSW onset with the stronger (weaker) maximum in EH (WH), statistically significant at the 95% (89%) confidence level; precursor properties of the persistently growing positive anomalies in EH, and difference in timing of response maxima at day 0 in EH and day 7 in WH. These are previously unknown regional manifestations of Antarctic TOC anomalies. The results reveal statistically significant indicators of the possible SSW onset with a 1–2 weeks lead time. The dominant role of wave 1 and the zonally asymmetric Brewer–Dobson circulation in the observed EH–WH asymmetry is discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":"130 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144336108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Soil Moisture Heterogeneity on Temperature-Humidity Dissimilarity in the Convective Boundary Layer","authors":"Cheng Liu,&nbsp;Heping Liu,&nbsp;Jianping Huang,&nbsp;Xiaozhen Fang,&nbsp;Ren-Guo Zhu,&nbsp;Wei Guo,&nbsp;YuanYuan Pan","doi":"10.1029/2025JD043698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JD043698","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Surface moisture heterogeneity degrades temperature-humidity (&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;θ&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; $theta $&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;-&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;q&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; $q$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;) similarity in the atmospheric surface layer, yet the underlying physical mechanisms driving this dissimilarity remain underexplored. This study employs large-eddy simulations coupled with a land-surface model to investigate &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;θ&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; $theta $&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;-&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;q&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; $q$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; similarity in the convective boundary layer (CBL) over surfaces with varying scales of surface moisture heterogeneity. Results reveal that as the heterogeneity scale increases, patch-scale thermally induced circulations develop and interact with cellular turbulent organized structures, significantly altering scalar transport and turbulence dynamics. The patch-scale thermally induced circulations enhance horizontal advection, modify the production and transport of scalar variances, and lead to a disproportionate increase in the standard deviations of temperature (&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;σ&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;θ&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; ${sigma }_{theta }$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;) and humidity (&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;σ&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;q&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; ${sigma }_{q}$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;), accompanied by a reduction in &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;θ&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; $theta $&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;-&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;q&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; $q$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; covariance (&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mover&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":"130 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025JD043698","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144331901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}