Journal of global antimicrobial resistance最新文献

{"title":"Increasing trend of antimicrobial resistance among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains in Southwest Finland, 2007–2016: An analysis of shifting strain dynamics and emerging risk factors","authors":"Jaakko Silvola ,&nbsp;Kirsi Gröndahl-Yli-Hannuksela ,&nbsp;Tiina Hirvioja ,&nbsp;Kaisu Rantakokko-Jalava ,&nbsp;Mari Kanerva ,&nbsp;Kari Auranen ,&nbsp;Harri Marttila ,&nbsp;Jenna Junnila ,&nbsp;Jaana Vuopio","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.11.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.11.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Substantial rise in the annual incidence of methicillin-resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (MRSA) was reported in Southwest Finland (12.4–24.9/100,000 people) between 2007 and 2016. To understand the implications of these changes to the management of MRSA, we sought to analyse the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) trends of MRSA in relation with patient characteristics.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined for 10 clinically relevant antimicrobials. Strains with resistance to ≥2 antimicrobials were defined multi-resistant. The isolates were spa-typed and clustered. AMR trends and risk factors were identified by associating resistant phenotypes with patient demographics.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 983 new MRSA cases were identified between 2007 and 2016. After 2011, significant increasing trends were observed in the proportion of isolates resistant to clindamycin (13.9%–31.5%, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), erythromycin (19.4%–35.4%, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) and tetracycline (16.7%–32%, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). The proportion of multi-resistant isolates more than doubled from 14.8% to 39.2%. The increasing AMR trend was reflected in the increase of new strain types and the decrease of previously dominant, non-multi-resistant strains. Patient risk factors associated with (<em>P</em> <em>&lt;</em> 0.001) the acquisition of multi-resistant strains included community acquisition, livestock contact, hospital care abroad and immigrant status.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Notable increasing AMR trends among MRSA isolates were observed in Southwest Finland, 2007–2016. The shift in patient demographics to younger age groups and community acquisition contributed to the increase in multi-resistant strains. Immigration, contact with hospital environment abroad and contact with livestock were identified as essential risk factors of multi-resistance. The increased level of co-resistance has persisted after 2016.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":"40 ","pages":"Pages 47-52"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142769676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa ST1971 clinical strain carrying the blaNDM-1 gene on ICETn43716385 in Greece","authors":"Christos-Georgios Gkountinoudis,&nbsp;Efthymia Petinaki","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":"40 ","pages":"Pages 98-99"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142854330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Draft genome sequence of a co-harbouring blaNDM-5 and mcr-1.1 Escherichia coli phylogroup A isolate associated with patient colonisation in Ireland","authors":"Anna Tumeo ,&nbsp;Francesca McDonagh ,&nbsp;Aneta Kovarova ,&nbsp;Kate Ryan ,&nbsp;Christina Clarke ,&nbsp;Georgios Miliotis","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.11.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.11.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>While <em>Escherichia coli</em> phylogroup-A is typically associated with commensal strains, some isolates can harbour virulence and exhibit multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotypes. We report the draft genome of a rare instance of carbapenem, fosfomycin and colistin resistant <em>E. coli</em> phylogroup-A, isolated as part of routine screening of a human patient in a clinical setting in Ireland.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div><em>E. coli</em> E230738 was identified using MALDI-ToF/MS. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the Sensititre-EUMDRXXF plate. Whole-genome-sequencing was conducted with NextSeq1000, and genomic analysis identified antibiotic-resistance-genes (ARGs) and virulence-factors (VFs). Phylogenetic analysis was performed using whole-genome-multilocus-sequence-typing (wgMLST).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div><em>E. coli</em> E230738 genome was identified to belong to phylogroup-A/ST10 complex and to harbour 63 ARGs, 17 of which acquired. Resistance to beta-lactams, including carbapenems and cephalosporins was likely due to chromosomally identified <em>bla</em>_NDM-5. Colistin resistance appeared associated with acquired <em>mcr</em>-1.1. Despite lacking fosfomycin-inactivating-enzymes, fosfomycin resistance was observed, possibly due to efflux pumps. Forty-seven chromosomal VFs were identified, involved in adhesion and iron acquisition amongst other properties. Plasmid replicons associated with the spread of MDR genes such as IncHI2/HI2A were detected. wgMLST analysis showed the closest relative being a strain from the UK, exhibiting differences in the sequences of 851 genes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This is a first detected instance of a <em>bla</em>_NDM-5 and <em>mcr</em>-1.1 co-occurring in <em>E. coli</em> in Ireland. The MDR profile of <em>E. coli</em> E230738 highlights the growing public health concern posed by the dissemination of MDR <em>E. coli</em> lineages with limited treatment options and underscores the need for clinical screening coupled with genomic surveillance to better understand evolving MDR patterns in <em>E. coli</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":"40 ","pages":"Pages 62-65"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142791964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clonal dissemination of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcaceae between Algerian sheep farms","authors":"Chahrazed Belhout ,&nbsp;Javier E. Fernandez ,&nbsp;Patrick Butaye ,&nbsp;Vincent Perreten","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.12.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.12.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Sheep farming represents an important economic sector in Algeria, and the potential dissemination of methicillin-resistant <em>Staphylococcaceae</em> (MRS) is a critical veterinary and public health concern. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and types of MRS in ovine in Algeria and characterize them using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Two hundred sheep from 20 different Algerian farms across 3 regions were screened for nasal colonization with MRS. The isolates were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), their minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by broth microdilution, and the presence of the <em>mec</em> gene was confirmed with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The <em>mec</em>-positive isolates were sequenced using Illumina technology to build species specific core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST)- and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)-based phylogenies and perform an in silico screening for antimicrobial resistance genes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The prevalence of MRS-positive farms was 85% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 69.34%–100%) across the sampled farms. Ten distinct <em>Staphylococcaceae</em> species were identified, with <em>Staphylococcus saprophyticus</em> (<em>S. saprophyticus; n</em> = 29), <em>Mammaliicoccus lentus</em> (<em>M. lentus; n</em> = 24), and <em>Staphylococcus haemolyticus</em> (<em>S. haemolyticus; n</em> = 19) being the predominant species. WGS-based phylogeny and SNP analysis (0 to 126 SNPs) revealed that isolates of these three species were highly related, indicating clonal dissemination within and between farms. MRS exhibited a multi-drug resistance pattern, with detection of resistance genes for β-lactams, tetracyclines, fusidic acid, trimethoprim, aminoglycosides, tiamulin, and macrolides.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Specific clonal lineages of methicillin-resistant <em>S. saprophyticus, S. haemolyticus</em>, and <em>M. lentus</em> are widespread in Algerian sheep farms. Enhancing hygiene practices on farms is recommended to prevent further dissemination of these resistant strains to animals and humans. © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":"41 ","pages":"Pages 96-104"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142914897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and characterization of Acinetobacter phage vAbaIN10 active against carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) isolates from healthcare-associated infections in Dakar, Senegal","authors":"Issa Ndiaye ,&nbsp;Laurent Debarbieux ,&nbsp;Ousmane Sow ,&nbsp;Bissoume Sambe Ba ,&nbsp;Moussa Moise Diagne ,&nbsp;Abdoulaye Cissé ,&nbsp;Cheikh Fall ,&nbsp;Yakhya Dieye ,&nbsp;Ndongo Dia ,&nbsp;Guillaume Constantin de Magny ,&nbsp;Abdoulaye Seck","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.12.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.12.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Carbapenem-resistant <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em> (CRAB) is a critical antimicrobial resistance threat and a WHO-prioritized pathogen. With intrinsic resistance to multiple antibiotics and the emergence of pan-resistant isolates, CRAB infections are challenging to treat, often relying on polymyxins, tigecycline, aminoglycosides, or combinations, though co-resistance is rising globally. Phage therapy is considered as a potential treatment for multidrug-resistant <em>A. baumannii</em>. This study focused on isolating and characterizing phages active against CRAB strains from healthcare-associated infections in Dakar, Senegal.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A lytic phage, <em>Acinetobacter</em> vAbaIN10, was isolated from wastewater collected at the Aristide Le Dantec Hospital in Dakar, Senegal. Isolation, host range, efficiency of plating, temperature and pH stability, lysis kinetics, one-step growth test, sequencing, and genomic analysis were performed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Phage vAbaIN10 belongs to the class <em>Caudoviricetes</em> and the genus <em>Friunavirus</em>. Its genome is 40,279 bp in size. Phage vAbaIN10 is stable across a wide pH range (3–9) and temperature range (25°C–60°C). The phage's lytic activity was evaluated at different multiplicities of infection (MOI): MOI 10, 1, and 10⁻¹. All MOIs significantly reduced the growth of host bacteria. The one-step growth curve showed that vAbaIN10 had a latency period of 25 min and a burst size of approximately 4.78 × 10³ phages per infected bacterial cell. No tRNA, mtRNA, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat, virulence factors, or antibiotic resistance genes were found in the genome.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The biological and genomic characteristics of vAbaIN10 meet the requirements for its potential use in phage therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":"41 ","pages":"Pages 151-158"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142914917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of high doses of intravenous fosfomycin for treatment of urinary tract infection caused by KPC carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae: An observational study","authors":"Jorge Rodríguez-Gómez ,&nbsp;Irene Gracia-Ahufinger I ,&nbsp;Rosario Carmona-Flores ,&nbsp;Julia Guzmán-Puche ,&nbsp;Rafael León ,&nbsp;Elena Pérez-Nadales ,&nbsp;Monserrat Muñoz de la Rosa ,&nbsp;Alejandra Mendez Natera ,&nbsp;Juan José Castón ,&nbsp;Ángela Cano ,&nbsp;Juan Jesús Pineda-Capitán ,&nbsp;Cristina López ,&nbsp;Carmen De la Fuente-Martos ,&nbsp;Julián Torre-Cisneros ,&nbsp;Luis Martínez-Martínez","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.12.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.12.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the efficacy of high-dose intravenous fosfomycin for the treatment of urinary tract infections (UTI) caused by KPC carbapenemase-producing <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> (KPC-Kp). A secondary objective was to evaluate the impact of the results of fosfomycin susceptibility testing on prognosis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This is an observational and retrospective study. Patients hospitalized with UTI caused by KPC-Kp receiving treatment with high-dose intravenous fosfomycin were evaluated from December 2012 to June 2018. The primary outcome variable was clinical cure at d 21.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Forty-seven patients were included. The results of commercial microdilution panels showed that KPC-Kp isolates from 14 (29.8%) and 33 (70.2%) patients were non-susceptible and susceptible to fosfomycin, respectively. In 28 available isolates, susceptibility was also determined by the reference agar dilution method. In the global cohort, clinical cure was achieved at d 21 for 33 (70.2%) out of the 47 patients, with no statistical differences found between fosfomycin non-susceptible isolates and fosfomycin susceptible isolates as determined by commercial microdilution (78.6 vs. 66.7%; <em>P</em> = 0.50) or by the reference agar dilution (83.3 vs. 72.7%; <em>P</em> = 1). In the logistic regression analysis, the Pitt index was the only variable related to clinical cure at 21 d. No statistically significant differences were found for the variables associated with fosfomycin susceptibility testing or fosfomycin minimum inhibitory concentration.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>High-dose intravenous fosfomycin can be considered for treatment of hospitalized patients with KPC-Kp UTI in some scenarios. in vitro fosfomycin susceptibility testing for multiresistant KPC-Kp may be of limited clinical value.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":"41 ","pages":"Pages 138-143"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142907110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential drug interaction after withdrawal of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 infection","authors":"Yun Han ,&nbsp;Yonglan Gou ,&nbsp;Jieqiong Liu ,&nbsp;Lingyan Yu ,&nbsp;Yuhua Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhenwei Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.12.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.12.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Nirmatrelvir-ritonavir is effective in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. It can cause drug‒drug interactions (DDIs), even several days after withdrawal, due to irreversible inhibition of the cytochrome enzyme.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Hospitalized patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection and treated with nirmatrelvir-ritonavir were retrospectively included according to preset criteria. Personal information, as well as drug use, were obtained from the hospital information system. Potential DDIs were screened and classified according to three databases (FDA fact sheet, University of Liverpool Drug Interactions resources and Lexicomp).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 332 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 infection who received nirmatrelvir-ritonavir treatment were included in this study. The prevalence of potential DDI risk after withdrawal of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir in hospitalized patients was 57.2 %. Most patients resumed potentially interacting medications on the first day of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir withdrawal, and those drugs with DDI risk at the avoidance level mainly included dexamethasone and rivaroxaban, whereas drugs at the caution level mainly included lidocaine.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The prevalence of potential DDI risk after withdrawal of nirmatlevir-ritonavir was high and should be given more attention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":"42 ","pages":"Pages 151-153"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142903268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Next-generation sequencing and drug resistance mutations of HIV-1 subtypes in people living with HIV in Sicily, Italy, 2021–2023","authors":"Luca Pipitò ,&nbsp;Marcello Trizzino ,&nbsp;Chiara Mascarella ,&nbsp;Sara Cannella ,&nbsp;Roberta Gaudiano ,&nbsp;Irene Ganci ,&nbsp;Gaetano D'Alessandro ,&nbsp;Benedetta Romanin ,&nbsp;Maria Mercedes Santoro ,&nbsp;Giovanni M. Giammanco ,&nbsp;Antonio Cascio ,&nbsp;Celestino Bonura","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.12.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.12.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>HIV-1 infection continues to be a significant public health concern, notwithstanding the expanded utilization of antiretroviral treatment (ART), due to the emergence of drug resistance. The prevalence of transmitted drug resistance remains uncertain, particularly concerning integrase inhibitors. This study aimed to assess the extent of HIV resistance in both ART-naïve and experienced individuals living with HIV (PLHIV) at the University Hospital in Palermo, Italy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Genotyping and mutation analysis were performed on ART naïve and experienced PLHIV admitted from June 2021 to October 2023 by the NGS method. Mutations were detected by testing different NGS frequency cut-offs: ≥5 %, ≥10 %, and ≥20 %. Demographic, clinical, virological, and immunological data were retrospectively collected.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the PLHIV, 85 (70 %) were ART-naïve, while 36 (30 %) were ART-experienced with virological failure. The main HIV-1 subtype was B (54 %), which was significantly associated with Italy-born (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) and experienced PLHIV (<em>P</em> = 0.024). In the remaining cases, A1 (6 %), C (3 %), F1 (7 %), G (2 %), and Circulating Recombinant Forms (28 %) were reported. At least one mutation for a drug class was detected in 39.7 %, 45.4 %, and 53.7 % of cases at HIV-1 NGS thresholds of 20 %, 10 %, and 5 %, respectively. Drug resistance was found in 18.2 %, 25.6 %, and 33.0 %, by NGS cut-off of 20 %, 10 %, and 5 % respectively. The lowering of NGS cut-offs mainly increased the rates of integrase strand transfer inhibitor resistance. For overall resistance, no difference was observed between B and non-B subtypes for any NGS cut-offs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":"41 ","pages":"Pages 68-76"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142903263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel allelic variants of blaOXA-48-like carried on IncN2 and IncC2 plasmids isolated from clinical cases in Argentina: In vivo emergence of blaOXA-567","authors":"Juan Manuel de Mendieta ,&nbsp;Denise De Belder ,&nbsp;Nathalie Tijet ,&nbsp;Barbara Ghiglione ,&nbsp;Roberto G. Melano ,&nbsp;Melina Rapoport ,&nbsp;Pablo Power ,&nbsp;Adriana Di Bella ,&nbsp;Estefanía Biondi ,&nbsp;Fernando Pasterán ,&nbsp;Alejandra Corso ,&nbsp;Sonia A. Gomez","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.12.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.12.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The OXA-48-like enzymes have the capacity to hydrolyse carbapenems and are members of class D β-lactamases that are primarily detected in <em>Enterobacterales</em>. The allelic variant <em>bla</em>_OXA-163, which has low hydrolytic activity towards carbapenems, was detected in Argentina in 2011 and has spread successfully since then, giving sporadic origin to novel local variants. The aim of this study was to analyse the phenotypic profile and dissemination strategies of two novel OXA enzymes, <em>bla</em>_OXA-438 and <em>bla</em>_OXA-567, located in <em>Escherichia coli</em> M17224 and <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> M21014, respectively, isolated from two paediatric patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Minimum inhibitory concentration measurements were performed to determine the phenotypic profile of the clinical isolates, transconjugants and transformant cells. Biparental conjugation, PCR, Sanger and whole-genome sequencing were performed to determine the complete genetic characteristics of the plasmids.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both isolates were found to be resistant to carbapenems and susceptible to ceftriaxone. <em>bla</em>_OXA-438 was located on a 69-kb IncN₂ plasmid, while <em>bla</em>_OXA-567 was found on a 175-Kb IncC₂ plasmid, both transferable by biparental conjugation. The close genetic environment of the <em>bla</em>_OXA genes suggests a common origin likely involving mobile genetic elements. Finally, the clinical case of M21014 revealed that the patient had previous infections with two genetically related <em>K. pneumoniae</em> ST6838 that carried <em>bla</em>_OXA-163 on an IncC₂ plasmid with equal size and genetic hallmarks to that of M21014, providing strong evidence for the intra-patient emergence of <em>bla</em>_OXA-567.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This research underscores the need for ongoing surveillance and integral studies to understand the emergence, biochemistry and dissemination capacity of OXA enzymes with the overarching aim to halt their spread.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":"41 ","pages":"Pages 88-95"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142895324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of molecular markers of chloroquine resistance in malaria parasites in East Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Wagaw Abebe ,&nbsp;Amare Mekuanint ,&nbsp;Zelalem Asmare ,&nbsp;Dagmawi Woldesenbet ,&nbsp;Yenesew Mihret ,&nbsp;Abebaw Setegn ,&nbsp;Tadele Emagneneh","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.12.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.12.019","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Malaria is a serious global public health problem, which is caused by genus &lt;em&gt;Plasmodium&lt;/em&gt;. Resistance of the human malaria parasite to antimalarial drugs is a public health concern in malaria endemic countries. Chloroquine is resistant for both &lt;em&gt;P. vivax&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;P. falciparum&lt;/em&gt;. Chloroquine resistance is understood throughout all of Africa's &lt;em&gt;P. falciparum&lt;/em&gt; endemic regions. Molecular markers play a crucial role in tracking and understanding the prevalence of antimalarial drug resistance. Currently, there is inadequate information on the prevalence of molecular markers of chloroquine resistance in malaria parasites.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objective&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of molecular markers of chloroquine resistance in malaria parasites in East Africa.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Systematic search was performed to retrieve articles from PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and the Google Scholar search engine. Twenty potential studies that provided important data on markers of chloroquine resistance in malaria parasites were systematically reviewed and analyzed. Five antimalarial drug resistance markers of chloroquine resistance were extracted separately into Microsoft Excel and analyzed using STATA 17.0. The Inverse of variance (I&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) was done to evaluate heterogeneity across studies. The funnel plot and the Egger's test were used to determine the existence or absence of publication bias. A trim-and-fill meta-analysis was carried out to generate a bias-adjusted effect estimate. A random effect model was used to determine the pooled prevalence of molecular markers associated with chloroquine resistance in malaria parasites. Subgroup analysis was performed based on country and year of publication.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;A total of 20 studies were included for this systematic review and meta-analysis. The molecular markers like K76T, 76T, N86Y, Y184F, and 86Y were selected for meta-analysis. From this meta-analysis, the pooled prevalence of K76T, 76T, N86Y, Y184F, and 86Y was 34.5%, 47.3%, 43.8%, 58.3%, and 29.2%, respectively. After adjusting for publication bias, the estimated pooled prevalence of K76T, 76T, N86Y, Y184F, and 86Y were 34.5%, 47.3%, 43.8%, 58.3%, and 29.2%, respectively. Meta-analysis showed a significant difference in all molecular marker prevalence like K76T and 86Y among studies on year of publication except 76T, N86Y, and Y184F. In addition, the meta-analysis showed a significant difference in all molecular marker prevalence like K76T, 76T, N86Y, Y184F, and 86Y among studies at the country level.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis concerning the molecular markers of chloroquine resistance of malaria parasites in East Africa revealed a significant prevalence of antimalarial drug resistance markers of chloroquine. As a result","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":"41 ","pages":"Pages 117-137"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142895325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}