Journal of Human Lactation最新文献

{"title":"Measurement Properties and Quality of Maternal Breastfeeding Instruments: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Seyedeh Samira Mokhlesi, Vidanka Vasilevski, Kolsoom Safari, Linda Sweet","doi":"10.1177/08903344261430247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08903344261430247","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Different questionnaires are available to assess breastfeeding behaviour and factors that impact breastfeeding success. However, it is necessary to determine whether the questionnaire's measurement properties are satisfactory before using them.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>Evaluate, compare, and summarise the measurement properties and quality of the original version of maternal breastfeeding questionnaires.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This review used the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-Scr). Peer-reviewed primary research studies that focused on the development and evaluation of the psychometric properties of breastfeeding instruments were included. The consensus-based standards for the selection of health measurement instrument (COSMIN) methodology was used to assess the methodological quality and measurement properties of the breastfeeding instruments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 3,850 abstracts, 25 papers were identified. Only six instruments demonstrated sufficient content validity and internal consistency and were recommended for broad use. The results obtained with these instruments can be trusted. Sixteen of the 25 instruments had evidence of indeterminate (±) content validity. Although they had the potential for recommendation, further research is needed to assess their quality. None of the instruments reported cross-cultural validity/measurement invariance, measurement error, or responsiveness. One instrument was not recommended for use due to insufficient content validity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The review highlights the need for further research into the measurement properties of most existing breastfeeding instruments, especially cross-cultural validity/measurement invariance, measurement error, and criterion validity.</p>","PeriodicalId":15948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Lactation","volume":" ","pages":"8903344261430247"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147773644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human Milk and Breastfeeding Myths Scale: Development, Validity, and Reliability Study.","authors":"Sinem Güven Dinmez, Zehra Gölbaşı, Kafiye Eroğlu, Müge Coşkun Yıldırım","doi":"10.1177/08903344261434720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08903344261434720","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>One of the obstacles to breastfeeding is the false beliefs in society about human milk and breastfeeding.</p><p><strong>Research aim: </strong>The aim of this study is to develop the \"Human Milk and Breastfeeding Myths Scale\" and test its validity and reliability.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This methodological study included 326 participants (individuals in the last trimester of pregnancy and breastfeeding individuals with infants aged 0-2 years) recruited from two public hospitals in Istanbul, Turkey. Data were collected using the Descriptive Participant Data Form and the Human Milk and Breastfeeding Myths Scale. Reliability analyses included internal consistency and a test-retest assessment conducted at a 2-week interval (<i>n</i> = 34). The study was reported in accordance with the STROBE guidelines, and a pilot test was conducted with 10 participants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The draft scale initially consisted of 32 items and was evaluated by experts. Following exploratory factor analysis, eight items with low factor loadings were removed, and content validity was supported using the Lawshe technique. The final 24-item scale demonstrated a structure with two factors with eigenvalues greater than 1 and a dominant first factor, with good internal consistency (α = .86).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Human Milk and Breastfeeding Myths Scale demonstrated acceptable validity evidence and good reliability, and may be used to assess beliefs related to breastfeeding myths.</p>","PeriodicalId":15948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Lactation","volume":" ","pages":"8903344261434720"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147773495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Third-Trimester Anemia and Early Breastfeeding Outcomes and Postpartum Depressive Symptoms: A Retrospective Comparative Study.","authors":"Raneen Abu Shqara, Rotem Argov, Lior Lowenstein, Maya Frank Wolf","doi":"10.1177/08903344261431947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08903344261431947","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although the impact of maternal anemia on adverse maternal outcomes is well established, its relationship with breastfeeding and maternal mental well-being remains insufficiently characterized.</p><p><strong>Research aims: </strong>This study aimed to examine the association between anemia severity in the third trimester and early breastfeeding outcomes and postpartum depressive symptoms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective comparative observational study included pregnant patients with hemoglobin concentrations of <10.5 g/dL admitted to a tertiary hospital between January 2020 and December 2024. Anemia severity was categorized as mild (9.0-10.5 g/dL; <i>n</i> = 136), moderate (8.0-8.9 g/dL; <i>n</i> = 276), and severe (<8.0 g/dL; <i>n</i> = 96). Breastfeeding outcomes included breastfeeding initiation within 1 hour postpartum, colostrum and milk volume adequacy on postpartum day 1 and at hospital discharge, and exclusive breastfeeding rates at discharge. Postpartum depressive symptoms were evaluated using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with severe anemia had lower rates of early breastfeeding initiation than those with moderate and mild anemia (26.0 vs. 31.2% and 52.9%; <i>P</i> < 0.001). Adequate colostrum volume on postpartum day 1 also was less frequent in patients with severe anemia (41.7 vs. 57.2% and 61.0%; <i>P</i> = 0.009). Similar trends were observed at hospital discharge, with lower rates of adequate milk volume (<i>P</i> = 0.021) and exclusive breastfeeding (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Patients with severe anemia had a higher proportion of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale scores >10 (<i>P</i> = 0.043).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Greater anemia severity in late pregnancy was associated with poorer breastfeeding outcomes and higher postpartum depressive symptom scores. These findings underscore the need for continued investigation and clinical attention to anemia identification and management during pregnancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":15948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Lactation","volume":" ","pages":"8903344261431947"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147773112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role and Impact of the IBCLC: Updated Position Paper.","authors":"Azza H Ahmed, Wilaiporn Rojjanasrirat, Sushma Malik, Lisa Mandell, Margaret Ansell, Irena Zakarija-Grković","doi":"10.1177/08903344261434475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08903344261434475","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The International Board-Certified Lactation Consultant (IBCLC) has long stood at the intersection of science, advocacy, and care. In the wake of global health disruptions, declining exclusive breastfeeding rates in high resource settings, and urgent calls for workforce equity, new evidence reinforces and redefines the critical role of the IBCLC across healthcare systems. This 2026 position update presents an expanded evidence base demonstrating the IBCLC's impact on clinical outcomes, health equity, maternal health, and cost savings across diverse care environments including neonatal intensive care units, rural communities, and digital platforms. Drawing from peer-reviewed studies, international health agency reports, and longitudinal program evaluations, we reaffirm the IBCLC's role as a catalyst for policy change and a cornerstone of maternal-infant health strategies. New data reveals a significant increase in exclusive breastfeeding rates when IBCLCs are embedded within interprofessional teams. We further explore the IBCLC's evolving leadership in health system transformation, including their influence in shaping perinatal quality metrics, hospital accreditation, and culturally responsive lactation care. As we look to the future, this update challenge systems and stakeholders to elevate, integrate, and invest in the IBCLC role-not as a luxury, but as a necessity for maternal-child health in an era of rising complexity.</p>","PeriodicalId":15948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Lactation","volume":" ","pages":"8903344261434475"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147773152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infants at Work: A Pediatric Clinic's Approach to Workplace Breastfeeding Support.","authors":"Kailey Snyder, Colby Kelley, Laura Wilwerding","doi":"10.1177/08903344261434544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08903344261434544","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Workplace breastfeeding support remains a critical yet under-addressed factor influencing maternal and infant health. Although federal protections mandate lactation accommodations, they often fall short of supporting sustained, on-demand breastfeeding. This Insight into Practice and Policy paper describes the development and implementation of an Infant at Work (IAW) policy in a pediatric clinic setting. The policy allows employees to bring their infants to work until 12 months of age, contingent on safety and job performance considerations. Over the past decade, three mothers have participated in this policy with a total of five children, reporting benefits such as extended breastfeeding duration, improved emotional well-being, and enhanced work-life balance. Clinic staff emphasize the importance of leadership support, a family-oriented culture, and flexible workflow accommodations to facilitate policy success. This paper highlights how direct infant presence in the workplace can normalize breastfeeding, strengthen maternal-infant bonds, and reduce the logistical and emotional strain of early postpartum employment. While this model may not be feasible in every work environment, it offers a novel framework for reimagining lactation support. This practice-oriented perspective provides clinicians, lactation professionals, and policymakers with actionable insights for replicating or adapting IAW policies in similar settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":15948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Lactation","volume":" ","pages":"8903344261434544"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147773549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypernatremic Dehydration in Breastfed Neonates: Clinical Findings and Risk Factors.","authors":"Mehtap Durukan Tosun, Ozhan Orhan, Emre Baran Yilmaz, Rukiye Orbay, Mehmet Nur Talay","doi":"10.1177/08903344261432421","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08903344261432421","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neonatal hypernatremic dehydration (NHD) is a dangerous disease that can lead to hospitalization of the infant, serious complications, and death. Despite the significant advantages of breast milk for both the mother and the baby, some neonates who are exclusively breastfed experience malnutrition in the first few days.</p><p><strong>Research aim: </strong>This study aims to evaluate the clinical presentations, maternal and neonatal risk factors, and preventive strategies for hypernatremic dehydration in term and late-preterm infants who were exclusively breastfed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, neonates who were hospitalised with the diagnosis of hypernatremic dehydration in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Mardin Training and Research Hospital between 2019 and 2023, who were exclusively breastfed after birth, whose gestational age was 35 weeks and above, and whose serum sodium concentration was measured ≥150 mEq/L were retrospectively evaluated. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 25.0 software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 141 newborns diagnosed with hypernatremic dehydration were included in the study. The mean age at presentation was 4 (1-20) days, and 53% of the patients were male. The mean birth weight was 3248.16±491.05 g, while the mean admission weight was 2885.67±477.61 g, indicating a significant weight loss of 11.33±7.46%. The mean maternal age was 28.95±6.22 years, and 41% of deliveries were by caesarean section. Transcranial ultrasonography was normal in 97.2% of the patients, while 2.8% had signs of haemorrhage or oedema. The most common presenting complaint was malnutrition (46.8%), followed by jaundice (41.1%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Awareness of NHD among both mothers and healthcare personnel is the most important factor. Calling babies for early postnatal check-ups, close monitoring of neonatal weight loss, and encouraging successful breastfeeding techniques may reduce hospitalization rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":15948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Lactation","volume":" ","pages":"8903344261432421"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147723031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic, Environmental, and Health Impacts of Changes in Breastfeeding Rates in Türkiye: A Cost Projection Analysis.","authors":"Zeynep Dilşah Karaçam Yılmaz, Ceyda Şapoğlu","doi":"10.1177/08903344261431656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08903344261431656","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to examine the economic, environmental, and health impacts of changes in 10 different breastfeeding rates across various scenarios and to estimate the associated costs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A quantitative research design was employed, based on cost projection analysis. The Cost of Not Breastfeeding Tool and the Green Feeding Tool were used to evaluate the health, environmental, and economic outcomes of breastfeeding. In addition, linear regression analysis was performed to assess the reliability of the estimated health effects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Scenario analysis demonstrated that a 10% increase in breastfeeding rates leads to substantial environmental, health, and economic benefits. Accordingly, a 10% increase prevents an average loss of 7 million litres of breast milk, reduces carbon dioxide emissions by ~9.2 million kg, and saves 3.976 million L of water. With regard to health outcomes, a 10% increase in breastfeeding rates was associated with a statistically significant reduction in both number of cases and deaths (<i>P</i> < 0.05). From an economic perspective, it is estimated that a 10% increase in exclusive breastfeeding rates alone could generate an average cost saving of US$32 million.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results indicate that direct breastfeeding plays a crucial role in reducing water and carbon footprints, preventing disease burden and associated mortality due to not breastfeeding, and lowering the costs related to these outcomes. Promoting and supporting midwives' active role in increasing breastfeeding rates is essential for both health and environmental sustainability, and national policies should be reinforced to support this objective.</p>","PeriodicalId":15948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Lactation","volume":" ","pages":"8903344261431656"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147728518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal Mindfulness and Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy: Exploring the Relationship.","authors":"Beyza Nur Atak, Seda Çetin Avcı","doi":"10.1177/08903344261431672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08903344261431672","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Breastfeeding mindfulness-defined as a mother's present-moment awareness, emotional attunement, and focused attention during breastfeeding-is an emerging concept with significant implications for lactation outcomes. While mindfulness and breastfeeding self-efficacy are recognized determinants of breastfeeding success, evidence regarding their relationship remains limited, particularly within the Turkish context. This study examined the association between maternal mindfulness during breastfeeding and breastfeeding self-efficacy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A descriptive and analytic cross-sectional study was conducted with 268 breastfeeding mothers who gave birth between July 2024 and February 2025 at a university hospital in Turkey. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews using a personal information form, the Mindfulness in Breastfeeding Scale, and the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS Statistics 22.0. Due to nonnormal data distribution, nonparametric tests and correlation analyses were employed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean score for the Mindfulness in Breastfeeding Scale was 36.49 ± 4.56, and the mean score for the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale was 53.19 ± 8.68. A significant positive correlation was observed between mindfulness in breastfeeding and breastfeeding self-efficacy (<i>r</i> = 0.365, <i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Higher maternal mindfulness during breastfeeding is associated with increased breastfeeding self-efficacy. These findings suggest that integrating mindfulness-based strategies into prenatal and postpartum nursing interventions can enhance maternal emotional well-being and promote more effective breastfeeding. Consequently, incorporating mindful breastfeeding concepts into childbirth preparation and counseling programs is essential to equip mothers with these skills and support positive breastfeeding outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":15948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Lactation","volume":" ","pages":"8903344261431672"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147728588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving Lactation Support Through Stakeholder-Driven Change in an Academic Medical Center.","authors":"Leslie E Tower, Cara Sedney, Jodi Vincent","doi":"10.1177/08903344261431943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08903344261431943","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Returning to work or school after childbirth presents significant challenges for lactating individuals, particularly in high-pressure healthcare environments. This <i>Insights into Policy and Practice</i> article describes how institutional leaders, staff advocates, and student collaborators partnered to improve lactation accommodations at a large, land-grant, R1 Carnegie-designated university in Central Appalachia. Guided by a facility audit and a 15-item electronic survey, the Chief Wellness Officer, Employee Experience Board, and Women's Resource Center identified barriers related to room availability, comfort, and privacy. In response, the institution implemented a series of changes, including furniture upgrades, enhanced privacy features, signage, educational materials for supervisors and staff, and systems for monitoring room use and cleanliness. This process underscores the importance of stakeholder engagement, cross-unit collaboration, and data-driven advocacy in developing replicable improvements to lactation support that can be scaled within academic medical centers and adapted internationally.</p>","PeriodicalId":15948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Lactation","volume":" ","pages":"8903344261431943"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147728609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between the Antibacterial Properties of Breast Milk and Circadian Rhythms Variations: A Prospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Mina Mısırlıgil, Belma Saygılı Karagöl, Deniz Yaprak, Bülent Ünay, Gökçe Çiçek Karaman, Tuğrul Hoşbul","doi":"10.1177/08903344261431669","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08903344261431669","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Breast milk is a sophisticated biological fluid that provides an ideal nutritional composition for infants and also exhibits variation in circadian rhythms. Breast milk has both bacteriostatic and bactericidal properties. Current research has not yet explored the potential influence of circadian changes in breast milk on its antibacterial activity. This study aimed to reveal the association between the antibacterial activity of breast milk and circadian rhythms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was conducted with the participation of volunteer mothers who presented to our neonatal outpatient clinic between March and May 2024. Breast milk samples were classified based on the time of collection: Milk obtained between 04:00 and 22:00 was designated as daytime breast milk, whereas milk gathered between 22:00 and 04:00 was referred to as nighttime breast milk. A total of 60 breast milk samples were stored at 4°C, and the antibacterial effectiveness of these samples was assessed within 24 hours of collection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant difference was observed between day and night breast milk regarding their antibacterial activity against <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>P</i> = 0.819). Additionally, no correlation was found between the number of bacterial colonies in 60 breast milk samples and the storage time of the milk (<i>r</i> = 0.19, <i>P</i> = 0.1). A moderate positive correlation was found between the number of <i>E. coli</i> colonies in day breast milk and the storage time of breast milk (<i>r</i> = 0.431, <i>P</i> = 0.02).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The general antimicrobial properties against <i>E. coli</i> showed a steady degree of effectiveness, with no major differences found between samples collected during the daytime and those obtained at nighttime.</p>","PeriodicalId":15948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Lactation","volume":" ","pages":"8903344261431669"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147722977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}