Journal of global antimicrobial resistance最新文献

{"title":"Comparative Effectiveness of Antimicrobial Regimens for Urinary Tract Infections in India: A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis of Randomized Controlled Trials.","authors":"Saibal Das, Mihir Bhatta, Sarnendu Mondal, Mounamukhar Bhattacharjee, Agniva Majumdar, Manoj Kalita, Joydeep Majumder, Sovonlal Mukherjee, Eshita Mondal, Sreyashi Sen, Payal Singh, Muskan Hossain, Manaswini Mondal, Anushka Ghosh, Writama Guha, Shukla Mandal, Asim Saha, Hitesh Tiwari, Indranil Saha, Vikas Dhikav, Prabudh Goel","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2026.09.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgar.2026.09.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the comparative effectiveness and safety of antimicrobial regimens in urinary tract infections (UTIs) tested in randomized controlled trials conducted in India and to determine whether any clinically coherent quantitative synthesis was justified.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane CENTRAL were searched for randomized controlled trials published from January 2010 to June 2025 that evaluated antimicrobial regimens or treatment durations for symptomatic UTIs in India. Two reviewers independently screened records, assessed full texts, extracted study characteristics and outcome-specific denominators, and linked overlapping publications from the same trial. Risk of bias was assessed, and certainty was evaluated using GRADE (PROSPERO: CRD42025635146).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seven unique randomized trials enrolled or randomized 956 participants. Four trials evaluated different oral regimens for uncomplicated lower UTI, two evaluated ceftriaxone-sulbactam-disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (CSE) in complicated UTI or acute pyelonephritis against different comparators, and one compared 7 versus 14 days of effective non-fluoroquinolone therapy in selected hospitalized adults with acute pyelonephritis. One observational study was excluded, and two publications from the same CSE-1034 versus ceftriaxone trial were linked to avoid duplicate counting. No exact treatment comparison was replicated across independent trials. Risk of bias was high in three trials and raised some concerns in four. Certainty was low or very low for all comparison-specific conclusions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The Indian evidence base is sparse and clinically heterogeneous. It neither establishes overall superiority of one antimicrobial nor demonstrates equivalence among regimens. Broader recommendations require larger trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149061476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of drug resistance differences and molecular transmission characteristics between animal-derived diarrheagenic and non-diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in China (2011–2021)","authors":"Yu Chen,&nbsp;Fangqin Liu,&nbsp;Qi Zhao,&nbsp;Zitong Xu,&nbsp;Min Cheng,&nbsp;Yuhui Bai,&nbsp;Yicheng Mao,&nbsp;Hejia Wang,&nbsp;Ting Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2026.08.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2026.08.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Based on surveillance data from Chinese livestock and poultry farms between 2011 and 2021, we analysed the antimicrobial resistance and transmission characteristics of diarrheagenic <em>Escherichia coli</em> (DEC) and non-diarrheagenic strains.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Phenotypic antibiotic resistance testing, antibiotic resistance gene screening, plasmid typing, and multilocus sequence typing were performed using 1114 identified isolates, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed to assess genetic relationships.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>DEC accounted for 2.7% of all strains, with enterotoxin-producing <em>E. coli</em> being the predominant subtype. DEC strains exhibited significantly higher rates of antimicrobial resistance phenotypes, resistance genes, and plasmid carriage than non-DEC strains (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), primarily attributable to the host source. Pig-derived DEC strains exhibited significantly higher resistance rates to apramycin, tobramycin, kanamycin, and colistin, as compared with non-DEC strains (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), as well as increased carriage rates of <em>mcr-1.1, bla</em>_OXA−1, and <em>aac(3)-IVa</em> and a higher prevalence of IncI and IncHI2. Multilocus sequence typing analysis indicated that DEC strains predominantly comprised ST10 and ST29. The phylogenetic tree revealed that strains clustered according to pathogenicity types; the enterotoxin-producing <em>E. coli</em> branch carried <em>bla</em>_CTX−M-55, consistent with the ceftiofur-resistant phenotype, which was primarily localized to IncF family fusion plasmids.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>DEC showed a low prevalence in healthy farmed animals, with the host source having a greater impact on the transmission of antibiotic resistance than the pathogenic type itself. The present findings provide a scientific basis for the rational use of antibiotics and monitoring of antibiotic resistance risks in the Livestock Farming industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":"50 ","pages":"Pages 499-511"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148760254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence and antimicrobial stewardship: From clinical decision support to public health action-On behalf of APUA","authors":"Abdul Ghafur,&nbsp;Miki Nagao,&nbsp;Souha S. Kanj,&nbsp;Salam Abbara,&nbsp;Pierre Tattevin,&nbsp;Mariette Awad,&nbsp;Maya Dagher,&nbsp;Linus K. Ndegwa,&nbsp;Gathai Mundia,&nbsp;Jeroen Schouten,&nbsp;Huong T.L. Vu,&nbsp;Gabriel Levy Hara,&nbsp;Maneesh Paul Satyaseela,&nbsp;Mamoon A. Aldeyab,&nbsp;Raksha K. Bhat,&nbsp;Nitin Bansal,&nbsp;Heiman F.L. Wertheim","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2026.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2026.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Antimicrobial resistance continues to threaten the effectiveness of modern medicine and poses major public health challenges worldwide. Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programmes are essential to mitigate inappropriate antimicrobial use but are often resource-intensive and difficult to sustain. Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have generated interest in its potential to support stewardship activities across clinical, operational, and public health domains.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To critically review the current and emerging roles of AI in AMS and to examine its opportunities, limitations, and implications for clinical practice, public health, and health systems globally.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a narrative review of the literature on AI applications relevant to AMS, including diagnostic support, antimicrobial prescribing, behavioural and implementation science, infection prevention, surveillance, One Health approaches, drug discovery, and governance. Particular attention was paid to ethical considerations, human oversight, and applicability in low- and middle-income country settings.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>AI has demonstrated potential to enhance diagnostic precision, support clinical decision-making, optimise antimicrobial use, strengthen surveillance systems, and inform targeted stewardship interventions. However, challenges related to data quality, bias, interpretability, workflow integration, ethical governance, and equity remain significant. AI systems developed in high-income settings may not be directly transferable to low- and middle-income countries without careful adaptation and local validation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>AI should be viewed as a decision-support tool that augments, rather than replaces, AMS expertise. When implemented responsibly within robust governance frameworks and aligned with AMS principles, AI can contribute meaningfully to improved antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance control. Sustained human leadership, equity-focused deployment, and health system strengthening remain essential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":"50 ","pages":"Pages 451-459"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148684659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carriage of ESBL-producing Enterobacterales in urban and rural Hooded Crows in Hungary","authors":"Isma Benmazouz,&nbsp;László Kövér,&nbsp;Levente Laczkó,&nbsp;Péter Gyüre,&nbsp;Gábor Kardos","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2026.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2026.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Considering the increasing reports of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in wildlife, highlighting its complexity, importance, and spread. We investigated the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales in the hooded crow.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Faecal samples were collected from 52 rural and 212 urban wild crows in Hungary, caught using ladder traps, and tested for ESBL presence.</div><div>Bacterial species were identified using MALDI-TOF. Antibiotic susceptibility was tested using the disc diffusion method, and ESBL producers were detected based on double-disc synergy. ESBL-encoding genes were identified using PCR, and WGS was performed on isolated ESBL-producing <em>E. coli</em> (197/221 isolated ESBLs).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Four of the sampled rural Hooded Crows and 130 urban ones (7.7% vs. 61%, chi-square <em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001) yielded ESBL producers with the overwhelming dominance of <em>E. coli</em>. The <em>bla</em>_CTX−M-1 group was predominant in both groups. In addition to CTX-M genes, genes encoding resistance to other antibiotic classes, such as <em>APHs, sul</em> genes, <em>tet</em> genes, etc., various virulence factors, and several incompatible plasmids were also detected. Most isolates belonged to the B1 and A phylogenetic groups. Overall, 22 sequence types (STs) and 33 distinct cgSTs were defined. The most prevalent ST was ST58, followed by ST10, S38, ST155, ST442, and more.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The much higher carrier frequency among urban crows points to the role of anthropogenic sources in the emergence of ESBL producers. Hooded Crows, due to their increasing presence in cities and proximity to humans, likely facilitate the dissemination of ESBL producers between the environment and humans.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":"50 ","pages":"Pages 512-521"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148706740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transferable IncX3-blaKPC-2 plasmid and chromosomal blaCTX−M-27 in a commensal Escherichia coli ST7854 isolated from a healthy companion dog","authors":"Jae Young Oh,&nbsp;Su Min Kwak,&nbsp;Lan Hee Kim,&nbsp;Sungpyo Kim,&nbsp;Sungwoo Bae","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2026.08.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2026.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales have disseminated globally, largely via highly transmissible plasmids. Their emergence in companion animals is of particular concern, indicating that clinically important carbapenem-resistance determinants have spread beyond healthcare settings. This study characterized a multidrug-resistant <em>Escherichia coli</em> isolate from a healthy dog in South Korea.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by standardized reference methods. Hybrid whole-genome assembly resolved chromosomal and plasmid architectures, and plasmid transferability was assessed by conjugation assays. Comparative genomic analysis based on nucleotide identity and alignment coverage evaluated relatedness to publicly available <em>bla</em>_KPC-carrying IncX3 plasmids.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The <em>E. coli</em> ST7854 isolate was resistant to carbapenems (imipenem MIC = 8 µg/mL), third-generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, tetracycline, gentamicin, phenicols, and trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole, but susceptible to amikacin and colistin. Assembly resolved a 4.77 Mb circular chromosome and seven plasmids. The ESBL gene <em>bla</em>_CTX−M-27 was chromosomally integrated, whereas carbapenem resistance was conferred by <em>bla</em>_KPC-2 on a 54,805 bp IncX3 plasmid. This IncX3-<em>bla</em>_KPC-2 plasmid was transferred to <em>E. coli</em> J53 at a frequency of 5.91 × 10⁻⁴, whereas the large IncFIB multidrug resistance plasmid was not co-transferred. Comparative analysis revealed extensive structural similarity with Korean clinical IncX3 plasmids, whereas most representative international plasmids shared only the conserved IncX3 backbone.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>A commensal <em>E. coli</em> ST7854 isolate from a healthy companion dog carried a conjugative IncX3-<em>bla</em>_KPC-2 plasmid and chromosomally integrated <em>bla</em>_CTX−M-27. Similarity to Korean clinical plasmids suggests potential human–animal dissemination, and this asymptomatic carriage of mobile carbapenem-resistance determinants supports continued genomic surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in companion animals within a One Health framework.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":"50 ","pages":"Pages 522-527"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148701276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reviving minocycline for CRAB: Breakpoint revision to inform combination therapy.","authors":"Vishnukumar Ramesh, Boomiga Rathakrishnan, Yamuna Devi Bakthavatchalam, Balaji Veeraraghavan","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2026.07.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2026.07.012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":" ","pages":"293-294"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148562302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discontinuation of prophylactic antimicrobial use in calves restores susceptibility in bovine respiratory pathogens","authors":"Shingo Okamura,&nbsp;Akira Fukuda,&nbsp;Masaru Usui","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2026.07.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2026.07.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Antimicrobial resistance in pathogens causing bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is promoted by the prophylactic use of antimicrobials in calves. However, the impact of discontinuing their use under field conditions remains unclear. This study evaluated changes in antimicrobial susceptibility of <em>Mannheimia haemolytica</em> and <em>Pasteurella multocida</em> following cessation of prophylactic oxytetracycline and tilmicosin on a contract-rearing farm for Holstein heifer calves in Japan.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Oxytetracycline was administered via milk replacer at 20 mg/kg/d to calves aged 6–60 d of age and discontinued in April 2022, whereas prophylactic tilmicosin (10 mg/kg, single subcutaneous injection at arrival) was discontinued in May 2023. From November 2021 to November 2023, 850 nasal and ear swab samples were collected from 583 calves with suspected BRD, yielding 492 <em>M. haemolytica</em> and 215 <em>P. multocida</em> isolates. These isolates underwent antimicrobial susceptibility testing and screening for oxytetracycline resistance genes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Over 1 y post-oxytetracycline withdrawal, minimum inhibitory concentration distributions for oxytetracycline indicated a significant shift towards susceptibility in both species; resistance to oxytetracycline declined from 9.2% to 0% in <em>M. haemolytica</em> and from 75.0% to 5.6% in <em>P. multocida</em>. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of florfenicol and macrolides (tilmicosin and tulathromycin) decreased with time. Most tetracycline-resistant isolates carried <em>tet(H)</em>. After oxytetracycline discontinuation, the BRD incidence increased, and average daily gain decreased; however, both improved following the introduction of an inactivated trivalent BRD vaccine.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Discontinuing long-term prophylactic antimicrobial administration can restore antimicrobial susceptibility in BRD pathogens and aid in preserving therapeutic antimicrobial effectiveness when implemented alongside vaccination strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":"50 ","pages":"Pages 420-428"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148701301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid NP test for detection of aztreonam-avibactam resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa","authors":"Qingxia Fu,&nbsp;Jingchun Kong,&nbsp;Shiyi Shi,&nbsp;Panjie Hu,&nbsp;Weiliang Zeng,&nbsp;Qing Wu,&nbsp;Tieli Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2026.08.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2026.08.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To develop and evaluate a rapid phenotypic method for detecting aztreonam-avibactam (AZA) resistance-associated phenotypes in <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Test isolates were incubated in medium containing fixed concentrations of AZA (aztreonam 20 µg/mL and avibactam 4 µg/mL). Resazurin was used as a redox indicator to monitor bacterial metabolic activity, with colour change from blue to purple/pink indicating growth. The assay was evaluated using 103 clinical <em>P. aeruginosa</em> isolates with different AZA MIC profiles, using broth microdilution as the reference method. Isolates were classified according to the EUCAST tentative ECOFF-based epidemiological framework. Interassay reproducibility was assessed using independent assay runs.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The rapid NP test showed 100% agreement with the tentative ECOFF-based wild-type/nonwild-type classification derived from the reference broth microdilution method across all 103 clinical isolates. Consistent wild-type/nonwild-type classifications were obtained across independent assay runs, supporting the interassay reproducibility of the method. The total turnaround time was 8 h.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This method is simple, rapid, and reliable, providing an intuitive approach for detecting AZA resistance-associated phenotypes in <em>P. aeruginosa</em>, with potential utility as a targeted screening approach in clinical microbiology laboratories.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":"50 ","pages":"Pages 429-434"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148725753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ISAC News and Updates","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2026.08.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2026.08.016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":"50 ","pages":"Pages 460-461"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148951821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling Ranalexin-1G activity against polymicrobial skin infections","authors":"Roberta Della Marca,&nbsp;Carla Zannella,&nbsp;Carla Capasso,&nbsp;Annalisa Chianese,&nbsp;Alessandra Monti,&nbsp;Nunzianna Doti,&nbsp;Anna De Filippis,&nbsp;Massimiliano Galdiero","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2026.07.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2026.07.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Skin and mucosal viral infections caused by Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2), often complicated by opportunistic bacteria such as <em>Staphylococcus epidermidis</em> (<em>S. epidermidis</em>), represent a significant clinical challenge. Increasing resistance to conventional antivirals and antibiotics underscores the urgent need for alternative therapies. Here, Ranalexin-1G, an amphibian-derived antimicrobial peptide from <em>Rana grylio</em>, was investigated for its antiviral and antibacterial properties.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Ranalexin-1G was evaluated for its antiviral activity by plaque reduction assay and qPCR. Antibacterial activity against <em>S. epidermidis</em> was assessed by measuring growth inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentration values for both reference and clinical strains. In addition, an in vitro coinfection model (HSV-1 + <em>S. epidermidis</em>) in HaCaT keratinocytes was used to examine the peptide dual functionality.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Ranalexin-1G exhibits a dual activity: It demonstrates potent antiviral effects against HSV-1, HSV-2, and an acyclovir-resistant HSV-1 strain, with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values ranging from 3 to 10 µM. Additionally, Ranalexin-1G shows strong antibacterial activity, achieving 90% inhibition of <em>S. epidermidis</em> growth, with minimum inhibitory concentration values of 3.125 and 6.25 µM for the reference and clinical strains, respectively. Consistent with these findings, in an in vitro coinfection model of HSV-1 and <em>S. epidermidis</em> in HaCaT cells, Ranalexin-1G significantly reduced bacterial invasion.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Overall, Ranalexin-1G emerges as a promising candidate for the treatment of polymicrobial skin infections, particularly those involving viral-bacterial coinfections, due to its balanced efficacy and low cytotoxicity profile.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":"50 ","pages":"Pages 470-478"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148689315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}