Journal of Human Lactation最新文献

{"title":"Perceptions of Racism and Discrimination in Birthing Centers: Implications for Exclusive Breastfeeding Practices Among Black Mothers.","authors":"Natashia Le'Nee Conner, Cheri N Langley, Yitza Arcelay Rojas","doi":"10.1177/08903344261430461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08903344261430461","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Racial disparities in breastfeeding persist, with Black mothers experiencing significantly lower exclusive breastfeeding rates compared with White mothers. Limited research has examined how institutional bias and discrimination within birthing centers affect breastfeeding decisions, creating a gap in understanding the role of these environments in perpetuating lactation inequities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A basic qualitative study guided by the social ecological model explored how perceived racism and discrimination in birthing centers shape exclusive breastfeeding initiation and duration among Black mothers. Ten participants were recruited through purposive sampling and completed semistructured virtual interviews. Data were coded inductively using ATLAS.ti 9 and verified through analyst triangulation and Krippendorff's α to ensure reliability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four interconnected themes emerged: (1) individual level-birth trauma and pain dismissal reduced confidence in breastfeeding; (2) interpersonal level-racialized communication barriers and lack of lactation support undermined trust; (3) community level-formula-first norms and underrepresentation of Black lactation professionals limited culturally relevant care; and (4) institutional level-rigid policies and privacy violations reinforced inequitable treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Perceived racism and discrimination in birthing centers negatively influence Black mothers' breastfeeding experiences and outcomes. Equity-driven organizational reforms, anti-racist training, and diversification of the lactation workforce are essential to promote breastfeeding equity and improve maternal-infant health.</p>","PeriodicalId":15948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Lactation","volume":" ","pages":"8903344261430461"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147728966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Business Case for Breastfeeding: Identifying Which Barriers and Facilitators Employers Prioritize When Supporting Breastfeeding Employees in the Workplace.","authors":"Tomeka Frieson, Tahnee Cookson Muhammad, Monica Belyea, Ayeisha C Cole, Natasha Ray, Kathleen O'Connor Duffany","doi":"10.1177/08903344261430644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08903344261430644","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In the United States, 66.7% of women who had a baby in the past year have returned to work, yet many struggle to maintain their breastfeeding goals after their return. Research identifies common barriers and facilitators to providing lactation accommodations, but these studies predate recent state and federal laws that strengthen workplace lactation protections.</p><p><strong>Research aim: </strong>To identify what employers currently prioritize as the main barriers and facilitators to supporting breastfeeding employees in the workplace.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted with 40 employers in a mid-sized city in Connecticut. Surveys were distributed via door-to-door outreach, email, and phone calls, and the Active Implementation Framework was used to inform survey questions. Data were analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Employers identified \"happy employees\" as the top benefit of supporting breastfeeding employees in the workplace, while \"finding a private space for employees to pump or breastfeed that's not a bathroom\" was the top challenge. Employers mentioned themes like \"increasing breastfeeding knowledge and communication\" and \"receiving funding and financial support\" as the main ways to overcome challenges. However, only 40.0% and 32.5% of employers provided their employees with time and space to breastfeed, respectively, and fewer than 50% of employers acknowledged several known benefits of supporting breastfeeding employees in the workplace as benefits for their own business.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Understanding what employers currently prioritize as the main barriers and facilitators to supporting breastfeeding employees in the workplace can help improve employer buy-in and refine strategies for public health intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":15948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Lactation","volume":" ","pages":"8903344261430644"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147722744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment for the Breastfeeding Dyad: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Alice I Chen, Anna Mercer, Eileen Conaway, Karen M Heskett, A Hope Tobey, Melissa Campbell, Mikaela Panza, Kimberly Wolf","doi":"10.1177/08903344261430249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08903344261430249","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Human milk is widely recognized as the optimal source of infant nutrition. While 83.9% of mothers initiate breastfeeding, only 46.3% exclusively breastfeed to 3 months. Common barriers include latch and suck difficulties, painful feeding, and breast infections or engorgement. Osteopathic manipulation, including osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) and therapy (OMTh), has been proposed as supportive intervention for breastfeeding challenges.</p><p><strong>Research aim: </strong>This scoping review examines the current literature on OMT/OMTh in the breastfeeding dyad and identifies gaps to inform future research.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Seven databases were searched for studies involving OMT use in infants under 24 months and breastfeeding parents. Titles and abstracts were screened, and eligible full-text articles were extracted and analyzed for themes. Data included study characteristics, osteopathic intervention, and reported outcomes. As a scoping review, formal quality and risk of bias assessments were not conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 9,141 articles screened, 35 met inclusion criteria (three focused on breastfeeding parents, 32 on infants). Among the infant studies, 19 studies included a feeding related outcome-seven involved healthy term infants, and eight on hospitalized preterm infants, one on infants with encephalopathy, and three case reports discussed OMT use in complex feeding scenarios (i.e., oral aversion, esophageal atresia, Pierre Robin Sequence). Five studies were on infants with colic, six on plagiocephaly, and two on postural strain and torticollis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Preliminary evidence suggests OMT may support feeding-related outcomes in the breastfeeding dyad (e.g., latch dysfunction, low milk supply, mastitis). Further interdisciplinary research is warranted to clarify its role and inform clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":15948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Lactation","volume":" ","pages":"8903344261430249"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147722644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of VRBaby-Pump on Breastmilk Expression Experiences and Milk Volume in Mothers of Preterm Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Meltem Ozkaya, Oznur Korukcu, Alper Ozcan, Hasan Berkan Sayal","doi":"10.1177/08903344261429787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08903344261429787","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of this study is to determine the effect of the VRBaby-Pump application on the breast milk expression experience and milk volume of mothers who gave birth preterm.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study is a two-arm parallel design randomized controlled experimental study. The study data were collected from 88 mothers (44 primiparous, 44 multiparous) who had preterm births at the Perinatology and Obstetrics Clinic of Health Sciences University Antalya Training and Research Hospital between January 27 and April 17, 2025. The VRBaby-Pump application consisted of a virtual baby room and a wearable breast pump attached to a toy baby's head. Mothers in the intervention group received breast milk expression training and used the VRBaby-Pump application once a day for 15 minutes over 2 days. Mothers in the control group received only breast milk expression training. Data collection tools included the Personal Information Form, the Breast Milk Expression Experience Scale and the Daily Milk Volume Tracking Form.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A statistically significant difference was found between the mothers in the intervention and control groups in terms of breast milk expression experience (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and milk volume (<i>p</i> < 0.001). It was determined that mothers in the intervention group had a more positive breast milk expression experience compared to those in the control group, and their milk volume was higher.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It was determined that the VRBaby-Pump application was effective in improving the breast milk expression experience and in increasing the amount of breast milk among mothers who had preterm births.</p>","PeriodicalId":15948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Lactation","volume":" ","pages":"8903344261429787"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147698837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Trends and Hotspots of Research on Lactation in Migrant Women: A Bibliometric Analysis (1980-2024 Years).","authors":"Ayşegül Kiliçli, Tuğba Yilmaz Esencan, Ummahan Yücel, Selin Nur Altun, Güldane Damla Kaya","doi":"10.1177/08903344261429209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08903344261429209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The trends and focal points of studies on lactation in migrant women contribute to a deeper understanding of this field.</p><p><strong>Research aim: </strong>This study, conducted from a macro-level perspective, aims to comprehensively examine the primary focal points, trends, and depth of global research on the lactation experiences of migrant women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Synonyms for the keywords \"migrant, woman, and lactation\" were standardized using Boolean search operators. A literature search was then conducted in the Web of Science database on January 6, 2025. Articles were then downloaded and analyzed using RStudio (Version 1.4.1717) and the \"biblioshiny for bibliometrix\" application, an R-based bibliometric analysis tool. The PRISMA 2020 checklist was used solely to guide the transparent reporting of the search and screening process.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>275 articles were selected, with English-language articles appearing in 166 different journals between 1980 and 2024. The highest number of publications occurred in 2018. The <i>International Breastfeeding Journal</i> was the most prolific in terms of publications, while <i>Pediatrics</i> received the highest number of citations. The most cited article was titled \"Couples' immigration status and ethnicity as determinants of breastfeeding.\" The most frequently used keywords were \"migrant, duration, and infant,\" while trending topics included \"women, duration, and health.\" Thematic mapping revealed that core themes of the field were women, duration, health, risk, children, infants, migration, mortality, and malnutrition.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study maps global research trends on lactation among migrant women, identifying key thematic emphases and gaps within the literature. The findings highlight an outcome-focused and predominantly descriptive evidence landscape, while pointing to the need for more intervention- and implementation-oriented research to advance culturally responsive breastfeeding support.</p>","PeriodicalId":15948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Lactation","volume":" ","pages":"8903344261429209"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147690481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Clicks to the Bank: Malaysia's Online Milk-Sharing Lessons for Inclusive Global Policies on Human Milk Donation.","authors":"Lee Khuan, Nurul Akma Jamil, Cheong Ai Theng, Siti Mariam Muda","doi":"10.1177/08903344261431966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08903344261431966","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Donor human milk is essential for supporting the health and survival of preterm and medically fragile infants. However, limited awareness, religious sensitivities, and sociocultural barriers mean that many countries, including Malaysia, face persistent challenges in encouraging public participation in formal human milk donation. In contrast, milk-sharing facilitated through online breastfeeding communities has gained considerable attention among Malaysian mothers. Understanding this practice could offer insights into community-based engagement, cultural negotiation, and religiously compliant human milk-donation initiatives.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This article draws on lessons related to milk-sharing and translates them into actionable recommendations for policymakers and healthcare professionals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A qualitative descriptive design was employed, incorporating content analysis of online breastfeeding community posts and in-depth semi-structured interviews with Malaysian mothers involved in informal milk sharing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Strategies include partnering with online breastfeeding communities, co-designing religiously sensitive outreach materials, developing digital tool kits, and fostering inclusive, culturally respectful donor recruitment models.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Human milk donation efforts can become better aligned by utilising breastfeeding communities and digital networking.</p>","PeriodicalId":15948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Lactation","volume":" ","pages":"8903344261431966"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147674081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Evidence Informing Hypoglycaemia Treatment Thresholds in Asymptomatic, Term, Well Newborns: A Review of Literature and Critical Appraisal of Methodological Challenges.","authors":"Kylie Hodges, Samantha Trenaman, Mary Bushell, Maryam Bazargan, Marjorie Atchan","doi":"10.1177/08903344261426051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08903344261426051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is worldwide inconsistency in blood glucose level treatment thresholds for hypoglycaemia in healthy, term asymptomatic newborns. Differing testing policies and broader inclusion criteria from maternal conditions have increased the incidence of testing. The use of human milk substitutes to treat hypoglycaemia may adversely influence the establishment of breastfeeding and early bonding between mother and baby.</p><p><strong>Research aim: </strong>To determine if current research informs a high-quality evidence-based therapeutic treatment threshold for hypoglycaemia in well, asymptomatic newborns in the first 24 hours of life.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive review accessing CINAHL, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, and CENTRAL databases was performed. Original English-language quantitative studies reporting hypoglycemic treatment thresholds, and their neurodevelopmental outcomes for over 11,000 newborns, were appraised for quality and validity using independent screening and Crowe's Quality Appraisal Tool.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirteen papers were included with outcomes grouped into two categorical definitions of hypoglycaemia (statistical and neurodevelopmental). Nine of the included studies were assessed as producing low quality evidence, with a moderate to high risk of bias, unreliable methodology, and smaller sample sizes. One study provided high quality evidence, with a sample size of > 1000 newborns, that a blood glucose threshold of 2.09 mmol/L was a potentially safe treatment threshold.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Published high quality research is lacking to inform a therapeutic treatment threshold for hypoglycaemia in well, term asymptomatic newborns in the first 24 hours. Current treatment may interfere with breastfeeding and bonding. Rigorous research is required to establish a safe threshold and inform future practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":15948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Lactation","volume":" ","pages":"8903344261426051"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147674097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Validation of the Lactation Psychological Needs Scale.","authors":"Kelsie R Barta, Misty M Richmond, Becky Spencer, Sandra K Cesario","doi":"10.1177/08903344261430141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08903344261430141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>According to self-determination theory, when an individual's psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness are satisfied, human flourishing can occur. The simultaneous satisfaction of the three needs has not yet been examined in the context of lactation and offers a potential explanation for variations in breastfeeding outcomes and well-being among lactating individuals.</p><p><strong>Research aim: </strong>To develop and preliminarily validate an instrument measuring lactation-related psychological need satisfaction.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Initial items for the Lactation Psychological Needs Scale were developed based on a literature review, and refined based on content validity testing. An online cross-sectional survey was administered in two phases to lactating individuals in the United States (<i>n</i> = 634) to assess validity and reliability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Exploratory (<i>n</i> = 388) and confirmatory factor analyses (<i>n</i> = 246) in separate samples yielded a three-factor solution with excellent goodness-of-fit (chi-square Bollen-Stine adjusted <i>p =</i> 0.05, root mean square error of approximate: ≤ 0.06, comparative fit index > 0.95, and Tucker-Lewis Index > 0.95). The new instrument includes 12 items on three subscales: autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Internal consistency reliability was acceptable for the full scale (0.856) and subscales (0.790-0.861). The full instrument scores and subscale scores were positively correlated with maternal satisfaction with lactation, and negatively correlated with Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of this study provide preliminary psychometric support for the novel instrument. Self-determination theory provides an opportunity for a new paradigm in understanding behavior and well-being among lactating individuals. Further validation of the instrument is required.</p>","PeriodicalId":15948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Lactation","volume":" ","pages":"8903344261430141"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147674069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Feasibility of Donor Human Milk Banking in Türkiye: A Qualitative Analysis of Religious, Institutional, and Policy Dynamics.","authors":"Nazan Kartal, Gamze Arikan, Ebru Yildirim","doi":"10.1177/08903344261431952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08903344261431952","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research Aim(s)/Question(s):The study aims to ascertain the views of relevant stakeholders regarding the facilitators and barriers to establishing human milk banks in Türkiye and to identify policy requirements for social acceptance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A qualitative approach was employed, using in-depth interviews with 22 experts in maternal and child health, including physicians, midwives, nurses, and health managers. Data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke's six-phase thematic analysis framework.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four central themes and twelve categories emerged: (1) the multifaceted value of human milk, (2) perceptions toward human milk donation, (3) social and institutional barriers, and (4) perspectives on current human milk feeding policies. Key findings highlight that while the biological importance of milk is universally recognized, donation is hindered by \"milk kinship\" concerns and legal ambiguities. However, the integration of donation data into the national e-Nabız electronic health record system and alignment with religious foundations (e.g., Surah Al-Baqarah, Verse 233) were identified as critical policy facilitators.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Stakeholders emphasize that human milk banking is a viable model for Türkiye if implemented through a framework that resolves legal-religious contradictions. Success depends on extending maternity leaves to support breastfeeding rights and establishing a formal dialogue with religious authorities. These findings provide a strategic roadmap for policymakers to integrate human milk banking into public health policy as a sustainable and socially acceptable service.</p>","PeriodicalId":15948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Lactation","volume":" ","pages":"8903344261431952"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147674074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Psychometric Properties of the Breastfeeding Behaviour in Public Scale.","authors":"Tuğba Dündar, Sevgi Özsoy, Gülşah Ateş","doi":"10.1177/08903344261432407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08903344261432407","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Breastfeeding is universally recognised as the best nutrition for infants, yet women's public breastfeeding experiences are shaped by cultural norms, privacy concerns, and social judgments, and no valid scale currently exists to measure these behaviours.</p><p><strong>Research aim: </strong>The aim of this study is to develop a valid and reliable instrument to measure mothers' behaviours towards breastfeeding in public.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This methodological study included 390 mothers with breastfeeding experience. The final version of the scale subjected to analysis consisted of 17 items. The scale's construct validity was evaluated using Exploratory Factor Analysis, item validity was assessed by comparing the mean scores of the upper and lower 27% groups, and model fit was tested through Confirmatory Factor Analysis. The reliability of the scale was analysed using Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient, item-total correlation, and split-half reliability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The scale demonstrated a four-factor structure, with good model fit indices (RMSEA = 0.064; GFI = 0.91; CFI = 0.94) and a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.89.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study demonstrated that the Breastfeeding Behaviour in Public Scale is a valid and reliable instrument for evaluating mothers' behaviours towards breastfeeding in public.</p>","PeriodicalId":15948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Lactation","volume":" ","pages":"8903344261432407"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147674121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}