Emily R Sekera, Anoop Murthy Kavirayani, Pam Johnson, Heather Sheppard, Roman Kiselev, John J Bowling
{"title":"Creating synergy between established histology methods and newer spatial analysis modalities using fresh frozen tissues.","authors":"Emily R Sekera, Anoop Murthy Kavirayani, Pam Johnson, Heather Sheppard, Roman Kiselev, John J Bowling","doi":"10.1080/01478885.2025.2530258","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01478885.2025.2530258","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissues are a mainstay in contemporary histology and pathology practice and represent the most readily available and widely used sample format that has guided early studies and set standards for a new field of spatial biology. However, fixed tissues are not always suitable for all molecular applications and detection of certain molecular targets can be suppressed by these practices. There is a greater diversity of analysis techniques that are commercially available to researchers today, and pathologists and core services are now engaging with groups that prefer fresh-frozen samples more than ever before. Some of these analysis techniques can be characterized as 'label-free' and access unique classes of molecular targets in situ. Our team has developed tools and procedures to facilitate a synergy between the realm of label-free spatial biology and the histology laboratory for biomedical discovery programs. Herein, we discuss the development of 3D printed cassette holders for use in a variety of commercially available cryostats. This apparatus was tested using fresh frozen tissue slices embedded in hydroxypropyl methylcellulose polyvinylpyrrolidone for subsequent analyses. Based on our tests, we propose this protocol as an option to better preserve sample history during the lifetime of a specimen and curtail the decomposition of any lower abundance endogenous chemical moieties for spatial 'omics' analysis using mass spectrometry.</p>","PeriodicalId":15966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Histotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"173-184"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144690434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Histotechnology at the crossroads of innovation: why morphology is the foundation of New Approach Methodologies.","authors":"Elizabeth Chlipala, Chongbei Zhao","doi":"10.1080/01478885.2026.2726094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01478885.2026.2726094","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Histotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148865431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohamed M Haq, Curtis Benson, Meik Kunz, Elim Y L Cheung
{"title":"Unraveling myoepithelial cell plasticity in breast cancer: a transcriptomic approach.","authors":"Mohamed M Haq, Curtis Benson, Meik Kunz, Elim Y L Cheung","doi":"10.1080/01478885.2026.2655881","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01478885.2026.2655881","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Myoepithelial cells (MECs) are integral to mammary gland physiology, classically serving a structural and tumor-suppressive role. While their function in normal breast tissue and ductal carcinoma in situ is well characterized, their behavior in human invasive breast cancer has not been previously examined. In this study, we performed a comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of MECs isolated from seven archived human breast cancer specimens, directly comparing them with MECs from adjacent normal tissue to define gene expression changes associated with invasive progression. The analysis revealed marked transcriptomic reprogramming across three key domains: extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and cellular signaling. Notable findings include stromal remodeling characterized by overexpression of 17 distinct collagen genes; compromise of the basement membrane through upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs 2, 9, 11, and 14); and dysregulation of epithelial markers (KRT5, KRT7, KRT14), consistent with a phenotypic shift toward a cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF)-like state. In addition, increased expression of pro-tumorigenic mediators such as SPARC, POSTN, and integrin subunits was observed. Despite the limited sample size, these results indicate substantial molecular plasticity in MECs, suggesting a transition from a tumor-suppressive to a tumor-promoting phenotype during invasive disease. Overall, this study identifies a fundamental shift in myoepithelial identity and provides a critical framework for future investigations into the role of MEC plasticity in driving breast cancer progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":15966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Histotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"162-172"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147874393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Short communication - the advantages of omitting iron hematoxylin in the Masson's trichrome stain.","authors":"Sheila Criswell","doi":"10.1080/01478885.2026.2721687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01478885.2026.2721687","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The trichrome stain for collagen fibers is one of the most common special stains performed in the routine histology laboratory. Over many decades, the stain has been modified to best suit the users in respect to type of tissue, workflow and time restrictions, financial limitations, availability of reagents, and personal preference. While trichrome stains often have 3 color components, black for nuclei, red for cytoplasm, and blue or green for collagen, omitting iron hematoxylin step producing a dichromatic stain generates the benefits of abbreviating the staining time and reducing cost while preserving the overall quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":15966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Histotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148829045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evolution of tissue processing.","authors":"Sheila Criswell","doi":"10.1080/01478885.2026.2718450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01478885.2026.2718450","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Methods of processing histology tissues have undergone many positive changes over the past decades to include reduction in safety hazards, standardization of reagents/timing/temperatures of processing steps, and implementation of automation to reduce turnaround time, improve efficiency, and enhance reproducibility. A brief history, current standardized processes, and newer developments are described here.</p>","PeriodicalId":15966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Histotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148761945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ankush U Patel, Danielle Pirain, Monika Lamba Saini
{"title":"The evolving role of the histotechnologist in digital, value based healthcare.","authors":"Ankush U Patel, Danielle Pirain, Monika Lamba Saini","doi":"10.1080/01478885.2026.2700086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01478885.2026.2700086","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Digital pathology and value-based healthcare (VBHC) are converging to reshape diagnostic medicine, yet the histotechnologist, whose tissue preparation enables every glass slide and whole slide image (WSI), remains largely invisible in this transformation. This article reframes the histotechnologist from technical operator to strategic value creator whose work directly shapes diagnostic accuracy, turnaround time, cost-per-case, and the quality metrics that increasingly govern reimbursement. Although laboratory testing accounts for roughly 2.3-2.5% of healthcare spending while informing nearly 70% of clinical decisions, its value-makers are seldom represented in VBHC planning. Mapping histotechnology onto established frameworks (Porter's value agenda and Clinical Lab 2.0), we show how bench-level practice translates into institutional performance. Because an estimated 60-70% of laboratory errors arise in the pre-analytical phase that histotechnologists primarily control, specimen fidelity becomes a measurable driver of clinical and financial outcomes. We argue that standardized, high-quality slide preparation is a prerequisite for reliable WSI and artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted diagnosis, positioning histotechnologists as the essential human quality-control layer for computational pathology. Amid workforce shortages, burnout, and reimbursement pressures including the 2014 US Protecting Access to Medicare Act (PAMA), we outline actionable workforce-development strategies to align histotechnology with digital, value-based care and realize the promise of AI in laboratory medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":15966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Histotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148603902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Catriona Dunn, David Brettle, Peter Ellery, Darren Treanor
{"title":"The impact of stain variation and colour normalisation on tissue stain intensity and automated nuclear counting: a multi-site study.","authors":"Catriona Dunn, David Brettle, Peter Ellery, Darren Treanor","doi":"10.1080/01478885.2026.2680825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01478885.2026.2680825","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Variation in H&E staining is often a confounder when comparing data in multi-site studies, and impacts on the generalisability of AI models. In this paper, slides containing serial sections of control liver tissue were sent out to eight clinical laboratories in England to stain over a two-week period. H&E staining optical density was quantified from the WSIs to measure the level of stain variation present within, and between, the eight laboratories. The laboratories used similar staining instruments and reagents, but their H&E stain durations varied. Intra-laboratory consistency was high (9-12% variation) but inter-laboratory variation was higher (maximum median difference of 31%) and the eight laboratories were statistically significantly different (<i>p</i> < 0.001). In addition, multiple colour-normalisation algorithms were applied to the image data using a range of target images. An automated nuclear count was then applied as an indicator of the impact of colour normalisation on the dataset and compared with pathologist manual 'ground truth' count. From three representative labs, the manual 'ground truth' nuclear counts ranged between 129 and 249, and the automated nuclear counts ranged between 152 and 621. Colour normalisation did improve inter-laboratory automated count variation (QCD) from 10% to 5%, but the results varied, particularly depending upon target image selection. The results from this work suggest that colour normalisation may improve consistency between slides but has the potential to be a confounder in its own right.</p>","PeriodicalId":15966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Histotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148375846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preservation of tophi in the modified Gomori methenamine silver procedure for urates.","authors":"Lauren Van Aken, Andrew Bielli, Joseph A Esposito","doi":"10.1080/01478885.2025.2550125","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01478885.2025.2550125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There are several variations of laboratory procedures to preserve and demonstrate monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in tissue for the diagnosis of gout. MSU is water soluble and washed away in most staining solutions, so these procedures generally necessitate two slides; one which is silver stained and one which is left unstained to confirm the negative birefringence of MSU when viewed under polarized light. The modified Gomori's methenamine silver (GMS) for urates is an underutilized procedure which provides sensitive, high-contrast staining of MSU crystals. Additionally, we have observed that MSU deposits are preserved in the stained sections, allowing for examination by polarized light and subsequent diagnosis with only one slide. We have found this modification of the GMS stain to be the most sensitive and efficient method for the diagnosis of gout histologically due to the procedure's relatively short duration as well as the sharp black staining of MSU crystals and preservation of MSU birefringence on a single slide.</p>","PeriodicalId":15966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Histotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"126-128"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144956695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wenyi He, Xue Yu, Yinuo Li, Xiaojuan Su, Ruqiu Zhang, Ning Zhu, Yuxun Lu, Sihao Li, Zhenyang Wei, Gui Zhang, Ying Zhou, Beiyan Wu, Genfeng Wu, Fan Li
{"title":"An optimized method for monitoring blood-brain barrier penetration of small-molecule fluorescent probes.","authors":"Wenyi He, Xue Yu, Yinuo Li, Xiaojuan Su, Ruqiu Zhang, Ning Zhu, Yuxun Lu, Sihao Li, Zhenyang Wei, Gui Zhang, Ying Zhou, Beiyan Wu, Genfeng Wu, Fan Li","doi":"10.1080/01478885.2026.2631226","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01478885.2026.2631226","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Accurate assessment of blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration is essential for validating small-molecule fluorescent probes. Conventional methods often suffer from signal attenuation, tissue damage, or fluorescence distortion during chemical fixation. We present an optimized histological workflow: 'intraperitoneal administration → fresh brain sampling → unfixed cryosectioning → confocal imaging.' By utilizing fresh-frozen tissue without chemical fixation, this method preserves intrinsic probe fluorescence and provides a high-resolution, accurate representation of BBB penetration. The workflow was validated across three murine models: neonatal hypoxic-ischemic injury, neuroinflammation, and neurodegenerative disease. In all models, fluorescence intensity showed a strong positive trend correlated with pathological severity, demonstrating that the method is exceptionally sensitive for detecting pathology-associated BBB penetration changes. While the workflow preserves baseline signals in control groups, its primary advantage lies in providing a high-resolution, accurate representation of probe engagement in compromised CNS environments. Notably, this standardized approach avoids invasive cranial procedures and minimizes fixation-induced quenching. The primary advantage of this optimized workflow over conventional fixation-based methods is the superior preservation of intrinsic small-molecule fluorescence in fresh-frozen sections, ensuring a more reliable evaluation of BBB penetration in preclinical research.</p>","PeriodicalId":15966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Histotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"73-87"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147512613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Immunohistochemical localization of glial fibrillary acidic protein in the retinas of some amphibian, reptilian, birds, and mammals species.","authors":"Amin A Seleem","doi":"10.1080/01478885.2025.2582277","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01478885.2025.2582277","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunohistochemistry staining is specific to glial cell intermediate filaments. GFAP has been reported in some diseases related to injury of central nervous system. The actual normal biological function of GFAP in the retinas of some vertebrates is still under investigation. The current study examines the distribution of GFAP in the retinas of various species of amphibian, reptilian, birds, and mammals by immunohistochemical technique. The results indicated that GFAP localization in the retina is related to specific species. Unique, homogeneous GFAP labelling was observed in <i>Chalcides ocellatus</i> retina, which was different from other studied reptiles (<i>Trachemys scripta elegans, Uromastyx aegyptius, Ptyodactylus hasselquistii, Acanthodactylus boskianus</i>, <i>Scincus mitranus</i>). Low GFAP labelling was noted in the retinas of birds and some species of the studied mammals (<i>Jaculus jaculus</i>, <i>Rousettus egyptiacus</i>, and <i>Mesocricetus auratus</i>). However, other studied mammals (<i>Mus musculus, Acomys russatus, Paraechinus aethiopicus</i>) showed different intensities of GFAP expression. The study finds that GFAP helps to clarify the potential function of Müller cells in the regeneration process in different species.</p>","PeriodicalId":15966,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Histotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"99-112"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145438297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}