Journal of global antimicrobial resistance最新文献

{"title":"A combination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-derived sRNA and endogenous miRNA in circulation as novel auxiliary diagnostic markers for patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis","authors":"Xiang-Dong Wang ,&nbsp;Dongmei Niu ,&nbsp;Wei Lv ,&nbsp;Lei Wang ,&nbsp;Chen-Yu Zhang ,&nbsp;Chunni Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiaxi Song ,&nbsp;Xueling Hu ,&nbsp;Cheng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2025.12.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2025.12.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Circulating non-coding small RNAs (sRNAs) have recently emerged as promising biomarkers for <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> (Mtb). However, little is known about the expression patterns and combined diagnostic potential of <em>M. tuberculosis</em>-derived sRNA (TB-sRNA) and endogenous miRNA in the circulation of patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Illumina sequencing by synthesis technology and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to identify TB-sRNAs in serum and sputum from patients infected with drug-resistant TB, drug-sensitive TB (DS-TB), and controls. Simultaneously, four endogenous miRNAs – miR-29c, miR-132, miR-320b, and miR-548e – were chosen for further study. The diagnostic performance of significantly altered sRNAs and miRNAs was analysed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Illumina sequencing by synthesis combined with individual quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction verification successfully identified one TB-encoded sRNA, named TB-sRNA015, and endogenous miR-132 were significantly elevated in patients with MDR-TB compared to patients with DS-TB and controls (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). ROC analyses showed that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) for serum sRNA015 discriminating patients with MDR-TB from controls and patients with DS-TB were 0.774 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.653–0.895) and 0.692 (95% CI, 0.560–0.825), respectively. For serum miR-132, the AUCs were 0.841 (95% CI, 0.735–0.946) for MDR-TB vs. controls and 0.655 (95% CI, 0.518–0.793) for MDR-TB vs. DS-TB. Importantly, combining sRNA015 with miR-132 increased the AUC to 0.860 (95% CI, 0.760–0.960) for discriminating MDR-TB from controls.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The combination of serum sRNA015 and miR-132 may serve as an auxiliary diagnostic tool for MDR-TB infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 264-272"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145948922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and molecular epidemiology of optrA-positive Enterococcus in herders and yaks from high-altitude Tibet, China","authors":"Hanyu Wang ,&nbsp;Xinyue Han ,&nbsp;Aoxiao Chen ,&nbsp;Zelin Yan ,&nbsp;Rong Zhang ,&nbsp;Yang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2025.10.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2025.10.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in high-altitude environments remains understudied despite its growing global concern. This study investigates the molecular epidemiology of the <em>optrA</em> gene, which confers resistance to oxazolidinones and phenicols, in <em>Enterococcus</em> species isolated from herders and yak faecal samples in Nagqu, Tibet, China.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 161 faecal samples from herders and 42 from yaks were collected and analysed for the presence of <em>optrA</em>-positive <em>Enterococcus</em> strains. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was performed to determine resistance patterns. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and phylogenetic analysis were used to assess genetic relationships and the potential for clonal spread and horizontal gene transfer.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The <em>optrA</em> gene was detected in 6.2% (10/161) of human samples and 9.5% (4/42) of yak samples, indicating a higher prevalence in yaks. Resistance was highest for tetracycline (100%), erythromycin (92.9%), and linezolid (92.9%). Phylogenetic analysis revealed clonal dissemination, with some isolates exhibiting high genetic homology. Notably, one <em>E. faecalis</em> strain belonged to ST16, a sequence type commonly found in low-altitude cities, suggesting potential transmission between regions. The <em>optrA</em> gene was frequently associated with mobile genetic elements, indicating a risk of horizontal gene transfer and further dissemination of resistance.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The presence of <em>optrA</em>-positive <em>Enterococcus</em> in both human and animal populations in this high-altitude region underscores the role of human-animal interactions in AMR transmission. The increasing prevalence of resistant strains in yaks, coupled with genetic evidence of clonal expansion, highlights the need for a comprehensive One Health approach to AMR surveillance and mitigation in remote, high-altitude environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145370299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of DNA methyltransferases on bacterial fitness and genome stability in Escherichia coli","authors":"Jee Hong KIM ,&nbsp;Hyunkeun KIM ,&nbsp;Kwan Soo KO","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2025.12.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2025.12.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>DNA methylation, catalysed by DNA methyltransferases (MTases), plays a crucial role in bacterial physiology. In this study, we investigated the effects of the DNA MTases, DNA adenine methyltransferase (Dam) and DNA cytosine methyltransferase (Dcm), on bacterial fitness and mutation rates in <em>Escherichia coli.</em></div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We constructed an <em>E. coli</em> K-12 MG1655 strain lacking both the <em>dam</em> and <em>dcm</em> genes (Δ<em>dam</em>Δ<em>dcm</em>). The bacterial fitness was assessed using growth curves and competition assays. Antibiotic susceptibility and persister cell formation were also evaluated. Additionally, the spontaneous mutation rates and mutation types in response to rifampicin and colistin were analysed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The MTase-deficient mutant Δ<em>dam</em>Δ<em>dcm</em> exhibited significantly reduced growth rates and competitiveness compared to the wild-type (WT) strain. However, no significant differences in antibiotic resistance or persister cell formation rates were observed between the mutant and WT strains. Mutation frequencies in Δ<em>dam</em>Δ<em>dcm</em> were significantly higher than in the WT when exposed to both rifampicin and colistin. Furthermore, a higher ratio of transition mutations in the <em>rpoB</em> and <em>pmrAB</em> genes was observed in rifampicin-resistant and colistin-resistant colonies derived from Δ<em>dam</em>Δ<em>dcm</em>, respectively. DNA methylation influences bacterial growth and competitiveness, and the absence of MTases leads to increased spontaneous mutation rates under antibiotic pressure.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings suggest that DNA methylation plays a critical role in maintaining genomic stability and contributing to the development of antibiotic resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 203-208"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145781070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ceftolozane/tazobactam in action: Prescribing patterns, effectiveness, and healthcare utilisation across seven countries","authors":"Emre Yucel ,&nbsp;Alex Soriano ,&nbsp;David L. Paterson ,&nbsp;Florian Thalhalmmer ,&nbsp;Stefan Kluge ,&nbsp;Pierluigi Viale ,&nbsp;Mike Allen ,&nbsp;Brune Akrich ,&nbsp;Jessica Levy ,&nbsp;Huina Yang ,&nbsp;Sunny Kaul","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2025.10.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2025.10.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Infections by antimicrobial-resistant, Gram-negative bacteria present significant global challenge, resulting in difficult treatment scenarios and poor clinical outcomes. Although ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T) has been approved for the treatment of hospital-acquired HABP/VABP, cUTI, and cIAI, data on real-world use remains limited. This study presents real-world use of C/T across various countries.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The Study of Prescribing patterns and Effectiveness of Ceftolozane/Tazobactam: Real-world Analysis (SPECTRA) was a retrospective, observational study involving 617 adult inpatients across seven countries who were treated with C/T for at least 48 hours between 2016 and 2020. The primary objective was to describe real-world utilisation of C/T, focusing on sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, clinical outcomes, and resource utilisation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>617 patients from seven countries were included. Prevalence of at least one comorbidity ranged from 55.9% (Mexico) to 91.7% (Austria), with mean number of comorbidities from 1.0 (Mexico) to 2.7 (UK). Culture results from 72.7% patients identified MDR <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>, ranging from 55.9% (Italy) to 80.6% (Spain). Median hospital length of stay ranged from 23 (Mexico) to 53.5 (Austria) days. Clinical success rate for treating the index infection with C/T was 64.8%, with 51.1% of cases treated within the ICU.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This multi-national, retrospective, observational study demonstrates the real-world use and healthcare resource utilisation (HCRU) of C/T in patients with Gram-negative infections across seven countries. These findings provide valuable insights into prescribing patterns and resource implications of C/T treatment, underscoring the importance of real-world data to inform clinical practice and optimise antimicrobial therapy in diverse healthcare settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 14-21"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145623450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of HIV-1 drug resistance in newly diagnosed individuals in Italy over the period 2017–2023","authors":"A.C. Ka’e ,&nbsp;F. Bassani ,&nbsp;O. El Khalili ,&nbsp;A. Bezenchek ,&nbsp;F. Carli ,&nbsp;A. Pupo ,&nbsp;E. Gentilini Cacciola ,&nbsp;L. Pezzati ,&nbsp;L. Duca ,&nbsp;I. Vicenti ,&nbsp;W. Gennari ,&nbsp;F. Lombardi ,&nbsp;A. Shallvari ,&nbsp;F. Saladini ,&nbsp;V. Micheli ,&nbsp;A. Cozzi-Lepri ,&nbsp;A. Lai ,&nbsp;M.M. Santoro ,&nbsp;S. Rusconi ,&nbsp;the ARCA Study Group","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2025.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2025.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>We evaluated the prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistance in newly diagnosed individuals from 2017 to 2023, in Italy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Transmitted drug resistance (TDR) was evaluated by using the HIVdb algorithm (<span><span>https://hivdb.stanford.edu/</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>), through two different approaches: (1) by considering the complete list of mutations included for the genotypic susceptibility score and (2) by considering only major resistant mutations. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the association of TDR with the calendar year.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We analysed 1188 drug-naive individuals diagnosed in Italy between 2017 and 2023 enrolled in the Antiviral Response Cohort Analysis database. Most of them (∼75 %) were males; their median (IQR) age was 40 (30–50) years. Non-B subtypes were found in 43.9 % of participants and significantly increased over time (from 44.2 % in 2017 to 54.8 % in 2023, <em>P</em> = 0.008). TDR prevalence was 29 %, driven by non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance (19.4 %). Rates of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, protease inhibitors, and integrase strand transfer inhibitors resistance were 4.7 %, 4.4 %, and 5.1 %, respectively, with no significant temporal trends. When only major resistant mutations were considered, TDR prevalence was definitively lower (15.8 %), primarily driven by non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor mutations (11.8 %). Rates of resistance for major nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, protease inhibitors, and integrase strand transfer inhibitors were 4.6 %, 1.7 % and 0.7 %, respectively. Resistance to two or more drug classes was rare (1.9 %). No association of major TDR within the calendar year was found, except for 2023 (AOR: 2.33 [1.14–4.74], <em>P</em> = 0.019).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Over the period 2017–2023, the HIV-1 TDR appeared generally stable in Italy. However, the increased prevalence of major TDR in 2023 confirms the importance of continuous TDR surveillance in newly diagnosed individuals to inform clinical practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 38-45"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145504984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiplex PCR pneumonia panel compared to standard culture of respiratory specimens: Retrospective results from a transplant centre","authors":"Muhammad Sharjeel ,&nbsp;Memoona Irshad ,&nbsp;Azka Rizvi ,&nbsp;Altaf Ahmed ,&nbsp;Muhammad Jan Leghari","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2025.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2025.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Rapid identification of lower respiratory tract infection pathogens is critical for initiating early antimicrobial therapy. This study aimed at evaluating the role of multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) in detecting respiratory pathogens and antimicrobial resistance at a transplant centre.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study was a single-centre, retrospective analysis, completed at a tertiary care transplant centre. Data were included from 242 patients admitted with lower respiratory tract infection during a 24-month period. Respiratory specimens were analysed through BioFire PCR. Blood mPCR specimens were excluded (<em>n</em> = 44). Multiplex PCR results were compared with the gold standard of culture and sensitivity testing.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 198 patients were included in the study. The majority had a history of chronic hepatic or renal impairment (<em>n</em> = 95; 48%) or liver/kidney transplantation (<em>n</em> = 57; 28.8%). Chest imaging (<em>n</em> = 162) predominantly revealed pleural effusions (35.2%) and parenchymal infiltrates (28.4%). Most common sample types included sputum (<em>n</em> = 101; 51.0%) and tracheal aspirates (<em>n</em> = 93; 47.0%). Standard culture detected the following pathogens: 290 typical bacteria, 2 atypical organisms, and 95 viral detections. <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> (32.3%) and <em>Escherichia coli</em> (28.8%) were most frequently identified. In <em>n</em> = 102 patients with corresponding culture results, mPCR had sensitivity of 76% and specificity of 59%, with 66.7% concordance between methods. Multiplex PCR and culture identified multiple bacterial species in 38 (37.3%) and 17 (16.7%) cases, respectively. Antimicrobial resistance gene analysis revealed high prevalence of CTX-M (30%), NDM (28%), and OXA-48-like (22%) mutations.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Multiplex PCR pneumonia panel demonstrated high sensitivity in detecting respiratory pathogens but had limitations in its specificity when compared to culture methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 179-186"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145723937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deconstructing antimicrobial resistance national action plans: A gender-perspective driven mixed-methods analysis","authors":"Magdalena Gatsch ,&nbsp;Charlotte Aldridge ,&nbsp;Kasim Allel ,&nbsp;Hassanat Mojirola Lawal ,&nbsp;Esmita Charani ,&nbsp;Emma Pitchforth","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2026.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2026.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global health threat addressed through National Action Plans (NAPs) aligned with the WHO Global Action Plan. Despite evidence that women are disproportionately affected – receiving 27% more antibiotic prescriptions than men – gender considerations remain largely absent from AMR policies.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a mixed-methods analysis of 132 NAPs published before December 2023. A two-stage approach was used: quantitative keyword frequency analysis of 10 gender-related terms (e.g., sex, gender, women), followed by a qualitative thematic analysis of top-tier NAPs, defined as those scoring ≥3 gender-related terms on a 10-point frequency scale derived from the former quantitative analysis. We also examined the gender composition of NAP curators and assessed correlations between gender representation and keyword inclusion.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Only 14 NAPs (11%) mentioned the term ‘gender’. The most frequent gender-related term was ‘urinary tract infection’ (UTI), appearing in 33% of NAPs. High-scoring NAPs were predominantly from low-income countries (mean score 2.4, SD = 2.2), especially in Africa (mean 2.5, SD = 2.3), compared to upper-middle-income countries (mean 1.1, SD = 1.07) and the Pan-American region (mean 1.0, SD = 0.9). Women were underrepresented among NAP curators: 47 NAPs were led entirely by men, while only 14 were led by women. No significant correlation was found between women’s participation and gender keyword inclusion (β ≈ 0.11, <em>P</em> = 0.449).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Gender remains insufficiently integrated into AMR NAPs. The findings highlight the need for gender awareness policy development and the adoption of an intersectional framework to address overlapping social determinants that shape AMR vulnerability and response.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 273-282"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145948968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic insights into a multidrug-resistant uropathogenic Escherichia coli ST131-H30 strain associated with a fatal healthcare-associated infection","authors":"Samara Sant’Anna de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Camille Alves Brito de Moura ,&nbsp;Kaylanne Montenegro ,&nbsp;Thereza Cristina da Costa Vianna ,&nbsp;Ana Paula Alves do Nascimento ,&nbsp;Gerson Gatto de Azeredo Coutinho ,&nbsp;Hosana Dau Ferreira de Souza ,&nbsp;Claudia Gladys Flores Sejas ,&nbsp;Alexander Machado Cardoso ,&nbsp;Kayo Bianco ,&nbsp;Maysa Mandetta Clementino","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2025.12.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2025.12.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) poses a significant public health challenge due to increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and severe infections. This study aimed to investigate the genetic heterogeneity and AMR mechanisms of a clinical UPEC strain associated with a fatal healthcare-associated infection.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on a multidrug-resistant (MDR) UPEC strain isolated from a pediatric patient by using an Illumina Miseq platform. The genome was assembled using Unicycler v0.4.8 and was annotated using the NCBI Prokaryotic Genome Annotation Pipeline (PGAP). Genomic analysis included characterisation of the resistome, virulome, and phylogenetic profile using various bioinformatics tools such as ResFinder v4.7.2, VFDB, and PubMLST.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The isolate has a genome with a size of 4,681,240 bp, a GC content of 50.60% and harbour seven plasmids. Genomic analysis revealed multiple genetic determinants contributing to a multidrug-resistant profile, including efflux systems, enzymatic target alterations, and antibiotic transporter modifications. Adhesin genes (fimH, afaA-D, lpfA, fdeC, csgA), hemolysins (hlyE, hlyF), iron acquisition systems (iucC, iutA, sitA), and genes related to antimicrobial peptide degradation (ompT, traJ) and colicin production (cma, cvaC) were identified. Resistance to heavy metals (tellurium, copper/silver, arsenic) was also detected. These findings characterise the isolate as a highly virulent, multidrug-resistant, and environmentally resilient emerging UPEC clone.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study highlights the convergence of virulence, AMR, and environmental adaptability in an ST131-H30 UPEC strain. The findings underscore the critical need for comprehensive genomic surveillance, infection control strategies to mitigate the public health impact of MDR <em>E. coli.</em></div></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 175-178"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145774901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global prediction of antimicrobial resistance trends using statistical and machine learning models: Evaluating national action plan policy impacts through interrupted time series analysis","authors":"Linta Khalid ,&nbsp;Kashif Saleem ,&nbsp;Saima Mushtaq ,&nbsp;Iltaf Hussain ,&nbsp;Zamir Hussain ,&nbsp;Zainab Hussain ,&nbsp;Rehan Zafar Paracha ,&nbsp;Amjad Khan ,&nbsp;Jie Chang ,&nbsp;Yu Fang ,&nbsp;Imran Sajid","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2025.11.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2025.11.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a pressing global health challenge, particularly affecting low- and middle-income countries. This study aims to evaluate the spread of AMR both across time and across different regions of the world.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analysed clinical isolates from 65 countries. A country-specific time-series forecasting (i.e. seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA), long short-term memory (LSTM), and seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average-LSTM hybrid models) were performed for <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em> in Argentina (2004–2030) as a case study to demonstrate model applicability for national-level prediction. Moreover, interrupted time series regression was applied to predict antibiotic-resistance trends and assess the global impact of national action plans.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Southeast Asia and Africa exhibited the highest AMR burdens, with Indonesia (0.65), Egypt (0.52), and Malawi (0.49) having the highest resistance scores. An income-based gradient was observed across key pathogens, third-generation cephalosporin and carbapenem-resistant <em>Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae</em>, and <em>A. baumannii</em> were significantly more prevalent in low- and middle-income countries. Gender-wise analysis revealed significantly higher resistance rates in males across most antibiotics, especially levofloxacin. Age-stratified analyses revealed higher resistance in elderly populations, particularly to fluoroquinolones and β-lactams. Forecasting for <em>A. baumannii</em> in Argentina (2004–2030) indicated a continued upward resistance across β-lactam and fluoroquinolones, with LSTM achieving the lowest root mean square error across five antibiotics. The interrupted time series revealed a prenational action plan decline but no significant postimplementation change.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study provides a comprehensive data-driven framework to monitor and forecast AMR, evaluate policy interventions, and, hence, suggest targeted interventions and strategies for each income group and region, moving beyond the one-size-fits-all approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 214-226"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145800582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro activity of vancomycin and other commonly used Antibiotics against clinical isolates of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium: Data from the antimicrobial testing leadership and surveillance (ATLAS) program from 2019 to 2023","authors":"Yu Liu ,&nbsp;Xu Zheng ,&nbsp;Binwei Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2025.12.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2025.12.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Enterococci are significant hospital pathogens, posing a serious global public health threat. This study aimed to analyze the in vitro susceptibility of enterococcal isolates to eight commonly used antibiotics and to explore cross-resistance patterns in vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), including their heterogeneity across geographic regions, clinical wards, and infection sites.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Utilizing data from the Antimicrobial Testing Leadership and Surveillance (ATLAS) program (2019–2023), this study analyzed 18,043 enterococcal isolates (12,007 <em>Enterococcus faecalis</em> and 6,036 <em>Enterococcus faecium</em>) from 59 countries across six continents. We assessed in vitro susceptibility to eight common antibiotics and evaluated VRE cross-resistance patterns.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div><em>: E. faecalis</em> showed susceptibility rates greater than 95% to ampicillin, daptomycin, linezolid, teicoplanin, tigecycline, and vancomycin. In contrast, <em>E. faecium</em> exhibited susceptibility greater than 90% only for linezolid and tigecycline. The vancomycin resistance rate in <em>E. faecium</em> was 25.4%, significantly higher than in <em>E. faecalis</em> (1.22%), with notable multidrug cross-resistance. Geographically, North America displayed the highest vancomycin resistance rate in <em>E. faecium</em> (53.25%), while Asia showed the highest linezolid resistance rate in this species (2.9%). ICU and non-pediatric patients generally exhibited higher resistance rates, and genitourinary specimens showed slightly higher resistance than those from other sites.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Enterococcal resistance varies significantly across species, regions, and clinical environments. The extensive cross-resistance in VRE poses a major challenge to clinical treatment. Tigecycline and linezolid remain highly effective in vitro globally. To slow the spread of resistant strains, it is crucial to enhance resistance monitoring in high-risk regions and populations, while optimizing antibiotic usage strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 254-263"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145905990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}