Journal of Human Lactation最新文献

{"title":"In Situ Simulation in Prenatal Breastfeeding Education: A Pilot Study.","authors":"Taison Regis Penariol Natarelli, Luciana Mara Monti Fonseca, Suzanne Hetzel Campbell, Silvia Bressan, José Simon Camelo, Adriana Moraes Leite, Fernanda Medrado de Souza Ferreira","doi":"10.1177/08903344261430473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08903344261430473","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Breastfeeding education should be initiated during pregnancy. Simulation is an effective educational technique that has been little explored in the context of prenatal education.</p><p><strong>Research aim: </strong>To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of an <i>in situ</i> simulation scenario about breastfeeding, as a prenatal educational intervention at home, on breastfeeding self-efficacy and related outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a nonrandomized pilot intervention study with pre-test/post-test, conducted from October 2022 to November 2023. Pregnant people who received a home visit that provided an in situ simulation scenario entitled \"Breastfeeding the Newborn\" during prenatal care (<i>n</i> = 20) were compared to those who received only routine guidance (<i>n</i> = 20). Breastfeeding self-efficacy scores, exclusive breastfeeding rates, and difficulties in breastfeeding 2 months after delivery were evaluated and compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the intragroup comparisons, a significant increase in breastfeeding self-efficacy scores was found among simulation participants (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Most participants were exclusively breastfeeding (<i>n</i> = 12, 60%) and reported no difficulties (<i>n</i> = 11, 55%) 2 months after delivery. However, no significant differences were found between groups. The findings also demonstrated the feasibility of implementing the in situ simulation scenario \"Breastfeeding the Newborn\" during the prenatal period.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This pilot study supports the potential of in situ simulation as an educational approach for prenatal breastfeeding promotion. Further research with larger samples and extended follow-up is recommended to explore its impact on breastfeeding outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":15948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Lactation","volume":" ","pages":"8903344261430473"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147838758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Validation of Breastfeeding After Bariatric Surgery Scale.","authors":"Seyedeh Samira Mokhlesi, Vidanka Vasilevski, Linda Sweet","doi":"10.1177/08903344261431944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08903344261431944","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>With an increasing number of women of reproductive age undergoing bariatric surgery, understanding breastfeeding experiences in this population has become increasingly important. While several breastfeeding questionnaires exist, none have been specifically developed to capture the unique experiences and influencing factors relevant to women who have undergone bariatric surgery.</p><p><strong>Research aim: </strong>The aim of this study was to develop and assess the psychometric properties of a breastfeeding questionnaire designed specifically for women with histories of bariatric surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Breastfeeding after Bariatric Surgery Scale (BBSS) was developed and validated in three phases: Phase 1, generating items by reviewing the relevant literature and the theory of planned behaviour; Phase 2, evaluating content validity with a panel of experts; and Phase 3, evaluating face validity, exploratory factor analysis with varimax rotation, and reliability and responsiveness.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Initially, 40 items were generated in Phase 1. After assessing content and face validity, the number of items was reduced to 22. The results of exploratory factor analysis yielded a scale with 22 items in five domains, including \"healthcare provider support,\" \"perceived behavioural control,\" \"subjective norms,\" \"positive breastfeeding experience,\" and \"negative feelings and challenges.\" These subscales explained 63.19 and 69.70% of the total variance, respectively. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for each subscale was >0.70, and the intraclass correlation coefficient for each subscale was >0.75.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This scale showed acceptable validity and reliability for measuring breastfeeding behaviour and experiences in mothers who have had bariatric surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":15948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Lactation","volume":" ","pages":"8903344261431944"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147838840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Breastfeeding Education Delivered Through Motivational Interviewing on Breastfeeding Motivation, Self-Efficacy, and Maternal Bonding in Mothers Giving Vaginal Birth: Randomized, Controlled Trial.","authors":"Özge Palancı Ay, Songül Aktaş","doi":"10.1177/08903344261434541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08903344261434541","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study examined the effect of breastfeeding education using the motivational interviewing technique on breastfeeding motivation, self-efficacy, and mother-infant bonding in mothers who gave birth vaginally.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This randomized, controlled trial included 80 primiparous mothers. The experimental group received breastfeeding education with the motivational interviewing technique at four time points. Data were collected using Maternal Descriptive Information Form (MDIF), the Primiparous Breastfeeding Motivation Scale (PBMS), the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale (BSES), the Mother-Infant Bonding Scale (MIBS), and the Motivational Interviewing Importance and Confidence-Efficacy Rating Scale. Data were collected at three time points: immediately before training (pretest), 15 days following completion of the training (post-test), and 4 weeks thereafter (follow-up). Data were evaluated using Student's <i>t</i> test, Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> test, analysis of variance, Friedman variance test, and intention-to-treat analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the post-test and follow-up evaluations, the experimental group had significantly higher mean scores than the control group in the \"Value ascribed to breastfeeding\" (<i>p</i> < 0.001 and <i>p</i> = 0.004, respectively) and \"Midwife support\" (<i>p</i> < 0.001 and <i>p</i> = 0.003, respectively) subdimensions of the PBMS as well as in \"Motivational interviewing importance\" (<i>p</i> < 0.005) and \"Confidence-efficacy rating scale\" (<i>p</i> < 0.001). During the follow-up period, the experimental group also showed significantly higher scores in the \"Self-efficacy\" subdimension (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and total mean scores of the BSES (<i>p</i> = 0.033) and MIBS (<i>p</i> = 0.002) than the control group. However, the \"Expectation of success\" subdimension score of the PBMS was not significant (<i>p</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Breastfeeding education using the motivational interviewing technique enhances breastfeeding motivation (including values ascribed to breastfeeding, self-efficacy, and midwife support), breastfeeding self-efficacy, mother-infant bonding, and the importance and confidence-efficacy levels in breastfeeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":15948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Lactation","volume":" ","pages":"8903344261434541"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147838829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breastfeeding and Child Oral Health: An Umbrella Review.","authors":"Beatriz Díaz-Fabregat, Wilmer Ramírez-Carmona, Viviane de Oliveira Zequini Amarante, Rogério de Castilho Jacinto, Douglas Roberto Monteiro, Rosana Leal do Prado, Juliano Pelim Pessan","doi":"10.1177/08903344261426894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08903344261426894","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Breastfeeding is associated with infant health benefits, such as a reduced risk of infections, obesity, and diabetes, and offers protection against breast and ovarian cancer in mothers. However, its possible relationship with dental caries and malocclusions has recently been suggested.</p><p><strong>Research aim: </strong>The present umbrella review assessed the relationship between breastfeeding and oral health.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This umbrella review evaluated the relationship between breastfeeding and oral health in individuals under 18 years of age by systematically reviewing studies available in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and others. The Mantel-Haenszel method was used to calculate odds ratios (<i>OR</i>) with 95% confidence intervals.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighteen reviews on caries, malocclusions, bone mass, muscle function, and cleft lip/palate were analyzed. Breastfeeding was found to be a protective factor against dental caries (<i>OR</i> 0.71), with duration having no significant effect. A lower prevalence of open bite (<i>OR</i> 0.67) and posterior crossbite (<i>OR</i> 0.68) was also observed. Breastfeeding for ≥ 6 months was protective against overjet, dental crowding, and Class II malocclusion. However, it was associated with an increased risk of overbite (<i>OR</i> 1.95). Narrative analysis showed benefits of breastfeeding for muscular and craniofacial development, and it was considered safe in children with post-surgical cleft lip/palate.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Breastfeeding has positive effects on multiple aspects of children's oral health, reinforcing its importance for both oral and systemic health, thanks to its nutritional, mechanical and immunological benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":15948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Lactation","volume":" ","pages":"8903344261426894"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147838823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Colorful Concerns: Exploring Perceived Reasons for and Maternal-Infant Reactions to Human Milk Color Changes Through a Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Shraddha Trehan, Katarzyna Wszołek, Ashley Rook, Christine D Garner, Erin E Sing, Stephanie Stroever, Kaytlin Krutsch","doi":"10.1177/08903344261431671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08903344261431671","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Human milk color variation has been described in case reports, but no large-scale studies have characterized this phenomenon. Abrupt changes in milk color can be unsettling for parents and healthcare providers, potentially leading to unnecessary breastfeeding disruption.</p><p><strong>Research aim: </strong>The objectives of this study were to characterize self-reported human milk color variations, explore maternal perceptions of their causes, and examine factors associated with maternal breastfeeding routine changes following color variation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An exploratory cross-sectional online survey collecting self-reported observations of milk color changes was distributed via the InfantRisk Center from March 2022 to January 2023. Descriptive analyses characterized color variations and maternal responses (<i>n</i> = 430). Multivariable logistic regression identified factors associated with breastfeeding routine change (<i>n</i> = 277).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Green was the most commonly reported color (<i>n</i> = 174), followed by blue, yellow, and red. Most color changes lasted 1-3 days. Perceived causes included infection (<i>n</i> = 256), food (<i>n</i> = 274), vaccination (<i>n</i> = 43), medication/supplement (<i>n</i> = 60), and blood or trauma (<i>n</i> = 52). Most mothers were not concerned (<i>n</i> = 245), and no mother stopped breastfeeding entirely. Red milk was the strongest predictor of behavior change (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 19.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.9-77.2), followed by fear of harming the infant (aOR = 2.9, 95% CI 1.7-5.1) and maternal age (aOR = 1.2, 95% CI 1.03-1.30). Education was protective. Prior breastfeeding experience, infant health, infant age, and healthcare provider recommendation were not associated with breastfeeding behavior change.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Human milk color variation is more common and varied than previously documented. Anticipatory guidance normalizing color variation may reduce unnecessary fear across all parity groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":15948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Lactation","volume":" ","pages":"8903344261431671"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147816137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Global, Regional, and National Burden of Childhood Lower Respiratory Infections From Nonexclusive Breastfeeding, 1990-2021: Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021 Analysis and Implications for Public Health Strategies.","authors":"Shuai Wang, Jingbo Lv, Xueyuan Cao","doi":"10.1177/08903344261431673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08903344261431673","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nonexclusive breastfeeding is a major risk factor for childhood lower respiratory infections, yet its global burden remains unquantified. Although exclusive breastfeeding is widely recommended, the attributable burden of early infancy lower respiratory infections linked to nonexclusive breastfeeding and cross-country performance gaps have not been systematically assessed. This analysis fills that gap by combining burden estimates with frontier benchmarking.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021 database, we estimated deaths, disability-adjusted life years, age-standardized mortality rates, age-standardized disability-adjusted life-year rates, and population attributable fractions of lower respiratory infections attributable to nonexclusive breastfeeding across 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021. Temporal trends were assessed with joinpoint regression, and frontier analysis was applied to identify efficiency gaps.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2021, nonexclusive breastfeeding accounted for 37,890 lower respiratory infection deaths and 3.41 million disability-adjusted life years globally, with boys carrying a higher burden. India, Nigeria, and Pakistan had the largest absolute numbers, whereas Chad, Somalia, and South Sudan had the highest standardized rates. Neonates (<28 days old) showed the highest mortality and disability-adjusted life-year rates, indicating greater vulnerability than with infants aged 1-5 months. Globally, age-standardized mortality rates and age-standardized disability-adjusted life-year rates declined significantly from 1990 to 2021 (average annual percentage change -4.87%), although sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia still bore the heaviest burden. Frontier analysis revealed substantial potential for further reduction in low- and low-middle sociodemographic index countries through improved breastfeeding and health system strengthening.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite global progress, nonexclusive breastfeeding remains a major contributor to childhood lower respiratory infections, particularly among neonates and in low-sociodemographic index settings. Strengthening breastfeeding promotion and maternal-child health services is critical to reducing mortality, morbidity, and regional inequities. To achieve this, scaling evidence-based policies, such as Baby-Friendly practices, community lactation support, maternity protection, and strong enforcement of the International Code of Marketing of Breast Milk Substitutes is essential.</p>","PeriodicalId":15948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Lactation","volume":" ","pages":"8903344261431673"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147773528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time-Specified Marmet Technique on Early Lactation Among Mothers After Cesarean Section: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Netiporn Namsorn, Piyaporn Prasitwattanasaree, Piyanut Xuto","doi":"10.1177/08903344261431649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08903344261431649","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cesarean birth is often associated with delayed milk onset and reduced early milk volume. Although the Marmet technique is widely used to stimulate milk flow, its original form does not specify the duration for each step, which could affect consistency and effectiveness.</p><p><strong>Research aim: </strong>To evaluate the effectiveness of a time-specified Marmet technique on the onset of milk flow and early milk production during the first 4 postpartum days.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A randomized controlled trial was conducted in a postpartum unit in northern Thailand. Eighty-four mothers were randomly assigned to an intervention group receiving bedside instruction in the time-specified Marmet technique or a control group receiving routine breast-massage advice. Daily milk volume, expression frequency, and onset of milk flow were recorded from postoperative Day 1 to 4. Between-group comparisons used Mann-Whitney U and χ² tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The intervention group showed an earlier onset of milk flow (<i>p</i> = .022) and a greater total human milk volume (<i>p</i> = .002) than the control group. In exploratory analyses, day-specific target attainment on Days 2 to 4 correlated moderately with total volume (ρ = 0.47-0.52; all <i>p</i> < .01), whereas expression frequency did not (ρ = 0.08; <i>p</i> = .45).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Applying fixed time limits to each step of the Marmet technique enhances early milk production. This time-structured approach aligns maternal behavior with lactation reflexes and provides a simple, low-cost framework for nurse-led lactation counseling.</p>","PeriodicalId":15948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Lactation","volume":" ","pages":"8903344261431649"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147773405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of a Device Developed for Flat or Inverted Nipples on Breastfeeding Success and the Time of Breastfeeding: A Randomized Controlled Study.","authors":"Zeynem Yildirim Balkan, Serap Balci","doi":"10.1177/08903344261435728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08903344261435728","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mothers with flat or inverted nipples may have inadequate nipple protrusion, leading to infant latch difficulties and breastfeeding challenges. Although several approaches exist, their effectiveness varies.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This randomized controlled study evaluated the effect of a newly developed Device for Flat or Inverted nipples (DFIN) on nipple length, the time for the infant to achieve latch, the duration of a single breastfeeding session, exclusive breastfeeding rates, and scores on the LATCH Assessment Tool.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 63 mother-infant pairs (DFIN group: <i>n</i> = 31; injector group: <i>n</i> = 32). The DFIN was applied in the experimental group, and the modified injector technique was applied in the control group. Measurements included nipple length, time taken to achieve latch, duration of a single breastfeeding session, and LATCH scores. Exclusive breastfeeding rates were monitored at birth and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 months postpartum.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nipple length increased by 3.58 ± 2.06 millimeters in the DFIN group and 1.64 ± 1.17 millimeters in the injector group. The time taken to achieve latch decreased significantly in the DFIN group. LATCH scores increased by 2.10 ± 3.00 in the DFIN group, whereas they decreased by 1.38 ± 4.72 in the injector group. Exclusive breastfeeding rates were consistently higher in the DFIN group at birth and the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 5th, and 6th months postpartum (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings indicate that the DFIN improves nipple protrusion, shortens latch achievement time, enhances breastfeeding effectiveness, and supports sustained exclusive breastfeeding during the first 6 months postpartum.</p>","PeriodicalId":15948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Lactation","volume":" ","pages":"8903344261435728"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147772634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Breast Massage and Virtual Reality Application on Lactation in Postpartum Women: A Randomized, Controlled Trial.","authors":"Şeyma Çatalgöl, Kevser Gürsan","doi":"10.1177/08903344261431660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08903344261431660","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cesarean delivery can negatively impact breastfeeding due to the effects of anesthesia, incision pain, and insufficient oxytocin release. New nonpharmacologic approaches are needed in the postpartum period to improve breastfeeding success and support initiation.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study was to examine the effects of breast massage and virtual reality (VR) applied to postpartum women after cesarean section on lactation, breastfeeding skills, and breastfeeding self-efficacy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This randomized, controlled trial was conducted from January 31, 2025, to June 12, 2025, with 94 postpartum women who gave birth by cesarean section in a training and research hospital in Türkiye. Three different groups were formed: the breast massage group (BMG; <i>n</i> = 32), the virtual reality group (VRG; <i>n</i> = 31), and the control group (CG; <i>n</i> = 31). Interventions were performed at hours 3 and 24 postoperatively. The data-collection tools used in this study were a high-precision infant scale, the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form, and the LATCH Breastfeeding Assessment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Milk transfer volume, considered a primary outcome at 24 hours postoperatively, showed higher values in the BMG than in the CG (<i>P</i> < 0.05). whereas no difference was found between the VRG and the CG (<i>P</i> > 0.05). In all three groups, 24-hour values increased significantly compared with 3-hour values (<i>P</i> < 0.05). LATCH Breastfeeding Assessment and Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form scores, considered as secondary outcome measures, increased over time in all groups (<i>P</i> < 0.05), but no significant difference was observed between the groups (<i>P</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study showed that breast massage increased milk transfer within 24 hours compared with the CG, whereas VR application yielded similar results to the CG. The findings suggest that breast massage may support early milk transfer, but further research is needed regarding the effects of VR.</p>","PeriodicalId":15948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Lactation","volume":" ","pages":"8903344261431660"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147773465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does the Grandmother Matter? Knowledge and Attitudes in Intergenerational Transmission of Breastfeeding: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Jing-Ling Wu, Xiao-Yun Zhang, Xiu-Min Jiang","doi":"10.1177/08903344261434533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08903344261434533","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Grandmothers are vital holders of breastfeeding knowledge and play a crucial role in breastfeeding practices. However, their role in supporting exclusive breastfeeding is frequently overlooked.</p><p><strong>Research aim: </strong>To investigate grandmothers' breastfeeding knowledge and attitudes, explore mothers' perceptions of grandmothers' breastfeeding support, and analyze factors among mothers and grandmothers associated with breastfeeding practices.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study with a six-week postpartum breastfeeding mode assessment was conducted at a baby-friendly tertiary Maternity and Children's Hospital in China between March and June 2021. The validated Breastfeeding Knowledge Questionnaire, Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale, and Mothers' Perceptions of Grandmothers' Breastfeeding Support Scale were used. Using multivariable logistic regression, the association between study variables and exclusive breastfeeding within 6 weeks postpartum was explored.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 310 mother-grandmother dyads completed structured questionnaires, and 292 mothers were followed at 6 weeks postpartum. The mean score for grandmothers' breastfeeding knowledge was 9.32 (SD = 2.33) out of 14 points. One hundred and seventy-nine (57.7%) of the grandmothers exhibited positive attitudes towards breastfeeding. Mothers perceived that grandmothers provided positive family support (<i>M</i> = 27.77, <i>SD</i> = 3.40). Mothers' breastfeeding plans and perceived breastfeeding support, grandmothers' education levels, and breastfeeding attitudes were independent factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding within 6 weeks postpartum.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Grandmothers' involvement in breastfeeding remains influential; however, they lack sufficient breastfeeding knowledge and put pressure on mothers concerning formula milk use. The study provides a basic framework for future prospective and interventional research to exert grandmothers' roles effectively and promote exclusive breastfeeding rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":15948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Lactation","volume":" ","pages":"8903344261434533"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147773462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}