Journal of global antimicrobial resistance最新文献

{"title":"Epidemiology and Resistance Profiles of Bacteria Isolated from Blood Samples in Septic Patients at Emergency Department Admission: A 6-year Single Center Retrospective Analysis from Northern Italy.","authors":"Valeria Cento, Sara Carloni, Riccardo Sarti, Linda Bussini, Zian Asif, Paola Morelli, Francesco De Fazio, Federica Maria Tordato, Maddalena Casana, Debora Mondatore, Antonio Desai, Elena Generali, Nicola Pugliese, Elena Costantini, Massimo Vanoni, Maurizio Cecconi, Stefano Aliberti, Giorgio Da Rin, Erminia Casari, Michele Bartoletti, Antonio Voza","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.12.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgar.2024.12.023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the microbiological and clinical heterogeneity of community-onset bloodstream infections (BSIs) and identify features to support targeted empirical antibiotic therapy in the Emergency Department (ED).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Clinical and microbiological data from 992 BSI cases (1,135 isolates) diagnosed within 24 hours of ED admission at IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy (January 2015-June 2022), were analyzed. Drug resistance was interpreted using EUCAST-2023. Clinical features included age, sex, comorbidities (e.g., cancer, diabetes), infection source, presence of central venous catheters (CVC), ongoing therapies, and sepsis severity. Microbiological data included pathogen identification and antimicrobial susceptibility.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Antibiotic-susceptible Escherichia coli (29.5%) was the most common isolate, including extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains (11.3%), followed by methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA, 8.4%). BSIs due to E. coli were more frequent in patients >60 years (43.9% vs. 27.3%, p<0.001) and associated with ESBL production (OR=2.202, p=0.031) and urosepsis (OR=1.688, p=0.006). Younger patients (≤60 years) had more S. aureus-associated BSIs (22.4% vs. 10.8%, p<0.001) and methicillin resistance (7.9% vs. 3.6%, p=0.021). Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales were rare (2.1%-2.8%), predominantly involving Klebsiella pneumoniae. Onco-hematological patients had a lower multidrug-resistance prevalence (9.5% vs. 21.1%, p<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Community-onset BSIs demonstrated substantial prevalence of resistant pathogens, including ESBL and MRSA, emphasizing the need for robust surveillance systems. Age is a critical factor in guiding empirical antibiotic therapy in the ED.</p>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142978815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of I491F and V170F rpoB Mutations Associated with Misdiagnosis of Rifampicin Resistance Among Patients with Drug-susceptible Tuberculosis Treatment Failure, Myanmar, 2022.","authors":"Phyu Win Ei, Mi Mi Htwe, Myat Htut Nyunt, Aye Su Mon, Zaw Myint, Wint Wint Nyunt, Su Mon Win, Sandar Aung, Wai Myat Thwe, Wah Wah Aung","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.12.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgar.2024.12.026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Detecting rifampicin resistance is crucial in selecting tuberculosis (TB) treatment. Recently, several studies reported that I491F and V170F rpoB mutations, previously designated as borderline rifampicin-resistance mutations, were found with a varying prevalence. Sputum specimens from first-line tuberculosis treatment failed patients attending Tuberculosis Centers in Yangon Region during 2022 were cultured in solid media. Phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (pDST) was conducted using Mycobacterial Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT) method. Whole genome or Deeplex targeted next-generation sequencing was performed using Illumina Miseq. Mutation analysis was done by PhyResSE and SAM-TB online platforms. A total of 32 culture-positive isolates with DNA qualified for genome sequencing were included in the study. Those were diagnosed as rifampicin-susceptible by routine GeneXpert and line probe assays. Rifampicin resistance conferring mutations were found in 17/32 (53.1%) M. tuberculosis isolates; 14 (43.7%) had mutations outside the RRDR (I491F and V170F), two (6.3%) were S450L, mutation within RRDR, and one isolate (3.1%) with interim resistance mutations S428T and S441A. This study highlighted the presence of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis strains missed by current diagnostic strategies, and are circulating as treatment-failed patients. This demonstrates a gap in current WHO-endorsed algorithms for capturing all MDR-TB strains.</p>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142965555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to \"Simultaneous post-neurosurgical ventriculitis and bacteraemia by two different strains of KPC-producing K. pneumoniae successfully treated with meropenem/vaborbactam and high dose of Fosfomycin\" [Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance 37 (2024) 86-90].","authors":"Lorenzo Volpicelli, Sara Cairoli, Dania Al Ismail, Floriana Baisi, Federica Sacco, Bianca Maria Goffredo, Mario Venditti, Alessandra Oliva","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.12.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgar.2024.12.009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":"41 ","pages":"20"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142950044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"No genetic link between E. coli isolates carrying mcr-1 in bovines and humans in France.","authors":"Marisa Haenni, Pierre Châtre, Racha Beyrouthy, Antoine Drapeau, Pauline François, Jean-Yves Madec, Richard Bonnet","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.12.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgar.2024.12.021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Colistin is a last-line antibiotic used to treat severe human infections caused by carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria. In parallel, colistin has massively been used in the veterinary field so that mcr-1-positive E. coli have spread worldwide in livestock, potentially constituting a reservoir of colistin-resistant isolates that can be further transmitted to humans.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>In France, the mcr-1 gene was frequently identified in E. coli of bovine origin. This genomic study assessed whether French human mcr-1-positive E. coli might originate or derive from the bovine reservoir.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Human (n=24) and bovine (n=127) isolates collected between 2011-2019 were included and colistin-resistance was confirmed by MICs. The detection of mcr-1 was performed by PCR. Isolates were short-read whole-genome sequenced and a cgMLST-based phylogeny was constructed. The genetic support of mcr-1 was identified using short-read sequences or Southern blots.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mcr-1 gene was carried by a high diversity of genetic backgrounds, among which ST167 and ST10 were the most widespread. No clonally-related isolates between bovines and humans were observed. In bovines, mcr-1 was identified on IncHI2 and IncX4 plasmids and increasingly on the chromosome, while it was also found on IncI2 and p0111 plasmids in humans.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although similar STs (ST744 and ST88) and plasmid types (IncHI2, IncX4) carried mcr-1, no hypothesis of a transfer from bovines to humans could be supported by the data. Furthermore, the increasing chromosomal location of mcr-1 over time may reflect an animal-specific evolutionary pathway deserving further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142931927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-existence of two bla_NDM-5 and bla_OXA-181 on distinct plasmids in a carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae from a tertiary hospital, Tanzania.","authors":"Lawrence Mapunda, Anthon Mwingwa, Doreen Kamori, Happiness Kumburu, Marco van Zwetselaar, Bjorn Blomberg, Joel Manyahi","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.12.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgar.2024.12.011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To understand the mechanisms of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) from Tanzania and characterize the genomes carrying the carbapenemase genes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Clinical CRKP isolates were selected from ongoing antimicrobial-resistant surveillance at Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Whole-genome sequencing was performed utilizing Illumina and Nanopore platforms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of twelve CRKP were analyzed in this study. Six different multilocus sequence types were detected, six isolates were sequence type ST437 and one belonged to a novel sequence type, ST6258. Resistance to carbapenems was multifactorial with co-existence of bla_NDM-5 and bla_OXA-181 in six CRKP, and bla_NDM-5 and bla_OXA-232 in one isolate, and chromosomal mutation of ompK36 and ompK37 in all twelve isolates. All the CRKP carried genes conferring resistance to 3rd generation cephalosporins, penicillin, aminoglycosides, fosfomycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and quinolones. The hybrid assemblies of 001BS and 002PS2 revealed that they harbored seven and six different plasmids, respectively. The 001BS carried two bla_NDM-5 on distinct plasmids. The first bla_NDM-5 gene was carried on an IncFIB(K) plasmid; and the second bla_NDM-5 co-existed with bla_OXA-181 on the ColPK3-IncX3 plasmid. In contrast, in 002PS2 the bla_NDM-5 and bla_OXA-181 were carried on the IncFIB(K)-IncFII(K) and ColPK3-IncX3 plasmids, respectively. The genetic environment of the bla_NDM-5 gene on both plasmids was flanked by the same genetic core IS26-IS30-bla_NDM-5 -ble-trpF-DsbD-ISCR1-sul1- QacE-IS3000.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Clonally related CRKP ST437 with multiple co-existing carbapenemase genes were detected for the first time at the tertiary hospital in Tanzania. The existence of this high-risk clone poses a great risk for further spread at our facility.</p>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142927319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clonal dissemination of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcaceae between Algerian sheep farms.","authors":"Chahrazed Belhout, Javier E Fernandez, Patrick Butaye, Vincent Perreten","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.12.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgar.2024.12.017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Sheep farming represents an important economic sector in Algeria, and the potential dissemination of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcaceae (MRS) is a critical veterinary and public health concern. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and types of MRS in ovine in Algeria and characterize them using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two hundred sheep from twenty different Algerian farms across three regions were screened for nasal colonization with MRS. The isolates were identified by MALDI-TOF MS, their minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by broth microdilution, and the presence of mec gene was confirmed with PCR. The mec-positive isolates were sequenced using Illumina technology to build species specific cgMLST- and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)-based phylogenies and perform an in-silico screening for antimicrobial resistance genes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of MRS-positive farms was 85% (95% CI, 69.34%-100%) across the sampled farms. Ten distinct Staphylococcaceae species were identified, with Staphylococcus saprophyticus (n=29), Mammaliicoccus lentus (n=24), and Staphylococcus haemolyticus (n=19) being the predominant species. WGS-based phylogeny and SNP analysis (0 to 126 SNPs) revealed that isolates of these three species were highly related, indicating clonal dissemination within and between farms. MRS exhibited a multi-drug resistance pattern, with detection of resistance genes for β-lactams, tetracyclines, fusidic acid, trimethoprim, aminoglycosides, tiamulin and macrolides.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Specific clonal lineages of methicillin-resistant S. saprophyticus, S. haemolyticus, and M. lentus are widespread in Algerian sheep farms. Enhancing hygiene practices on farms is recommended to prevent further dissemination of these resistant strains to animals and humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142914897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and characterization of Acinetobacter phage vAbaIN10 active against carbapenem Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) isolates from healthcare-associated infections in Dakar, Senegal.","authors":"Issa Ndiaye, Laurent Debarbieux, Ousmane Sow, Bissoume Sambe Ba, Moussa Moise Diagne, Abdoulaye Cissé, Cheikh Fall, Yakhya Dieye, Ndongo Dia, Guillaume Constantin de Magny, Abdoulaye Seck","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.12.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgar.2024.12.024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acinetobacter baumannii, particularly carbapenem-resistant strains (CRAB), poses a major concern in the fight against antimicrobial resistance (AMR), identified as a top-priority pathogen by the World Health Organization (WHO). A. baumannii has intrinsic resistance to several antibiotics, including penicillin, cephalosporins, chloramphenicol, and fosfomycin, but the development of AMR has led to the emergence of extremely drug-resistant and pan-resistant isolates. Treatment of CRAB infections often relies on polymyxins, tigecycline, aminoglycosides, and their combinations. However, co-resistance to these antibiotics is increasingly reported worldwide. Phage therapy is now being reconsidered as a promising approach to treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant A. baumannii, particularly those posing therapeutic challenges. This study aimed to isolate and characterize phages active against CRAB strains isolated from HAIs in Dakar, Senegal METHODS: A lytic phage, Acinetobacter vAbaIN10, was isolated from wastewater collected at the Aristide Le Dantec Hospital in Dakar, Senegal. Isolation, host range, efficiency of plating (EOP), temperature and pH stability, lysis kinetics, one-step growth test, sequencing, and genomic analysis were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Phage vAbaIN10 belongs to the class Caudoviricetes and the genus Friunavirus. Its genome is 40,279 bp in size. Phage vAbaIN10 is stable across a wide pH range (3 to 9) and temperature range (25°C to 60°C). The phage's lytic activity was evaluated at different multiplicities of infection (MOI): MOI 10, 1, and 10⁻¹. All MOIs significantly reduced the growth of host bacteria. The one-step growth curve showed that vAbaIN10 had a latency period of 25 minutes and a burst size of approximately 4.78 × 10³ phages per infected bacterial cell. No tRNA, mtRNA, CRISPR, virulence factors, or antibiotic resistance genes were found in the genome.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The biological and genomic characteristics of vAbaIN10 meet the requirements for its potential use in phage therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142914917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of high doses of intravenous fosfomycin for treatment of urinary tract infection caused by KPC carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. An observational study.","authors":"Jorge Rodríguez-Gómez, Irene Gracia-Ahufinger I, Rosario Carmona-Flores, Julia Guzmán-Puche, Rafael León, Elena Pérez-Nadales, Monserrat Muñoz de la Rosa, Alejandra Mendez Natera, Juan José Castón, Ángela Cano, Juan Jesús Pineda-Capitán, Cristina López, Carmen De la Fuente-Martos, Julián De la Torre-Cisneros, Luis Martínez-Martínez","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.12.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgar.2024.12.013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the efficacy of high-dose intravenous fosfomycin for the treatment of urinary tract infections (UTI) caused by KPC carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPC-Kp). A secondary objective was to evaluate the impact of the results of fosfomycin susceptibility testing on prognosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is an observational and retrospective study. Patients hospitalized with UTI caused by KPC-Kp receiving treatment with high-dose intravenous fosfomycin were evaluated from December 2012 to June 2018. The primary outcome variable was clinical cure at day 21.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-seven patients were included. The results of commercial microdilution panels showed that KPC-Kp isolates from 14 (29.8%) and 33 (70.2%) patients were non-susceptible and susceptible to fosfomycin, respectively. In 28 available isolates, susceptibility was also determined by the reference agar dilution method. In the global cohort, clinical cure was achieved at day 21 for 33 (70.2%) out of the 47 patients, with no statistical differences found between fosfomycin non-susceptible isolates and fosfomycin susceptible isolates as determined by commercial microdilution (78.6 vs. 66.7%; P = 0.50) or by the reference agar dilution (83.3 vs. 72.7%; P = 1). In the logistic regression analysis, the Pitt index was the only variable related to clinical cure at 21 days. No statistically significant differences were found for the variables associated with fosfomycin susceptibility testing or fosfomycin MIC.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>high-dose intravenous fosfomycin can be considered for treatment of hospitalized patients with KPC-Kp UTI in some scenarios. In vitro fosfomycin susceptibility testing for multiresistant KPC-Kp may be of limited clinical value.</p>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142907110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential drug interaction after withdrawal of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 infection.","authors":"Yun Han, Yonglan Gou, Jieqiong Liu, Lingyan Yu, Yuhua Zhao, Zhenwei Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.12.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgar.2024.12.014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nirmatrelvir-ritonavir is effective in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. It can cause drug‒drug interactions (DDIs), even several days after withdrawal, due to irreversible inhibition of the cytochrome enzyme.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Hospitalized patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection and treated with nirmatrelvir-ritonavir were retrospectively included according to preset criteria. Personal information, as well as drug use, were obtained from the hospital information system. Potential DDIs were screened and classified according to three databases (FDA fact sheet, University of Liverpool Drug Interactions resources and Lexicomp).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 332 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 infection who received nirmatrelvir-ritonavir treatment were included in this study. The prevalence of potential DDI risk after withdrawal of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir in hospitalized patients was 57.2%. Most patients resumed potentially interacting medications on the first day of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir withdrawal, and those drugs with DDI risk at the avoidance level mainly included dexamethasone and rivaroxaban, whereas drugs at the caution level mainly included lidocaine.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of potential DDI risk after withdrawal of nirmatlevir-ritonavir was high and should be given more attention.</p>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142903268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Next-generation sequencing and drug resistance mutations of HIV-1 subtypes in people living with HIV in Sicily, Italy, 2021-2023.","authors":"Luca Pipitò, Marcello Trizzino, Chiara Mascarella, Sara Cannella, Roberta Gaudiano, Irene Ganci, Gaetano D'Alessandro, Benedetta Romanin, Maria Mercedes Santoro, Giovanni M Giammanco, Antonio Cascio, Celestino Bonura","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.12.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgar.2024.12.015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>HIV-1 infection continues to be a significant public health concern, notwithstanding the expanded utilization of antiretroviral treatment (ART), due to the emergence of drug resistance. The prevalence of transmitted drug resistance remains uncertain, particularly concerning integrase inhibitors. This study aimed to assess the extent of HIV resistance in both ART-naïve and experienced individuals living with HIV (PLHIV) at the University Hospital in Palermo, Italy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Genotyping and mutation analysis were performed on ART naïve and experienced PLHIV admitted from June 2021 to October 2023 by the NGS method. Mutations were detected by testing different NGS frequency cut-offs: ≥5%, ≥10%, and ≥20%. Demographic, clinical, virological, and immunological data were retrospectively collected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the PLHIV, 85 (70%) were ART-naïve, while 36 (30%) were ART-experienced with virological failure. The main HIV-1 subtype was B (54%), which was significantly associated with Italy-born (p < 0.001) and experienced PLHIV (p = 0.024). In the remaining cases, A1 (6%), C (3%), F1 (7%), G (2%), and Circulating Recombinant Forms (28%) were reported. At least one mutation for a drug class was detected in 39.7%, 45.4%, and 53.7% of cases at HIV-1 NGS thresholds of 20%, 10%, and 5%, respectively. Drug resistance was found in 18.2%, 25.6%, and 33.0%, by NGS cut-off of 20%, 10%, and 5 % respectively. The lowering of NGS cut-offs mainly increased the rates of integrase strand transfer inhibitor resistance. For overall resistance, no difference was observed between B and non-B subtypes for any NGS cut-offs.</p>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142903263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}