{"title":"Theoretical Validation of an Analytical Design Method for Beveloid Gears With Non-Parallel Non-Intersecting Axes","authors":"D. Marino, Matthias E. Bachmann, H. Binz","doi":"10.1115/detc2019-97246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-97246","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 An analytical calculation method was developed to determine the main gearing data for beveloid gears with non-parallel non-intersecting axes. To validate the method and identify its limits, a parameter study was to be conducted. A two-stage fractional factorial experimental design was therefore devised to deliberately vary the gearing parameters. For each gearing, an unloaded contact simulation was carried out using the position of the contact pattern, the transmission error and the predefined gear backlash as quality characteristics. The results of the simulation were subsequently classified in three evaluation categories.\u0000 Due to the generalizability of the method proposed, it can also be used for the design of other involute gearings. A modification of the equations revealed its applicability for spur gear pairs with no shaft angle and for crossed helical gear pairs with shaft angles up to 90°.\u0000 The results for the beveloid gear pairs investigated using a wide range of parameters as well as those for the cylindrical and crossed helical gear pairs proved the validity of the method. In the case of outliers in the evaluation, the causes were identified and corrective actions were presented.","PeriodicalId":159554,"journal":{"name":"Volume 10: 2019 International Power Transmission and Gearing Conference","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132393052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tooth Geometry Design and Two-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis for a Strain Wave Gear With Double-Circular-Arc Profile","authors":"Yi-Cheng Chen, Yun-Hao Cheng, J. Tseng, K. Hsieh","doi":"10.1115/detc2019-97594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-97594","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The mathematical model of a strain wave gear (SWG) composed of a flexspline (FS), an elliptical wave generator (WG), and a circular spline (CS) was developed and the performance was simulated by two-dimensional (2-D) finite element analysis. A rack cutter exhibiting a double-circular-arc normal section was utilized to generate the FS, and the conjugate CS was also developed based on the theory of gearing and enveloping equation. Computer program developed in Visual C++ was completed for the geometry and 2-D mesh generation. The performances as well as the rotational motion of the SWG with double-circular-arc profile were simulated and investigated by 2-D finite element analysis.","PeriodicalId":159554,"journal":{"name":"Volume 10: 2019 International Power Transmission and Gearing Conference","volume":"144 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124342167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Load Distribution Model for Double-Planet Planetary Gear Sets","authors":"Yong Hu, David Talbot, A. Kahraman","doi":"10.1115/detc2019-98512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-98512","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this paper, a load distribution model for a double-planet planetary gear set is developed by modifying an existing single-planet planetary gear set model [1] to account for an additional planet to planet gear mesh and their impact on phasing relationship among different sun-planet, planet-planet and planet-ring gear meshes. Similar to the single-planet planetary gear set model, the double-planet planetary gear set model accounts for effects of various component and system level variations such as supporting conditions, gear tooth modifications, manufacturing errors and kinematic configurations. The double-planet planetary gear load distribution model is derived for both rigid and flexible ring gear rim, while only parametric studies for a rigid ring gear rim is presented in this paper to demonstrate load distribution characteristics of double-planet planetary gear sets with different planet bearing stiffness and combination of various types of manufacturing errors, including pin hole position error and runout errors.","PeriodicalId":159554,"journal":{"name":"Volume 10: 2019 International Power Transmission and Gearing Conference","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133965736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exhaustive Synthesis and Analysis of Automotive 2-Stage Planetary Transmission Designs","authors":"H. Karhula, M. Nicolai, W. Desmet","doi":"10.1115/detc2019-97753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-97753","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Most modern automatic automotive transmissions are complex mechanical systems composed of multiple planetary gearsets that are connected by shafts, clutches and brakes. Creating a design that supports the desired transmission ratios while requiring a minimal amount of components is a challenging task that is commonly tackled by an engineer with experience and intuition.\u0000 This paper introduces an approach for the exhaustive synthesis of automotive transmissions composed of two planetary gearsets, two clutches and two brakes that can be deployed in automotive drivetrains. By modeling the components of an automotive transmission based on their possible mechanical connections and additional user-defined specifications a constraint satisfaction problem is derived. An iterative solving process exhaustively generates all possible transmission design with the specified set of components. Further the generated designs are filtered and analyzed such that the designer is served only with unique, valid and useful transmission designs. Finally a set of generated, novel 4-speed transmission designs is presented.","PeriodicalId":159554,"journal":{"name":"Volume 10: 2019 International Power Transmission and Gearing Conference","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125257582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Influence of the Case Properties After Nitriding on the Load Carrying Capacity of Highly Loaded Gears","authors":"André Sitzmann, T. Tobie, K. Stahl, S. Schurer","doi":"10.1115/detc2019-97405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-97405","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The load carrying capacity of highly loaded gears can be increased by thermochemical surface treatments such as nitriding or case hardening. In contrast to case hardening, the nitriding treatment is carried out at lower process temperatures and therefore creates lower distortion. As a result, grinding after nitriding is usually not necessary. Nitrided gears are ordinarily characterized by a thin, high-hardness, a few micrometers thick compound layer of iron and alloy element nitrides directly on the surface and a subsequent diffusion layer reaching more deeply into the material. Nitriding, therefore, provides an alternative to case hardening for distortion-sensitive components and offers potential for cost savings in the production of highly loaded gears.\u0000 This publication will focus on the influence of nitriding on the load carrying capacity of highly loaded gears. In addition, this paper summarizes the current state of knowledge of nitrided gears and gives an insight into current research in the field of nitrided gears. In particular, the influence of the compound layer on the tooth root bending strength and the flank load carrying capacity achieved within the research project FVA 386 II is discussed.","PeriodicalId":159554,"journal":{"name":"Volume 10: 2019 International Power Transmission and Gearing Conference","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126238014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Benatar, M. Handschuh, A. Kahraman, David Talbot
{"title":"A Methodology to Experimentally Investigate the Impact of Wobble Errors on the Contact Pattern and Static Transmission Error of Helical Gear Pairs","authors":"M. Benatar, M. Handschuh, A. Kahraman, David Talbot","doi":"10.1115/detc2019-98391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-98391","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 For a gear pair, both the contact pattern and the transmission error (TE) significantly impact durability and fatigue life. Design and manufacturing processes are often aimed at improving the contact pattern and reducing the overall TE. Other errors, such as runout and wobble, are often induced during the installation of power transmission systems, and they can alter the contact pattern and TE of an otherwise well-designed gear pair.\u0000 This study provides a methodology to experimentally investigate the impact of wobble errors on the contact pattern and static transmission error (STE) of helical gears. It first provides a description of the modifications to an existing test machine. Next, it describes the gear specifications, preliminary testing matrix, data acquisition and processing procedure, as well as the experimental results obtained with regards to both the contact pattern and STE.\u0000 The following are observed while describing the experimental results. For a test with no wobble and no runout, the contact pattern remains the same at every rotational position. However, by introducing even a small amount of wobble, the contact will shift from one side of the face width of the gear to the opposite side of the face width of the gear within one revolution. Introduction of wobble may increase the STE and sideband activity around gear mesh harmonics, especially as torque increases. Yet the modest increases in STE and sideband activity seen with the introduction of wobble are not enough to make definitive conclusions.\u0000 The feasibility of the modified test setup has been demonstrated, and preliminary results have been presented. However, additional data collection should be completed in order to study the impact of runout and wobble on both spur and helical gear pairs with various microgeometry modifications and manufacturing errors.","PeriodicalId":159554,"journal":{"name":"Volume 10: 2019 International Power Transmission and Gearing Conference","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123248976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Lubrication Model of Elliptical Point Contact for Spiral Bevel Gears With Asymmetric Varying Velocity","authors":"Srikumar C. Gopalakrishnan, T. Lim, Yawen Wang","doi":"10.1115/detc2019-98142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-98142","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this work, elliptical contact is modeled in spiral bevel gear with a suitable ellipticity ratio. The elliptical point contact is modeled using constant velocity and varying velocity with side leakage. A loaded tooth contact analysis was carried out to determine the kinematic and gear mesh force developed during one mesh cycle. The kinematic parameters of the meshing gear pair, namely the contact cells, rolling velocity, sliding velocity and the load distribution in one mesh cycle are used in the elliptical point contact calculation to calculate the pressure and film thickness distribution. The effect of elliptical point contact and varying velocity on the pressure and film thickness distribution are studied. The time-varying contact parameters which are obtained from the tooth contact analysis are used in the tribological calculations. The effect of shaft misalignments on the elastohydrodynamic pressure distribution is also studied in this work.","PeriodicalId":159554,"journal":{"name":"Volume 10: 2019 International Power Transmission and Gearing Conference","volume":"265 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121116940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abdulmohsen Alowayed, D. Fernandes, Eric Jeunehomme, Siyang Liu, Zhisheng Wang, I.-Min Yang, Daniel Dorsch, A. Winter
{"title":"Design of an Electric Motor Transmission System Without Friction Synchronization","authors":"Abdulmohsen Alowayed, D. Fernandes, Eric Jeunehomme, Siyang Liu, Zhisheng Wang, I.-Min Yang, Daniel Dorsch, A. Winter","doi":"10.1115/detc2019-97648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-97648","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper investigates the design of a new transmission system without a friction synchronizer for high-performance hybrid vehicles. Manual and automated manual transmission systems traditionally use friction synchronizers to facilitate smooth transitions during a gearshift, ensuring speed matching and proper engagement of the gears. Active position sensing technology for dogteeth is being developed, along with the potential of speed matching using electric motors, eliminating the need for the friction synchronizer. However, in removing these friction synchronizer components, significant shock could be introduced to the transmission system with speed or position errors during a shift. This paper proposes a solution through a gear system that utilizes a face mesh design, torsional springs, and alternating teeth height. A prototype of this design was created and successfully tested as a proof of concept for a transmission system, which has the potential to improve hybrid, automated manual transmission design.","PeriodicalId":159554,"journal":{"name":"Volume 10: 2019 International Power Transmission and Gearing Conference","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134193391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhaobin Zhan, Hui Liu, B. Feeny, C. Xiang, Han Lijin
{"title":"Response Sensitivity in a Nonlinear Planetary Gear Set","authors":"Zhaobin Zhan, Hui Liu, B. Feeny, C. Xiang, Han Lijin","doi":"10.1115/detc2019-97366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-97366","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Due to the wide range of speeds of the vehicle engine, the resonance cannot be completely avoided. Aiming at this problem, the analysis of the dynamic characteristics of the vehicle transmission system is transferred from the analysis of the intrinsic characteristics to the analysis of the dynamic response, and the sensitivity analysis based on the dynamic response is derived. This study investigates dynamic response sensitivity to model parameters in a nonlinear single-stage planetary gear set coupled with lateral and torsional directions. The equations of response sensitivity are deduced with the direct method (DM) and the root mean square (RMS) method. Gear meshing is a main reason for gear vibration, so gear meshing power sensitivity to model parameters is analyzed in this paper. Also the influence of rotation speed is considered in the response sensitivity. The sensitivity characteristics make it possible to provide support for dynamic design optimization.","PeriodicalId":159554,"journal":{"name":"Volume 10: 2019 International Power Transmission and Gearing Conference","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123313376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hu Qiushi, Zhifeng Liu, L. Cai, Congbin Yang, Tao Zhang, Wang Guang
{"title":"Research on Prediction Method of Transmission Accuracy of Harmonic Drive","authors":"Hu Qiushi, Zhifeng Liu, L. Cai, Congbin Yang, Tao Zhang, Wang Guang","doi":"10.1115/detc2019-97214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-97214","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Harmonic drive is an indispensable device for robotic joint, and transmission accuracy of harmonic drive is one of its most important performance indexes. Due to the unsystematic research on the accuracy of harmonic drive, the accuracy consistency of harmonic drive is poor, and the prediction accuracy is seriously insufficient. This study focuses on modeling of transmission error system and prediction of transmission accuracy. Through tracing analysis of transmission error of harmonic drive, a transmission error model including manufacturing, assembly and tooth profile error is established. Based on Rayleigh distribution of error sources and considering multi-tooth meshing effect of harmonic drive, the transmission accuracy prediction model is built. Tooth profile error is measured by gear measuring center, dimension error and geometric tolerance are gauged by coordinate measuring machine. The transmission accuracy of three types harmonic drive (SHG14, SHG20 and SHG25) is measured by harmonic transmission error test bench under rated conditions. The comparison results show that the difference between the predicted and experimental values is less than 15%, which proves the validity of the accuracy prediction model. Prediction method play a crucial role for accuracy control of harmonic drive system.","PeriodicalId":159554,"journal":{"name":"Volume 10: 2019 International Power Transmission and Gearing Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116902357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}