Journal of Histotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Application of dyes to cytology cell blocks and biopsy tissues before processing enhances specimen visualization during embedding and microtomy.","authors":"Sheila Criswell,&nbsp;Jada Sutton","doi":"10.1080/01478885.2021.1909357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01478885.2021.1909357","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cytology specimens and biopsy tissues are frequently small and pale, making them difficult to visualize grossly in paraffin. Ten dyes were assayed on small tissues to determine if specimen discernibility could be increased during the embedding and microtomy steps in the histological process. The ideal dye should not remain visible in a tissue section microscopically after subsequent staining and must not interfere with immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays. This study found that Harris hematoxylin and 1% aq. toluidine blue solution were the best labelers for gross tissue visualization and did not adversely affect post-processing staining and IHC assays.</p>","PeriodicalId":15966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Histotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01478885.2021.1909357","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39235959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1 (LPCAT1) expression confers aggressiveness and independently predicts recurrence in bladder urothelial carcinomas.","authors":"Eman Abdelzaher Ahmed,&nbsp;Amany Abdel Bary Abdel-Latif,&nbsp;Ahmed Mahmoud Fahmy,&nbsp;Ibtesam Elzarrouk Mania","doi":"10.1080/01478885.2021.1924971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01478885.2021.1924971","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bladder urothelial carcinomas are diverse in terms of biological behavior and this reflects the underlying complex metabolic and molecular pathways. Novel biomarkers that could assist in the management and outcome prediction of bladder urothelial carcinomas are eagerly needed. Recently, overexpression of lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1 (LPCAT1), a key enzyme in lipid metabolism, has been implicated in the evolvement of several tumors. In this study, LPCAT1 immunohistochemical expression was evaluated and statistically analyzed in 60 bladder urothelial carcinomas in relation to other clinicopathological parameters including the patient outcome. Twenty non-neoplastic bladder tissues served as a control group. Cases were followed up for a mean period of 9 months. LPCAT1 was expressed in all bladder urothelial carcinoma cases with two distinct patterns designated as high and low nuclear expression. Low LPCAT1 nuclear expression was detected in urothelial carcinoma cases as compared to the control group. Similarly, low nuclear expression of LPCAT1 was associated with high grade and invasive tumors and could independently predict tumor recurrence and short survival. In conclusion, LPCAT1 downregulation might be involved in bladder urothelial carcinoma tumorigenesis and could contribute to tumor aggressive phenotype. Retained LPCAT1 expression is an independent predictor of tumor recurrence and it represents a promising prognostic marker for patients' risk stratification.</p>","PeriodicalId":15966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Histotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39302190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Volumetric histological characterization of optic nerve degeneration using tissue clearing: literature review and practical study.","authors":"April Myers,&nbsp;Jonathan Ford,&nbsp;Summer Decker,&nbsp;Fiona Crawford,&nbsp;Radouil Tzekov","doi":"10.1080/01478885.2021.1938808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01478885.2021.1938808","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tissue clearing technologies can greatly improve the depth and accuracy with which the three-dimensional structure of tissues, especially those of th*-e nervous system, can be visualized. A review of the present literature suggests that the growing diversity and sophistication of various approaches have contributed to the expansion of this method to a greater variety of tissue types, experimental conditions, and imaging modalities. In the proof-of-concept study presented in this paper, a simplified and modified version of the tissue clearing method CUBIC (clear, unobstructed brain imaging cocktails and computational analysis) was used in conjunction with fluorescent staining and immunohistochemistry to illustrate the three-dimensional structure and molecular characteristics of inflammatory and degenerative activity in the mouse optic nerve. Based on the studies summarized in this mini-review, and our impression from using the mCUBIC method, it appears that tissue clearing could be a viable approach revealing three-dimensional histological features of myelin-rich tissues under normal conditions and after injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":15966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Histotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01478885.2021.1938808","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39235186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of ergot alkaloid exposure during gestation on the microscopic morphology and vasculature of the ovine placenta.","authors":"J L Britt,&nbsp;R R Powell,&nbsp;C McMahan,&nbsp;T F Bruce,&nbsp;S K Duckett","doi":"10.1080/01478885.2021.1902670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01478885.2021.1902670","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ergot alkaloids, a class of mycotoxins associated with ergotism, act as agonists on serotonin (5HT) receptors, specifically 5HT2a, which mediate smooth muscle contraction and vasoconstriction. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of ergot alkaloid exposure during mid and late gestation on microscopic placental structure and vascular development. Ewes were fed endophyte-infected tall fescue seed containing ergot alkaloids (E+/E+, 1.77 mg ewe^-1 d^-1) or endophyte-free tall fescue seed (E-/E-, 0 mg ergot alkaloids) during both mid (d 35 to d 85) and late gestation (d 86 to d 133). On d 133 of gestation, a terminal surgery was performed and two placentomes of the type B morphology were collected for microscopic analyses. Amorphous connective tissue regions were larger (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) and more numerous (<i>p</i> = 0.025) in the placentome of ergot alkaloid exposed ewes. Staining showed no difference (<i>p</i> = 0.83) in the number of vessels present, but luminal area of maternal vasculature was 117% greater (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) in ergot alkaloid exposed ewes. Results showed that exposure to ergot alkaloids during gestation slowed maturation of the fetal villi as indicated by greater amorphous connective tissue regions, and altered size and shape of blood vessels to counteract reductions in blood flow caused by vasoconstriction.</p>","PeriodicalId":15966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Histotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01478885.2021.1902670","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9422798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The road from cytotoxins to immunohistochemistry.","authors":"Izak B Dimenstein","doi":"10.1080/01478885.2020.1804234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01478885.2020.1804234","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review article traces the immunohistochemistry ancestry of cytotoxins as antibodies. The immunohistochemistry success, as a diagnostic and research test, stood on the shoulders of negative and positive experimentation results with cytotoxins from the first half of the twentieth century. This is when experimental immunologists came with the understanding of the need for both antigen and antibody purification to achieve specificity of the immunological reaction. Simultaneously, protocols were developed, which involved injecting antigenic material into experimental animals. During this time, reliable methods for evaluation of antiserum strength or titer were established. The evolution of antigen preparation for immunofluorescence is presented here as one of the transitional steps to modern immunohistochemistry. This work paved the way for the development of the monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies methodology. The article is written from the author's perspective as an experimental immunologist and a hands-on participant during many steps of development in modern morphological laboratory diagnostics. Knowledge of the roots of immunohistochemistry is useful for laboratory professionals in appreciation of predecessors' contributions. Familiarity with history of experimental immunology would be beneficial for understanding the methodological principles of their current work as well as future development prospects.</p>","PeriodicalId":15966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Histotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01478885.2020.1804234","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38363261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mesenchymal adipose stem cells maintain the capacity for differentiation and survival in culture beyond the long term.","authors":"Cynthia G Trejo-Iriarte,&nbsp;Miguel A Ortega,&nbsp;Ángel Asúnsolo,&nbsp;José F Gómez-Clavel,&nbsp;Alejandro García Muñoz,&nbsp;Melchor Álvarez- Mon,&nbsp;Julia Buján,&nbsp;Julio Acero,&nbsp;Natalio García-Honduvilla","doi":"10.1080/01478885.2021.1953248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01478885.2021.1953248","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mesenchymal cells (MSCs) are considered to be cellular populations of common embryological origin. For clinical research applications, MSCs are expanded and increased with cells obtained from a primary culture. By extracting cells from tissue and encouraging them to reproduce, the stem cell population ends up dominating the culture due to a high proliferation rate and self-renewal. The first subcultures between the third and sixth are chosen in order to obtain the maximum number of cells with optimal differentiation capacity. However, few studies have reported long-term cultivation of MSCs. The objective of this study was to advance the knowledge on the characteristics of MSCs by assessing their capacity for self-renewal and phenotypic maintenance beyond 50 cell subcultures, which is defined as the normal limit for cellular survival. Rat subcutaneous adipose tissue was the source of mesenchymal adipose stem cells (MASCs) cultured over 175 subcultures. Early 1 to 5 and late 25 to 30 subcultures were used to induce cellular differentiation to become adipogenic, chondrogenic and osteogenic connective tissue cells. MASCs characteristics were studied using flow cytometry, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and immunohistochemical and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assays. The MASCs maintained cell differentiation capacity for more than 30 subcultures but lost potentiality starting at 60 up to 175 subcultures. MASCs showed the embryonic phenotypes OCT3/4 and Nanog indefinitely, and developed compensatory mechanisms, such as autophagy, to achieve cell survival over a long time period. Therefore, long-term subcultures showed that MASCs could maintain their potential for clinical research use.</p>","PeriodicalId":15966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Histotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39326997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Test Your Knowledge.","authors":"Brooke H Dubansky","doi":"10.1080/01478885.2021.1993602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01478885.2021.1993602","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Histotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39949422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toluidine blue staining of murine mast cells and quantitation by a novel, automated image analysis method using whole slide skin images.","authors":"Nivethitha Raja,&nbsp;Sangmesh Naikodi,&nbsp;Arunprasath Govindarajan,&nbsp;Kamalavenkatesh Palanisamy","doi":"10.1080/01478885.2021.1915934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01478885.2021.1915934","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mast cells are immune cells of myeloid lineage, characterized by the presence of cytoplasmic granules. These cells play a significant role in multiple pathologies, such as urticaria and type 1 hypersensitivity reactions. Mast cells in tissue sections can be demonstrated with metachromatic stains, such as toluidine blue. Metachromatic staining of mast cells is influenced by the type of mast cell, pH of the staining solution and fixative employed. The objective of this study is to identify a simple, consistent, and reproducible toluidine blue staining method to quantify the mast cells in whole slide skin images using automated image analysis. Skin sections from naive mice and atopic dermatitis mice were stained with toluidine blue methods by Churukian-Schenk and Luna. Luna's toluidine blue staining method without the eosin counterstaining provided optimal staining of mast cells with a greater contrast to the background. The Churukian-Schenk toluidine blue method resulted in slight background staining which confounded the accurate detection and quantification of mast cells in mouse skin sections using an automated image analysis algorithm. Using the Luna toluidine blue stain, a 5-fold increase in the total number of mast cells was observed in atopic dermatitis skin samples as compared to naive mice. In summary, a simple, conventional, and reproducible toluidine blue method was identified to quantify the mast cells in mouse skin sections using an automated image analysis algorithm.</p>","PeriodicalId":15966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Histotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38920149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2021 Journal of Histotechnology awardees and what this December issue has to offer.","authors":"Gayle M Callis","doi":"10.1080/01478885.2021.1992897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01478885.2021.1992897","url":null,"abstract":"Journal of Histotechnology (JOH) awards were presented at the virtual 2021 National Society for Hisotechnology convention this past September. The Outstanding Publication in JOH for 2021 (formerly Diamond Cover Award) was presented to Katherine Crosby and her coauthors for YAP vs. TAZ: differences in expression revealed through vigorous validation of target-specific monoclonal antibodies [1]. The JOH Editor’s Award went to Dr. Sheila Criswell for her interaction with JOH as an author, reviewer, and Editorial Board member. Congratulations to the awardees and a thank you for your contributions and continuous support to JOH. This issue has a ‘first’ article with a video accompanying April Myers and colleagues' paper on tissue clearing, which has innovative methodologies developed over the last 22 years. This paper is a review of various clearing methods with one used in this practical study using fluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and creating 3D structure to visualize optic nerve degeneration. For those doing cell cultures, the paper by Bujan and colleagues is interesting in that mesenchymal adipose stem cell cultures can be sustained over a very long period of time. The Duckett group from Clemson exclusively used frozen sections to study the effect of ergot alkaloid exposure during gestation on ovine placenta along with double immunofluorescence assays, fluorescence lectin histochemistry, and hematoxylin and eosin staining. For anyone who has never conducted a full study using only cryomicrotomy, full admiration must be given to this group for the amount of work and time involved as compared to using NBF-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. Eman Abdelzaher Ahmed along with her colleagues has returned to JOH with a study on Egyptian patients with bladder urothelial cancer, the 9 most common cancer worldwide, with LPCAT1 conferring aggressiveness and predicting recurrence of this cancer. One paper is a stroll through history with Izak Dimenstein in his review and participation on the early development of immunohistochemistry when antibodies were defined as cytotoxins from the end of the 19 century to the present time immunohistochemistry. Two technical notes are on practical applications to consider using in laboratories. One deals with the problem encountered in everyday work in visualizing tissue samples during the embedding and microtomy process. Criswell and Sutton performed a comprehensive study on various dyes and stain solutions applied to cell blocks and tissue specimens to enable sample visibility at embedding and microtomy. They also evaluated whether the dyes would interfere with routine staining and some IHC assays. Histotechnicians may want to try the two dying methods determined to work best to have samples more visible at embedding and microtomy. The other paper by Palanisamy and colleagues reported using a novel automated image analysis for quantitating toluidine blue stained murine mast cells. Importantly, this article shows that image","PeriodicalId":15966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Histotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39949423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atlas of diagnostic and predictive histopathology","authors":"S. Lau","doi":"10.1080/01478885.2021.1996990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01478885.2021.1996990","url":null,"abstract":"This is the second edition of a pathology atlas on diagnostic and predictive histopathology, with a stronger emphasis on the former than the latter. The book is divided into 16 chapters with one chapter on basic pathology which also includes many infectious diseases and one chapter on predictive histopathology including breast markers and hematolymphoid markers. The remaining 14 chapters deal with the various organ systems in the body. Each disease entity is usually represented by a low power and a higher power photomicrograph followed by photomicrographs or diagrams of special studies such as immunohistochemistry, FISH and flow cytometry. The book is comprehensive with numerous illustrations, and it covers most disease entities one is likely to encounter in day-to-day practice. The captions are well written and easy to follow. In the next edition of this atlas, the authors may want to include the predictive markers with the organ system instead of having a separate chapter in the middle of the book. They may also want to include some of the staging and classification systems which have been omitted from the book. A reference would also be helpful for those who may want more information on a particular topic. An index of the different disease entities either in the beginning of each chapter or at the end of the book would make for easier search. Overall, this is an excellent illustrated pathology atlas covering many disease entities and serves as a great reference for most pathology laboratories.","PeriodicalId":15966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Histotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47098210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}