{"title":"Ulinastatin inhibits microglia activation in spinal cord via P2Y12 receptor in a rat neuropathic pain model.","authors":"Ying Shi, Huizhong Wen, Jian Cui, Wanxiang Qin","doi":"10.1080/01478885.2022.2163792","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01478885.2022.2163792","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ulinastatin, a broad spectrum of serine protease inhibitor, has been found to alleviate neuropathic pain (NPP). However, its mechanism is not completely clear. Here, a sciatic nerve ligation rat model and BV2 microglial cells were used to investigate the effect of Ulinastatin on the activation of microglia and P2Y12 receptors in vivo and in vitro. Levels of P2Y12 receptor and NF-κB (P65) expression in the dorsal horn of the lumbar enlargement region of the spinal cord and BV2 cells were assessed by immunohistochemistry and double-label immunofluorescence assays. Levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in cell culture medium and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were examined by ELISA. The results showed that Ulinastatin reduced the release of inflammatory IL-1β and TNF-α by inhibiting the activation of spinal microglia. Ulinastatin down-regulated P2Y12 receptor and NF-κB (P65) expression in the spinal microglia of the chronic constrictive injury model. The results indicated that Ulinastatin may attenuate the activation of spinal microglia after peripheral nerve injury by inhibiting the activation of P2Y12 receptor signal pathway in microglia. NF-kB may play a key role in the mechanism of Ulinastatin.</p>","PeriodicalId":15966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Histotechnology","volume":"46 1","pages":"39-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9096747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cell culture: <i>in vitro</i> model system and a promising path to <i>in vivo</i> applications.","authors":"Chongbei Zhao","doi":"10.1080/01478885.2023.2170772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01478885.2023.2170772","url":null,"abstract":"In the 1800s, scientists discovered a useful alternative to in vivo research, the in vitro cell culture system. Cell culture has been widely used in academia and industry for diverse issues such as cell biology research to vaccine production and cancer drug discoveries. This article will provide a brief introduction and summary of cell culture history with some key milestones and discuss the future of cell culture from the author’s perspective. When talking about cells, what comes to mind? For me, it is the most well-known cell line, HeLa. HeLa cells were the first immortalized human cell line and may be one of the most important scientific discoveries of the last century. In 1951, HeLa cells were isolated and propagated from cervical cancer tissue from a patient named Henrietta Lacks (HeLa) by Johns Hopkins researcher, Dr George Gey. Since then, this cell line has played an important role in many scientific discoveries, from outer space research to the COVID-19 vaccines, and of course, cancer research all over the world. Other important cell lines include the hybridomas established in 1975 (hybrid cell lines that produce antibodies), mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) established in 1981, and human ESCs in 1998. Most recently, in 2006, the world was amazed by the exciting discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) which were reprogrammed from adult cells back to ESC-like states as a promising alternative to ESCs. In both basic and translational research, cell culture is an indispensable tool. It is becoming more important with the rapid development of reprogramming, gene editing, and in vitro differentiation as well as threedimensional (3D) culture and bioprinting technologies.","PeriodicalId":15966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Histotechnology","volume":"46 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10841996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correction.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/01478885.2025.2480901","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01478885.2025.2480901","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Histotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"i-iv"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143674086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Test Your Knowledge.","authors":"Brooke H Dubansky, Glenda F Hood","doi":"10.1080/01478885.2022.2126110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01478885.2022.2126110","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Histotechnology","volume":"45 4","pages":"203"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33502010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Susan Haller, Rebecca M Marton, Kevin A Marroquin, Eliah R Shamir
{"title":"Improved handling and embedding schemes for cultured murine neuroretinal explants.","authors":"Susan Haller, Rebecca M Marton, Kevin A Marroquin, Eliah R Shamir","doi":"10.1080/01478885.2022.2119639","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01478885.2022.2119639","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traumatic, inherited, and age-related degenerative diseases of the retina, such as retinal detachment, retinitis pigmentosa, and age-related macular degeneration, are characterized by the irreversible loss of retinal neurons. While current treatments aim to prevent neuronal degeneration, there are no available treatments to restore neurons after loss. Cultured murine neuroretinal tissue explants model retinal injury and offer a high throughput approach to identify experimental interventions capable of regenerating neurons. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) preparations of murine neuroretinal explants can be used to identify cells throughout the retinal layers to provide information on proliferation and activity following exposure to therapeutics. However, retinal explants are friable, particularly after <i>ex vivo</i> culture, sample handling and FFPE processing steps can result in tissue loss and damage. Friability also prohibits bisecting samples post-culture to display more than one region of interest for analysis. We developed a sample handling and embedding technique for cultured murine neuroretinal explants using Histogel<sup>TM</sup> in combination with a post-processing trimming step that eliminates tissue loss, increases cross-sectional retinal representation, and captures proximal and central retina on one slide to facilitate analysis of explants subjected to neurotrophic compounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":15966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Histotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33500243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Color atlas of human gross pathology","authors":"S. Lau","doi":"10.1080/01478885.2022.2123126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01478885.2022.2123126","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Histotechnology","volume":"45 1","pages":"202 - 202"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48794766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Patrick S Potoczak, Beverly I Strassmann, Claudius Vincenz
{"title":"A new method for the sampling and preservation of placental specimens in low-resource settings for the identification of <i>P. falciparum</i> and analysis of nucleic acids.","authors":"Patrick S Potoczak, Beverly I Strassmann, Claudius Vincenz","doi":"10.1080/01478885.2022.2088191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01478885.2022.2088191","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Collection, preservation, and shipment of histological specimens in low-resource settings is challenging. We present a novel method that achieved excellent preservation of placental specimens from rural Mali by using formalin fixation, ethanol dehydration, and long-term storage in a solar-powered freezer. Sample preservation success was 92%, permitting evaluation of current and past malaria infection, anemia, placental maturity, and inflammation. Using RNAscope® hybridization we were able to visualize cell-specific gene expression patterns in the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimens. Additionally, our method entailed mirrored sampling from the two cut faces of a cotyledon, one for the FFPE workflows and the other for storage in RNAlater™ and RNA-seq.</p>","PeriodicalId":15966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Histotechnology","volume":"45 3","pages":"116-119"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9437128/pdf/nihms-1821218.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10505111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Željka Dragila, Dora Rudić, Klara Ćosić, Tatjana Bačun
{"title":"Serum glucose, sodium and potassium concentrations in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis.","authors":"Željka Dragila, Dora Rudić, Klara Ćosić, Tatjana Bačun","doi":"10.17392/1471-22","DOIUrl":"10.17392/1471-22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aim To investigate possible differences in serum glucose and sodium and potassium concentrations with respect to age, gender and severity of diabetic ketoacidosis. Methods Medical records from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2019 were reviewed and patients with the diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis were selected. Results The study included 52 patients. Glucose concentration was significantly higher in the age group of 25-44 and >65 years compared to the group of 18-24 years (p=0.02). Sodium concentration was significantly higher in the age group 18-24 and >65 years compared to groups 25-44 and 45-65 years (p=0.002). Females had significantly higher sodium concentration than males (p=0.002). Potassium concentration was significantly higher in the age group 25-44 years compared to other groups (p=0.01). Males had significantly higher potassium concentration (p =0.01). Conclusion This study showed that significant differences exist in electrolyte concentration between specific age groups, male and female gender as well as DKA severity. Knowing these differences could help clinicians to promptly recognize and treat electrolyte derangements, leading to better outcome of patients with DKA.</p>","PeriodicalId":15966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Histotechnology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87607375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}