Journal of Human Lactation最新文献

{"title":"Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative Practices in U.S. Hospitals Mitigate Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Breastfeeding Continuation.","authors":"Jane Lazar Tucker, Kimberly Arcoleo, Diane DiTomasso, Brietta M Oaks, Howard Cabral, Thaís São-João","doi":"10.1177/08903344251319362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08903344251319362","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Breastfeeding provides numerous benefits for mothers and infants, but there are disparities in breastfeeding rates by race and ethnicity in the United States.</p><p><strong>Research aim: </strong>Our study aimed to identify the extent to which Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) key clinical practices during the birth hospitalization influenced breastfeeding success by race and ethnicity.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This study was a secondary analysis of the 2016 to 2019 National Pregnancy Risk Assessment Measurement System (PRAMS), a cross-sectional survey. Our sample included 60,395 mothers who initiated breastfeeding with healthy, term newborns. We examined the odds of breastfeeding to ≥ 10 weeks by percent of key clinical practices received and racial and ethnic group. Absolute racial differences were calculated to reflect the difference in breastfeeding rates by race and ethnicity overall, and stratified by percent of BFHI key clinical practices received.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>BFHI key clinical practices were a significant predictor of breastfeeding at ≥ 10 weeks; receipt of progressively more key clinical practices resulted in higher odds of breastfeeding. Over 75% of mothers who received 100% of key clinical practices breastfed for at least 10 weeks across all racial and ethnic groups. Among mothers who received ideal breastfeeding care, disparities were eliminated; there were no statistically significant differences in rates of breastfeeding ≥ 10 weeks for Black non-Hispanic (adjusted absolute racial difference [aARD] -4.5, 95% CI [-9.5, 0.4]), Hispanic English-speaking (aARD -2.6, 95% CI [-6.6, 1.4]), or Hispanic Spanish-speaking (aARD 1.7, 95% CI [-5.2, 8.6]) mothers compared to White non-Hispanic mothers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is a need to renew the push for universal adoption of BFHI by U.S. hospitals to address racial and ethnic disparities in breastfeeding outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":15948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Lactation","volume":" ","pages":"8903344251319362"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breastfeeding Support and Protection During Natural Disaster and Climate-Related Emergencies in Indonesia: Policy Audit.","authors":"Andini Pramono, Alvia Hikmawati, Setiya Hartiningtiyaswati, Julie Smith","doi":"10.1177/08903344251322770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08903344251322770","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Indonesia is a middle-income country in Southeast Asia in which 2,394 disasters were recorded in 2022 alone, with a total loss of 178,367 lives. In 2018 governments at the World Health Assembly resolved to improve emergency planning using Operational Guidance on Infant and Young Child Feeding in Emergencies (OG IFE). Little is known about whether Indonesian policies protect the health and lives of women, infants, and young children in line with OG IFE through planning for breastfeeding support and protection during emergencies.</p><p><strong>Research aim: </strong>To identify and audit Indonesian policy regulations regarding infant and young child feeding support and protection during emergencies.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A search of the grey literature was conducted in 2023 through Google Basic and Advanced Search, official websites, and consultation with the Indonesian Breastfeeding Mothers Association (Asosiasi Ibu Menyusui Indonesia/AIMI) network. Keywords used included the Indonesian words for \"regulation,\" \"disaster,\" and the name of a province, city, or region, or the name of appropriate government organizations. Data was analyzed using a qualitative content analysis approach, and based on the Infant and Young Child Feeding in Emergencies: Operational Guidance for Emergency Relief Staff and Program Managers (OG-IFE) framework.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 513 regulations were found online; however, only four were included for audit. The 509 excluded regulations did not specifically mention infant and young child feeding in emergencies. Those Indonesian policies that did mention infant and young child feeding in emergencies lacked attention to, and comprehensive planning for, breastfeeding protection and support during emergencies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Mothers and infants may be exposed to unnecessary risk and avoidable morbidity and mortality during emergencies. Indonesia could enhance its disaster relief policies to align with international standards supporting breastfeeding in emergencies. This could involve more comprehensive and integrated regional planning and preparation before disasters, including regular assessment of local infant and young child feeding practices, communication measures to raise emergency workers' awareness of breastfeeding, and resourcing of training so as to translate policies into practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":15948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Lactation","volume":" ","pages":"8903344251322770"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Hydrotherapy During Labor and β-Endorphin Levels in Postpartum Mother's Milk.","authors":"Rahime Bedir Fındık, Nükhet Kaçar, Özlem Uzunlar, Gülsen Yılmaz, Fatma Meriç Mert Yılmaz, Jale Karakaya, Yaprak Ustun","doi":"10.1177/08903344251319006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08903344251319006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hydrotherapy is a complementary and alternative method in childbirth widely used to reduce labor pain and stress. The birth process significantly influences levels of β-endorphin in human milk. However, the relationship between hydrotherapy during labor and β-endorphin levels in the mother's milk is unclear.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>We aimed to investigate the relationship between hydrotherapy during labor, and human milk β-endorphin levels. The study also aimed to investigate the relationship between milk β-endorphin levels and maternal labor pain and birth satisfaction.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional observational study involving a total of 84 participants who gave birth vaginally. Among them, 42 received hydrotherapy during the initial stage of labor, while the remaining 42 did not. Considering the available data, an alpha of 0.05 (Type I error), and β-endorphin concentration, our sample of 84 participants provided a power calculation of 65%. Milk samples were collected, and the Perception of Birth Scale was administered 24 hours after birth. The concentration of β-endorphin in the participant's milk and the Perception of Birth Scale were compared using Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The amount of β-endorphin in milk was higher for participants who received hydrotherapy than for those who did not (Mean = 503.5 pg/ml, <i>SD</i> = 569.2; mean = 295.7 pg/ml, <i>SD</i> 274 respectively; <i>p</i> = 0.028). The total Perception of Birth Scale scores were higher in the hydrotherapy group compared to the control group (Mean = 78.9, <i>SD</i> = 6.2; mean = 74.1, <i>SD</i> = 6.4; <i>p</i> = 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Hydrotherapy is correlated with a positive perception of birth and higher levels of β-endorphin in milk. Further research on the causal relationship between hydrotherapy and β-endorphin levels in milk may support its use to facilitate positive changes in mother's milk.</p>","PeriodicalId":15948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Lactation","volume":" ","pages":"8903344251319006"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143656933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hispanic Birthing Parents' Experiences With Lactation Support Received In-Hospital: A Quality Improvement Needs Assessment.","authors":"Cati G Brown-Johnson, Samantha M R Kling, Erika A Saliba-Gustafsson, Zakiyah K Williams, Julie Najar, Anna Sophia Lessios, Sonia Rose Harris, Kate A Shaw, Lisa M Goldthwaite, Jonathan G Shaw, Susan D Crowe","doi":"10.1177/08903344251321777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08903344251321777","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Human milk-feeding benefits infants and parents. Exclusive human milk (EHM) feeding is recommended for infants younger than 6 months; however, many U.S. infants do not receive this recommendation. Documented disparities exist between White and historically marginalized populations, including Hispanic/Latino parents.Quality Improvement Needs Assessment Aims:To explore Hispanic birthing parents' experiences with human milk-feeding and lactation support as part of a quality improvement needs assessment project, identifying barriers and facilitators during post-birth hospital recovery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We collected and triangulated three data sources for 37 interviews: (1) in-hospital observations that included opportunistic informal interviews, as well as telephone interviews with (2) English- and Spanish-language-preferring Hispanic birthing parents, and (3) pediatric clinician interviews (via snowball sampling recruitment). In-hospital observations were collected in March 2022 at a Northern California academic medical center. Interviews included birthing parents, physicians, nurses, clinical trainees, administrators, and lactation consultants. Telephone interviews occurred between March and May 2022. We used rapid and thematic analysis, subsequently mapping themes to the socioecological model as an organizing framework.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Interpersonal growth opportunities were identified: trust-building through deep listening, better communication between patients and clinicians, particularly at night, and better cross-language understanding. At the hospital level, identified needs included supportive maternity care practices, lactation staff availability, and more perinatal lactation education and resources (e.g., iPads, pumps). Spanish-language-preferring patients reported needing better interpretation services.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This quality improvement project identified opportunities for improvement in relationships with patients, clinician communication, and training and physical resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":15948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Lactation","volume":" ","pages":"8903344251321777"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143657120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing Baby-Friendly Hospital Step 2 Training A Hospital Case Study.","authors":"Cassandra P Leahy","doi":"10.1177/08903344251319363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08903344251319363","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Maintaining Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) standards within a complex healthcare system presents unique challenges. This case study from a regional perinatal center in the northeast United States details the design and implementation of a program to address BFHI Step 2, which requires ongoing competency assessment and team member training to ensure breastfeeding support. The shift of BFHI competencies to continuous professional development introduced logistical challenges, compounded by staff turnover and budget constraints. To address these, the hospital team developed an in-house learning management system tailored to BFHI requirements. The learning management system offered modular, role-specific content, self-paced learning, and interactive assessments, ensuring adaptability, cost-effectiveness, and scalability. Administrative tools supported compliance tracking and reviews of test results, which assisted with timely resolution of knowledge gaps. A hybrid approach, including in-person training and team meetings, further reinforced staff competence. This sustainable, integrated system fostered continuous learning, and enhanced staff preparedness toward supporting breastfeeding families.</p>","PeriodicalId":15948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Lactation","volume":" ","pages":"8903344251319363"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship and Determinants of Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Among Postpartum Mothers and Fathers in Malawi: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Roselyn Chipojola, Mega Hasanul Huda, Kaboni Whitney Gondwe, Nyanyiwe Masingi Mbeye, Shu-Yu Kuo","doi":"10.1177/08903344251318274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08903344251318274","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Breastfeeding self-efficacy among both mothers and fathers is critical in enhancing exclusive breastfeeding rates. However, the interrelationship between maternal and paternal breastfeeding self-efficacy and their determinants remains unknown.</p><p><strong>Research aims: </strong>We aimed to (a) investigate the relationship between breastfeeding self-efficacy scores postpartum for mothers and fathers; (b) explore factors associated with breastfeeding self-efficacy in this group; and (c) examine determinants of combined self-efficacy scores among breastfeeding parents in Malawi.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional study on postpartum mother-father couples at a tertiary maternity facility in central Malawi. Breastfeeding self-efficacy was measured using the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale Short-Form. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. A structured questionnaire was used to collect demographic and health variables. Data were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression and multinomial logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mothers demonstrated a higher score of self-efficacy (<i>M</i> = 55.7, <i>SD</i> = 6.5) in comparison to fathers (<i>M</i> = 50.2, <i>SD</i> = 11.9). A significant moderate positive correlation was identified between mothers' and fathers' breastfeeding self-efficacy (<i>r</i> = 0.32). Age, employment status, mode of birth, and practicing exclusive breastfeeding were significantly associated with maternal and paternal breastfeeding self-efficacy. Factors including advanced age, Cesarean delivery, and depressive symptoms emerged as significant determinants of combined breastfeeding self-efficacy scores among couples.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Breastfeeding self-efficacy is highly correlated between mothers and fathers, with a relatively higher score in mothers. Importantly, sociodemographic, obstetric, and psychological determinants play a substantial role in influencing parental breastfeeding efficacy. This highlights the necessity of incorporating both mothers and fathers into future breastfeeding promotion strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":15948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Lactation","volume":" ","pages":"8903344251318274"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"About Research: Clinical Versus Statistical Significance.","authors":"Kathryn Wouk, Kathleen Kenny, Ellen Chetwynd","doi":"10.1177/08903344251320587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08903344251320587","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Lactation","volume":" ","pages":"8903344251320587"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison Between Antenatal and Postnatal Colostrum From Women With and Without Type 1 Diabetes.","authors":"Alexandra Goldberg, Hans Pettersson, Cecilia Ekéus, Carina Ursing, Eva Wiberg-Itzel, Joanna Tingström","doi":"10.1177/08903344251318285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08903344251318285","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundSupplementary feeding, colostrum or, in some countries, commercial milk formula, is given to newborns of women with Type 1 diabetes to prevent neonatal hypoglycemia. Few studies have explored the content of colostrum from women with Type 1 diabetes.Research AimsThis study aimed to investigate the macronutrients in colostrum collected during pregnancy and in the early postpartum period to compare colostrum contents in women with and without Type 1 diabetes.MethodsIn this cohort study, we collected colostrum among 20 women, 10 with and 10 without Type 1 diabetes, at 10 different time points in gestational weeks 36-40 and postpartum Days 1-5. We measured carbohydrates, protein, fat, and kilocalories in colostrum using a human milk analyzer; and we analyzed data using linear mixed models. In a follow-up analysis, we compared the content of colostrum from Day 1 with the nutritional values provided on the commercial milk formula, using a one-sample <i>t</i> test.ResultsThere were no mean differences in carbohydrates (6.6 g/100 ml; 95% CI [6.3, 6.9] vs. 6.7 g/100 ml; 95% CI [6.4, 7.0] <i>p</i> = 0.29); kilocalories (71.1 kcal/100 ml; 95% CI [62.9, 79.3] vs. 85.3 kcal/100 ml; 95% CI [77.2, 93.3] <i>p</i> = 0.21], and fat (2.7 g/100 ml; 95% CI [1.8, 3.6] vs. 2.3 g/100 ml; 95% CI [1.4, 3.2] <i>p</i> = 0.55) in colostrum when comparing women with and without Type 1 diabetes. However, antenatal protein differed at all timepoints tested (<i>p</i> = 0.01). Colostrum macronutrients on Day 1 differed from that of commercial milk formula and all other colostrum time points, except Gestational Week 38.ConclusionsOur study provides insights into antenatal and postnatal colostrum macronutrients among women with and without Type 1 diabetes. Further studies are needed to understand the effects of supplementary feeding using antenatal or postnatal colostrum or commercial milk formula on neonatal hypoglycemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":15948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Lactation","volume":" ","pages":"8903344251318285"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experiences of Breastfeeding Mothers of Infants With Ankyloglossia: A Qualitative Study.","authors":"Gemma López-Segura, Raquel Alarcón-Rodríguez, Raúl Romero-Del Rey, María Del Mar Murillo-de Las Heras, Mar Requena-Mullor, Jessica García-González","doi":"10.1177/08903344251319299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08903344251319299","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ankyloglossia, or limited tongue mobility due to a restrictive sublingual frenulum, can complicate breastfeeding. Treatment typically involves a frenotomy, a procedure that cuts the restrictive tissue parallel to the tongue.</p><p><strong>Research aim: </strong>To describe the experiences of breastfeeding mothers with children affected by ankyloglossia, before any treatment for the condition.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This was a qualitative descriptive study. Using purposive sampling, 20 participants were recruited. Data were collected through individualized semi-structured interviews. The interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was used for data analysis with ATLAS.ti computer software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four main themes were identified: (1) Breastfeeding: An idyllic and intuitive process; (2) When idyllic becomes problematic; (3) Looking for a solution; and (4) Recommendations based on experience. During pregnancy, the participants perceived breastfeeding as an idealized process. After delivery, participants described physical and emotional difficulties with breastfeeding that they attributed to ankyloglossia. Although the care received by midwives in the hospital was satisfactory, the participants described shortcomings, including the lack of breastfeeding training for healthcare professionals and the lack of specialized physiotherapists.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study shows the difficulties experienced by breastfeeding mothers of children with ankyloglossia prior to treatment, emphasizing the importance of a comprehensive approach. Despite satisfaction with midwifery care, shortcomings in the hospital were described.</p>","PeriodicalId":15948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Lactation","volume":" ","pages":"8903344251319299"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lactation Newsmakers: Elaine Petitat-Côté: Making Good Use of Two UN Conventions to Advocate for Breastfeeding Rights.","authors":"Elaine Petitat-Côté, Maryse Arendt","doi":"10.1177/08903344251318961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08903344251318961","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Elaine Petitat-Côté was born in Canada and has lived for the greatest part of her life in Geneva. She has consistently worked with development, health, and women's organizations and non-governmental organizations (NGOs), advocating for a public health approach to medicine that considers the social and economic realities of communities, and emphasizes the creation of healthy living conditions to ensure long-term, sustainable health outcomes This perspective supports a horizontal approach to medicine, in contrast to the narrower, vertical approach typically employed. As a member of the International Baby Food Action Network (IBFAN) she worked for the Geneva Infant Feeding Association (GIFA) on two main issues related to breastfeeding: maternity protection at work, and the rights of children to the highest attainable standard of health and nutrition, in particular by protecting breastfeeding. In this article, she explains her work at IBFAN-GIFA as it focused on the adoption and implementation of the International Labour Organization (ILO) Convention 183 and Recommendation 191 on maternity protection. She also explains how she was able to use the review process built into the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) to develop a rights-based approach to promote, protect, and support breastfeeding and make way to improving the legal, social, and institutional situation of breastfeeding in all countries examined by the Committee on the rights of the child.</p>","PeriodicalId":15948,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Lactation","volume":" ","pages":"8903344251318961"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}