Journal of global antimicrobial resistance最新文献

{"title":"Potential drug interaction after withdrawal of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 infection","authors":"Yun Han ,&nbsp;Yonglan Gou ,&nbsp;Jieqiong Liu ,&nbsp;Lingyan Yu ,&nbsp;Yuhua Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhenwei Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.12.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.12.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Nirmatrelvir-ritonavir is effective in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. It can cause drug‒drug interactions (DDIs), even several days after withdrawal, due to irreversible inhibition of the cytochrome enzyme.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Hospitalized patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection and treated with nirmatrelvir-ritonavir were retrospectively included according to preset criteria. Personal information, as well as drug use, were obtained from the hospital information system. Potential DDIs were screened and classified according to three databases (FDA fact sheet, University of Liverpool Drug Interactions resources and Lexicomp).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 332 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 infection who received nirmatrelvir-ritonavir treatment were included in this study. The prevalence of potential DDI risk after withdrawal of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir in hospitalized patients was 57.2 %. Most patients resumed potentially interacting medications on the first day of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir withdrawal, and those drugs with DDI risk at the avoidance level mainly included dexamethasone and rivaroxaban, whereas drugs at the caution level mainly included lidocaine.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The prevalence of potential DDI risk after withdrawal of nirmatlevir-ritonavir was high and should be given more attention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":"42 ","pages":"Pages 151-153"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142903268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Next-generation sequencing and drug resistance mutations of HIV-1 subtypes in people living with HIV in Sicily, Italy, 2021–2023","authors":"Luca Pipitò ,&nbsp;Marcello Trizzino ,&nbsp;Chiara Mascarella ,&nbsp;Sara Cannella ,&nbsp;Roberta Gaudiano ,&nbsp;Irene Ganci ,&nbsp;Gaetano D'Alessandro ,&nbsp;Benedetta Romanin ,&nbsp;Maria Mercedes Santoro ,&nbsp;Giovanni M. Giammanco ,&nbsp;Antonio Cascio ,&nbsp;Celestino Bonura","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.12.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.12.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>HIV-1 infection continues to be a significant public health concern, notwithstanding the expanded utilization of antiretroviral treatment (ART), due to the emergence of drug resistance. The prevalence of transmitted drug resistance remains uncertain, particularly concerning integrase inhibitors. This study aimed to assess the extent of HIV resistance in both ART-naïve and experienced individuals living with HIV (PLHIV) at the University Hospital in Palermo, Italy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Genotyping and mutation analysis were performed on ART naïve and experienced PLHIV admitted from June 2021 to October 2023 by the NGS method. Mutations were detected by testing different NGS frequency cut-offs: ≥5 %, ≥10 %, and ≥20 %. Demographic, clinical, virological, and immunological data were retrospectively collected.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the PLHIV, 85 (70 %) were ART-naïve, while 36 (30 %) were ART-experienced with virological failure. The main HIV-1 subtype was B (54 %), which was significantly associated with Italy-born (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) and experienced PLHIV (<em>P</em> = 0.024). In the remaining cases, A1 (6 %), C (3 %), F1 (7 %), G (2 %), and Circulating Recombinant Forms (28 %) were reported. At least one mutation for a drug class was detected in 39.7 %, 45.4 %, and 53.7 % of cases at HIV-1 NGS thresholds of 20 %, 10 %, and 5 %, respectively. Drug resistance was found in 18.2 %, 25.6 %, and 33.0 %, by NGS cut-off of 20 %, 10 %, and 5 % respectively. The lowering of NGS cut-offs mainly increased the rates of integrase strand transfer inhibitor resistance. For overall resistance, no difference was observed between B and non-B subtypes for any NGS cut-offs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":"41 ","pages":"Pages 68-76"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142903263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel allelic variants of blaOXA-48-like carried on IncN2 and IncC2 plasmids isolated from clinical cases in Argentina: In vivo emergence of blaOXA-567","authors":"Juan Manuel de Mendieta ,&nbsp;Denise De Belder ,&nbsp;Nathalie Tijet ,&nbsp;Barbara Ghiglione ,&nbsp;Roberto G. Melano ,&nbsp;Melina Rapoport ,&nbsp;Pablo Power ,&nbsp;Adriana Di Bella ,&nbsp;Estefanía Biondi ,&nbsp;Fernando Pasterán ,&nbsp;Alejandra Corso ,&nbsp;Sonia A. Gomez","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.12.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.12.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The OXA-48-like enzymes have the capacity to hydrolyse carbapenems and are members of class D β-lactamases that are primarily detected in <em>Enterobacterales</em>. The allelic variant <em>bla</em>_OXA-163, which has low hydrolytic activity towards carbapenems, was detected in Argentina in 2011 and has spread successfully since then, giving sporadic origin to novel local variants. The aim of this study was to analyse the phenotypic profile and dissemination strategies of two novel OXA enzymes, <em>bla</em>_OXA-438 and <em>bla</em>_OXA-567, located in <em>Escherichia coli</em> M17224 and <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> M21014, respectively, isolated from two paediatric patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Minimum inhibitory concentration measurements were performed to determine the phenotypic profile of the clinical isolates, transconjugants and transformant cells. Biparental conjugation, PCR, Sanger and whole-genome sequencing were performed to determine the complete genetic characteristics of the plasmids.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both isolates were found to be resistant to carbapenems and susceptible to ceftriaxone. <em>bla</em>_OXA-438 was located on a 69-kb IncN₂ plasmid, while <em>bla</em>_OXA-567 was found on a 175-Kb IncC₂ plasmid, both transferable by biparental conjugation. The close genetic environment of the <em>bla</em>_OXA genes suggests a common origin likely involving mobile genetic elements. Finally, the clinical case of M21014 revealed that the patient had previous infections with two genetically related <em>K. pneumoniae</em> ST6838 that carried <em>bla</em>_OXA-163 on an IncC₂ plasmid with equal size and genetic hallmarks to that of M21014, providing strong evidence for the intra-patient emergence of <em>bla</em>_OXA-567.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This research underscores the need for ongoing surveillance and integral studies to understand the emergence, biochemistry and dissemination capacity of OXA enzymes with the overarching aim to halt their spread.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":"41 ","pages":"Pages 88-95"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142895324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of molecular markers of chloroquine resistance in malaria parasites in East Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Wagaw Abebe ,&nbsp;Amare Mekuanint ,&nbsp;Zelalem Asmare ,&nbsp;Dagmawi Woldesenbet ,&nbsp;Yenesew Mihret ,&nbsp;Abebaw Setegn ,&nbsp;Tadele Emagneneh","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.12.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.12.019","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Malaria is a serious global public health problem, which is caused by genus &lt;em&gt;Plasmodium&lt;/em&gt;. Resistance of the human malaria parasite to antimalarial drugs is a public health concern in malaria endemic countries. Chloroquine is resistant for both &lt;em&gt;P. vivax&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;P. falciparum&lt;/em&gt;. Chloroquine resistance is understood throughout all of Africa's &lt;em&gt;P. falciparum&lt;/em&gt; endemic regions. Molecular markers play a crucial role in tracking and understanding the prevalence of antimalarial drug resistance. Currently, there is inadequate information on the prevalence of molecular markers of chloroquine resistance in malaria parasites.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objective&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of molecular markers of chloroquine resistance in malaria parasites in East Africa.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Systematic search was performed to retrieve articles from PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and the Google Scholar search engine. Twenty potential studies that provided important data on markers of chloroquine resistance in malaria parasites were systematically reviewed and analyzed. Five antimalarial drug resistance markers of chloroquine resistance were extracted separately into Microsoft Excel and analyzed using STATA 17.0. The Inverse of variance (I&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) was done to evaluate heterogeneity across studies. The funnel plot and the Egger's test were used to determine the existence or absence of publication bias. A trim-and-fill meta-analysis was carried out to generate a bias-adjusted effect estimate. A random effect model was used to determine the pooled prevalence of molecular markers associated with chloroquine resistance in malaria parasites. Subgroup analysis was performed based on country and year of publication.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;A total of 20 studies were included for this systematic review and meta-analysis. The molecular markers like K76T, 76T, N86Y, Y184F, and 86Y were selected for meta-analysis. From this meta-analysis, the pooled prevalence of K76T, 76T, N86Y, Y184F, and 86Y was 34.5%, 47.3%, 43.8%, 58.3%, and 29.2%, respectively. After adjusting for publication bias, the estimated pooled prevalence of K76T, 76T, N86Y, Y184F, and 86Y were 34.5%, 47.3%, 43.8%, 58.3%, and 29.2%, respectively. Meta-analysis showed a significant difference in all molecular marker prevalence like K76T and 86Y among studies on year of publication except 76T, N86Y, and Y184F. In addition, the meta-analysis showed a significant difference in all molecular marker prevalence like K76T, 76T, N86Y, Y184F, and 86Y among studies at the country level.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis concerning the molecular markers of chloroquine resistance of malaria parasites in East Africa revealed a significant prevalence of antimalarial drug resistance markers of chloroquine. As a result","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":"41 ","pages":"Pages 117-137"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142895325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intestinal colonisation of vancomycin-resistant enterococci among patients with cancer at Jimma University Medical Center, Ethiopia: A comparative cross-sectional study","authors":"Amanuel Teferi ,&nbsp;Rahel Tamrat ,&nbsp;Diriba Fufa ,&nbsp;Kasahun Gorems ,&nbsp;Tadele Akeba Diriba ,&nbsp;Mulualem Tadesse","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.12.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.12.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) pose a major threat in hospital settings. Patients with cancer are at a higher risk of hospital-acquired infections such as VRE. This study aimed to determine the intestinal colonisation rate of VRE in patients with cancer at Jimma University Medical Center, southwest Ethiopia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted prospectively from April to September 2021 at Jimma University Medical Center on 113 patients with cancer. An equal number of apparently healthy individuals were included for comparison. Stool samples were collected from both patients with cancer and apparently healthy individuals, then cultured on bile esculin azide agar. Vancomycin resistance was determined by minimum inhibitory concentration and disk diffusion method, whereas antibiotic susceptibility to other antibiotics was performed by disk diffusion method. Data were entered into Epidata v. 4.6.0.6 and analysed by SPSS v. 26.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The overall colonisation rate of <em>Enterococcus</em> species was 76.9% (87/113) in patients with cancer and 80.5% (91/113) in apparently healthy individuals, with no statistically significant difference. However, the intestinal colonisation rate of VRE was higher in patients with cancer (12.6%; 11/87) compared with apparently healthy individuals (4.4%, 4/91). VRE isolates showed the highest resistance to tetracycline (66.7%) and the lowest resistance to chloramphenicol (13.3%). Multidrug resistance was observed in more than half (66.7%; 10/15) of the VRE isolates.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The intestinal colonisation rate by VRE was higher in patients with cancer compared with healthy individuals. Regular screening for VRE colonisation, along with improved infection-prevention practices, are vital to reduce the risk of VRE infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":"41 ","pages":"Pages 144-150"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143158162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular characterization of methicillin-susceptible/resistant Staphylococcus aureus from bloodstream infections in northern Japan: The dominance of CC1-MRSA-IV, the emergence of human-associated ST398 and livestock-associated CC20 and CC97 MSSA","authors":"Meiji Soe Aung ,&nbsp;Masako Osada ,&nbsp;Noriko Urushibara ,&nbsp;Mitsuyo Kawaguchiya ,&nbsp;Nobuhide Ohashi ,&nbsp;Mina Hirose ,&nbsp;Masahiko Ito ,&nbsp;Kazuki Yamada ,&nbsp;Kousuke Tada ,&nbsp;Nobumichi Kobayashi","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.12.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.12.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div><em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (<em>S. aureus</em>) is a major cause of bloodstream infections. The recent epidemiological features and antimicrobial resistance trend were analysed for methicillin-resistant and susceptible <em>S. aureus</em> (MRSA/MSSA) isolates from blood samples in people from northern Japan.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The <em>S. aureus</em> isolates from blood culture were screened by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) and genotyped by the schemes of multilocus sequence typing (MLST), <em>coa, agr, spa</em>, and SCC<em>mec</em> types. Antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence factors were detected by multiplex/uniplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Antimicrobial susceptibility was examined using a broth microdilution test.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 301 isolates (163 MRSA and 138 MSSA) were isolated from bloodstream infections in 2023 (from April to December). The MRSA isolates were classified into three groups, that is, clonal complexes (CC)1-SCC<em>mec-</em>IV (CC1-IV) (52%), CC5-II (36%), and CC8-IV (12%). The prevalence of CC1 was significantly higher than those in our previous studies (2017–2021). Four CC8-IVa isolates with PVL genes on ΦSa2usa were considered to be the USA300 clone (sequence type [ST]8/<em>spa</em>-t008/<em>coa</em> IIIa/<em>agr</em> I) or its variants that were genotyped as those closely related to ST8/t008 or lacking arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME). In contrast, MSSA was genetically highly divergent and classified into 22 STs, with CC1 (ST1 and ST188) being the most common (25%). It was notable that 29 MSSA isolates (21%) were classified into livestock-associated (LA) genotypes, ST20, ST97, and CC398 (ST398 and ST291). Genetic characterization of the CC398 isolates suggested that these belong to human-adapted MSSA clones.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The present study revealed the increasing trend of CC1 MRSA surpassing CC5, and the emergence of MSSA representing human-adapted CC398, and LA types ST97 and ST20 from bloodstream infections in people in Japan. © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":"41 ","pages":"Pages 77-87"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142895312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and genomic characterization of Klebsiella pneumoniae infections in Dhaka, Bangladesh","authors":"Zannat Kawser ,&nbsp;Sushmita Sridhar ,&nbsp;Sanchita Kar ,&nbsp;Tanbir Habib ,&nbsp;Sharmin Akter Mukta ,&nbsp;Kasrina Azad ,&nbsp;Neyamul Hasan ,&nbsp;Umme Kulsum ,&nbsp;Abu Bakar Siddik ,&nbsp;Saikt Rahman ,&nbsp;Nusrat Noor Tanni ,&nbsp;Maherun Nesa ,&nbsp;Ashlee M. Earl ,&nbsp;Colin J. Worby ,&nbsp;Sarah E. Turbett ,&nbsp;SM Shamsuzzaman ,&nbsp;Jason B Harris ,&nbsp;Firdausi Qadri ,&nbsp;Regina C LaRocque","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.12.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.12.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> (Kpn), a WHO priority pathogen with high rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), has emerged as a leading cause of hospital acquired pneumonia and neonatal sepsis.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>We aimed to define the clinical characteristics of a cohort of patients with Kpn infection in Dhaka, Bangladesh and to perform phenotypic and genetic characterization of the associated isolates.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We retrospectively extracted clinical data about patients at Dhaka Medical College Hospital from whom <em>Klebsiella spp</em> was isolated from a clinical specimen collected between February and September 2022. We used standard microbiologic techniques to evaluate AMR and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to assess dominant lineages, common capsular (K) and O-polysaccharide (O) antigen types, and AMR and virulence genes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Ninety-eight patients were included, with diagnoses of pneumonia (38/98, 39 %), wound infection (29/98, 31 %), urinary tract infection (29/98, 31 %) and bacteremia (2/98, 2 %). We tested isolates for susceptibility to eight classes of antibiotics. Of the 98 isolates, 41 % were multidrug resistant (MDR), 15 % were extensively drug resistant (XDR), and 16 % were pan-drug resistant (PDR). Three isolates (3 %) were resistant to polymyxin B. Outcome data were available for 46 patients; 4 patients (8 %) died from infections caused by PDR (<em>n</em> = 2), XDR (<em>n</em> = 1), and MDR isolates (<em>n</em> = 1). WGS revealed a high degree of genomic diversity, with multiple sequence types (STs), O-types and K-types represented; ST16:K81:OL101 and ST43:K30:O1 were the most prevalent.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our findings suggest alarming levels of AMR among Kpn isolates in Bangladesh and a critical need for improved treatment modalities and vaccine development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":"41 ","pages":"Pages 52-58"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142895227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends of Mycoplasma genitalium infections in Berlin, Germany, 2017–2023","authors":"Roger Dumke ,&nbsp;Tobias Glaunsinger","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.12.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.12.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The cell wall-less species <em>Mycoplasma genitalium</em> is a sexually transmitted pathogen with a strong tendency to acquire resistance. Current knowledge on trends of resistance rates and differences between the at-risk population of men who have sex with men (MSM) and heterosexual patients, as well as on circulating genotypes in both groups, is limited.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Between August 2017 and December 2023, <em>M. genitalium</em> strains in 373 samples from patients (MSM: n = 269, non-MSM: n = 104) consulting at a specialized sexually transmitted infection practice in Berlin, Germany, were characterized by molecular methods to detect the presence of mutations associated with macrolide (23S rRNA) and quinolone resistance (parC), and to determine the <em>MgpB</em> strain type.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall, 37.5% of MSM and 30.8% of heterosexual patients carrying <em>M. genitalium</em> were asymptomatic. Among MSM, the rate of macrolide resistance remained relatively constant during the investigation period (mean: 85.9% of strains), whereas quinolone resistance (mean: 19.7%% of strains) increased from 6.8% (2017) to approximately 38% (2021–2023). In contrast, mean resistance rates of 42.2% for macrolides and 12.5% for quinolones were measured in strains from heterosexual patients. The most common <em>MgpB</em> strain types were types 4 (MSM: 38.4%) and 7 (non-MSM: 16.7%).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The results of this study confirm a constantly high rate of macrolide-resistant <em>M. genitalium</em> strains and a trend of increased quinolone resistance among MSM in an urban environment. Despite lower rates, the percentage of resistant strains in heterosexual patients has also reached an alarming extent. The determination of <em>MgpB</em> strain types provides insights into the distribution of genotypes of an important agent of sexually transmitted infections in both population groups.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":"41 ","pages":"Pages 29-34"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142895326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of novel FosX family determinants from diverse environmental samples","authors":"Nicolas Kieffer ,&nbsp;Maria-Elisabeth Böhm ,&nbsp;Fanny Berglund ,&nbsp;Nachiket P. Marathe ,&nbsp;Michael R. Gillings ,&nbsp;D. G. Joakim Larsson","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.12.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.12.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to identify novel fosfomycin resistance genes across diverse environmental samples, ranging in levels of anthropogenic pollution. We focused on fosfomycin resistance, and given its increasing clinical importance, explored the prevalence of these genes within different environmental contexts.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Metagenomic DNA was extracted from wastewater and sediment samples collected from sites in India, Sweden, and Antarctica. Class 1 integron gene cassette libraries were prepared, and resistant clones were selected on fosfomycin-supplemented media. Long-read sequencing was performed followed by bioinformatics analysis to identify novel fosfomycin resistance genes. The genes were cloned and functionally characterized in E. coli, and the impact of phosphonoformate on the enzymes was assessed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Four novel fosfomycin resistance genes were identified. Phylogenetic analysis placed these genes within the FosX family, a group of metalloenzymes that hydrolyse fosfomycin without thiol conjugation. The genes were subsequently renamed fosE2, fosI2, fosI3, and fosP. Functional assays confirmed that these genes conferred resistance to fosfomycin in E. coli, with MIC ranging from 32 μg/ml to 256 μg/ml. Unlike FosA/B enzymes, these FosX-like proteins were resistant to phosphonoformate inhibitory action. A fosI3 homolog was identified in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, highlighting potential clinical relevance.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study expands the understanding of fosfomycin resistance by identifying new FosX family members across diverse environments. The lack of phosphonoformate inhibition underscores the clinical importance of these poorly studied enzymes, which warrant further investigation, particularly in pathogenic contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":"41 ","pages":"Pages 8-14"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142895311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular identification and antimicrobial resistance profiling of pathogenic E. coli isolates from smallholder livestock households in Central Ethiopia","authors":"Wagaw Sendeku Chekole ,&nbsp;Tesfaye Sisay Tessema ,&nbsp;Susanna Sternberg-Lewerin ,&nbsp;Ulf Magnusson ,&nbsp;Haileeyesus Adamu","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.12.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.12.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Escherichia coli</em> of different pathotypes are frequently involved in morbidity and mortality in animals and humans. The study aimed to identify <em>E. coli</em> pathotypes and determine antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles in Ethiopian smallholder livestock households. The pathotyping included 198 <em>E. coli</em> isolates identified from human and environmental samples collected from 98 households. AMR profiling was conducted on selected <em>E. coli</em> pathotypes from 89 households, along with known isolates from calf samples obtained from the same households. Morphological and biochemical tests were used to identify presumptive <em>E. coli</em> isolates. DNA was extracted and then singleplex PCR was used to amplify virulence genes. A disc diffusion test was applied for AMR profilings in <em>E. coli</em> pathotypes. Data were evaluated using chi-square tests and logistic regression. Calf (79.8 %) and human (73.7 %) samples were more likely to contain pathotypes (OR 3.2; 95 % CI: 1.7, 5.9; <em>p</em> <em>=</em> <em>0.001</em> and OR 2.3; 95 % CI: 1.2, 4.1; <em>p</em> <em>=</em> <em>0.008</em>, respectively) than the environmental samples (55.6 %). ETEC (32.3 %) and STEC (15.2 %) were the most common pathotypes detected in the study samples. Out of the 176 isolates selected for AMR profiling, 85 % were resistant to at least one drug and 36 % were multi-drug resistant (MDR). The MDR isolates were found in 44 households, with 11 sharing identical pathotypes and resistance profiles among the different samples. Thus, <em>E. coli</em> strains were likely circulated among humans, animals, and the environment. This in turn calls for a One-health approach to improve antimicrobial usage standards and promote proper waste disposal practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":"41 ","pages":"Pages 59-67"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142895313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}