Journal of global antimicrobial resistance最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence, serotype distribution, and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Sea Nomad children under 5 years of age in Wakatobi, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia: A cross-sectional study","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.08.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.08.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Indonesia commenced the nationwide introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) in 2022. Pre-vaccine <em>Streptococcus pneumoniae</em> data from across the country could be critical to enable vaccine impact evaluation in the future. This study evaluates colonization prevalence, factors associated with colonization, serotype distribution, and the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of <em>S. pneumoniae</em>.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Children under 5 years of age were enrolled from Bajau tribe settlements in Wakatobi, southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia, from October 2018 to February 2019. Nasopharyngeal swab specimens were analysed by culture, and isolates were serotyped using sequential multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Antibiotic susceptibility was performed by the disk diffusion method. Multivariable logistic regression was performed for risk factor analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 499 NP swab specimens were collected; 61.9% were colonized with <em>S. pneumoniae</em> and 48.9% of the isolates were of PCV13-vaccine type. The most common serotypes were 23F, 6B, 19F, and 6A at 13.2%, 9.8%, 8.9%, and 8.0%, respectively. Exposure to cigarette smoke in the household and runny nose were significant risk factors for colonization, with aORs of 1.6 (95% confidence interval: 1.1–2.3) and 2.1 (95% confidence interval: 1.4–3.3), respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The findings of this study may contribute to baseline pre-vaccine data in Indonesia that would be critical for the impact evaluation of vaccines.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213716524001590/pdfft?md5=552172328e24633060e92c6f27405d0c&pid=1-s2.0-S2213716524001590-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142093499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergence of the mobile colistin resistance gene mcr-1 in a Leclercia adecarboxylata strain isolated from wastewater in Seoul","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Colistin is considered the last resort for treating infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. However, the spread of the plasmid-borne colistin-resistance gene <em>mcr-1</em> has become a public health threat. In this study, we identified <em>mcr-1</em>-harboring <em>Leclercia adecarboxylata</em> strain (WWCOL-134) isolated from wastewater in Seoul. The strain had a colistin MIC value of 2 µg/ml and was resistant to cefotaxime, gentamicin, tetracycline, trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole. The <em>mcr-1</em> gene, along with an array of resistance genes, was located on a 236-kb plasmid (pCOL134-1), which contained the typical IncHI2 backbone of reported <em>mcr-1</em>-carrying plasmids, and was transferred to an <em>Escherichia coli</em> strain by conjugation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report the emergence of <em>mcr-1</em>-harboring <em>Leclercia</em> sp. isolate. Our findings demonstrate the ongoing spread of colistin resistance among Enterobacterales species, emphasizing the need for surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in wastewater environments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213716524001565/pdfft?md5=98329aa4dee120a1d560bf25a4abc935&pid=1-s2.0-S2213716524001565-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142036003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Cutibacterium acnes (formerly Propionibacterium acnes) isolates, a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.07.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.07.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study aimed to assess the overall antibiotic susceptibility of <em>Cutibacterium acnes</em> (<em>C. acnes</em>), a bacterium implicated in acne vulgaris, with a particular focus on clindamycin and fluoroquinolones, which are commonly used in inflammatory acne treatment.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A systematic search of Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science and EMBASE databases was conducted to identify relevant studies. Pooled prevalence estimates were calculated using a random-effects model, and additional analyses included quality assessment, evaluation of publication bias, meta-regression and subgroup analyses based on antimicrobial susceptibility methods and year of publication.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The analysis incorporated a total of 39 studies. The random-effects model revealed that the proportion of clindamycin-resistant isolates was 0.031 (95% CI: 0.014–0.071). Additionally, macrolides, including erythromycin (0.366; 95% CI: 0.302–0.434) and azithromycin (0.149; 95% CI: 0.061–0.322), exhibited distinct prevalence rates. Tetracyclines, including doxycycline (0.079; 95% CI: 0.014–0.071), tetracycline (0.062; 95% CI: 0.036–0.107) and minocycline (0.025; 95% CI: 0.012–0.051), displayed varying prevalence estimates. Fluoroquinolones, including ciprofloxacin (0.050; 95% CI: 0.017–0.140) and levofloxacin (0.061; 95% CI: 0.015–0.217), demonstrated unique prevalence rates. Additionally, the prevalence of the combination antibiotic trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (SXT) was estimated to be 0.087 (95% CI: 0.033–0.208).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The study findings highlight a concerning increase in antimicrobial-resistant <em>C. acnes</em> with the use of antibiotics in acne treatment. The strategic utilization of appropriate antimicrobials has emerged as a crucial measure to mitigate the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant skin bacteria in acne management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213716524001371/pdfft?md5=5cb88fba8c09574847b05ab2a08502d5&pid=1-s2.0-S2213716524001371-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142046752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Piperacillin-tazobactam vs. carbapenems for treating hospitalized patients with ESBL-producing Enterobacterales bloodstream infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>To meta-analyse the clinical efficacy of piperacillin-tazobactam vs. carbapenems for treating hospitalized patients affected by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing <em>Enterobacterales</em> bloodstream infections (BSIs).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Two authors independently searched PubMed-MEDLINE and Scopus database up to January 17, 2024, to retrieve randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or observational studies comparing piperacillin-tazobactam vs. carbapenems for the management of hospitalized patients with ESBL-BSIs. Data were independently extracted by the two authors, and the quality of included studies was independently assessed according to ROB 2.0 or ROBINS-I tools. Mortality rate was selected as primary outcome. Meta-analysis was performed by pooling odds ratios (ORs) retrieved from studies providing adjustment for confounders using a random-effects model with the inverse variance method.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>After screening 3,418 articles, 10 studies were meta-analysed (one RCT and nine retrospective observational studies; <em>N</em> = 1,962). Mortality rate did not significantly differ between treatment with piperacillin-tazobactam vs. carbapenems (<em>N</em> = 6; OR: 1.41; 95% CI: 0.96–2.07; <em>I²</em> = 23.6%). The findings were consistent also in subgroup analyses assessing patients receiving empirical therapy (<em>N</em> = 5; OR: 1.36; 95% CI: 0.99–1.85), or patients having in ≥50% of cases urinary/biliary tract as the primary BSI source (<em>N</em> = 2; OR: 1.26; 95% CI: 0.84–1.89). Conversely, the mortality rate was significantly higher with piperacillin-tazobactam only among patients having in &lt;50% of cases urinary/biliary tract as the primary source of BSI (<em>N</em> = 3; OR: 2.02; 95% CI: 1.00–4.07).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This meta-analysis showed that, after performing appropriate adjustments for confounders, mortality and clinical outcome in patients having ESBL-producing <em>Enterobacterales</em> BSIs did not significantly differ among those receiving piperacillin-tazobactam compared to those receiving carbapenems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213716524001541/pdfft?md5=fd450d86ac78baada6b4769dda3b2b3e&pid=1-s2.0-S2213716524001541-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142036004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Azithromycin-resistant mph(A)-positive Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi in the United States","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.08.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) conducts active surveillance for typhoid fever cases caused by <em>Salmonella enterica</em> serovar Typhi (Typhi). Here we describe the characteristics of the first two cases of <em>mph</em>(A)-positive azithromycin-resistant Typhi identified through US surveillance.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Isolates were submitted to public health laboratories, sequenced, and screened for antimicrobial resistance determinants and plasmids, as part of CDC PulseNet's routine genomic surveillance. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and long-read sequencing were also performed. Basic case information (age, sex, travel, outcome) was collected through routine questionnaires; additional epidemiological data was requested through follow-up patient interviews.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The patients are related and both reported travel to India (overlapping travel dates) before illness onset. Both Typhi genomes belong to the GenoTyphi lineage 4.3.1.1 and carry the azithromycin-resistance gene <em>mph</em>(A) on a PTU-FE (IncFIA/FIB/FII) plasmid. These strains differ genetically from <em>mph</em>(A)-positive Typhi genomes recently reported from Pakistan, suggesting independent emergence of azithromycin resistance in India.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Cases of typhoid fever caused by Typhi strains resistant to all available oral treatment options are cause for concern and support the need for vaccination of travellers to Typhi endemic regions. US genomic surveillance serves as an important global sentinel for detection of strains with known and emerging antimicrobial resistance profiles, including strains from areas where routine surveillance is not conducted.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213716524001553/pdfft?md5=41be77abc260d495c3dbbb45e4a0d587&pid=1-s2.0-S2213716524001553-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142036002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance evaluation of the Streck ARM-DⓇ Kit, β-Lactamase for molecular detection of acquired β-lactamase genes","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Despite clinical relevance, commercially available molecular tools for accurate β-lactamase detection are limited. In this study, we evaluated the performance of the ARM-D^Ⓡ Kit, β-Lactamase, a commercially available multiplex PCR assay designed to detect nine β-lactamase genes, including the five major plasmid-mediated carbapenemases, ESBL and AmpC genes circulating in the United States.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A diverse collection of 113 Gram-negative isolates, including 42 with multiple β-lactamases genes, was selected from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) &amp; Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Antimicrobial Resistance Isolate Bank, to represent the most frequently detected bacterial species carrying plasmid-mediated β-lactam resistance genes.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Results were compared with whole genome sequence data. Of 164 β-lactamase gene targets with 49 unique variants, all were detected correctly without any cross-reactivity. The sensitivity and specificity were 100% (164/164) and 99.9% (852/853), respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The ARM-D^Ⓡ Kit, β-Lactamase detected a wide range of β-lactamase genotypes at a low upfront cost. The Streck assay represents a suitable, comprehensive tool for the detection of key β-lactamase resistance genes of public health concern in the United States.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213716524001577/pdfft?md5=34d94f316abd76d94a0af6246db1a138&pid=1-s2.0-S2213716524001577-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142017732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phage therapy for bone and joint infections: A comprehensive exploration of challenges, dynamics, and therapeutic prospects","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.07.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.07.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Bone and joint infections (BJI) pose formidable challenges in orthopaedics due to antibiotic resistance and the complexities of biofilm, complicating treatment. This comprehensive exploration addresses the intricate challenges posed by BJI and highlights the significant role of phage therapy as a non-antibiotic strategy.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>BJI, which encompass prosthetic joint infections, osteomyelitis, and purulent arthritis, are exacerbated by biofilm formation on bone and implant surfaces, hindering treatment efficacy. Gram-negative bacterial infections, characterized by elevated antibiotic resistance, further contribute to the clinical challenge. Amidst this therapeutic challenge, phage therapy emerges as a potential strategy, showing unique characteristics such as strict host specificity and biofilm disruption capabilities.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The review unveils the dynamics of phages, including their origins, lifecycle outcomes, and genomic characteristics. Animal studies, in vitro investigations, and clinical research provide compelling evidence of the efficacy of phages in treating <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> infections, particularly in osteomyelitis cases. Phage lysins exhibit biofilm-disrupting capabilities, offering a meaningful method for addressing BJI. Recent statistical analyses reveal high clinical relief rates and a favourable safety profile for phage therapy.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Despite its promise, phage therapy encounters limitations, including a narrow host range and potential immunogenicity. The comprehensive analysis navigates these challenges and charts the future of phage therapy, emphasizing standardization, pharmacokinetics, and global collaboration. Anticipated strides in phage engineering and combination therapy hold promise for combating antibiotic-resistant BJI.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221371652400136X/pdfft?md5=0e50939f0a2be733bbd019cde63244ae&pid=1-s2.0-S221371652400136X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142017733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-omics analysis explores the impact of ofloxacin pressure on the metabolic state in Escherichia coli","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.07.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.07.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>The rising threat of antibiotic resistance poses a significant challenge to public health. The research on the new direction of resistance mechanisms is crucial for overcoming this hurdle. This study examines metabolic changes by comparing sensitive and experimentally induced ofloxacin-resistant <em>Escherichia coli</em> (<em>E. coli</em>) strains using multi-omics analyses, aiming to provide novel insights into bacterial resistance.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>An ofloxacin-resistant <em>E. coli</em> strain was selected by being exposed to high concentration of ofloxacin. Comparative analyses involving transcriptomics, proteomics, and acetylomics were conducted between the wild-type and the ofloxacin-resistant (<em>Re</em>-OFL) strains. Enrichment pathways of differentially expressed genes, proteins and acetylated proteins between the two strains were analysed using gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes method. In addition, the metabolic network of <em>E. coli</em> was mapped using integrated multi-omics analysis strategies.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We identified significant differences in 2775 mRNAs, 1062 proteins, and 1015 acetylated proteins between wild-type and <em>Re</em>-OFL strains. Integrated omics analyses revealed that the common alterations enriched in metabolic processes, particularly the glycolytic pathway. Further analyses demonstrated that 14 metabolic enzymes exhibited upregulated acetylation levels and downregulated transcription and protein levels. Moreover, seven of these metabolic enzymes (<em>fba, tpi, gapA, pykA, sdhA, fumA</em>, and <em>mdh</em>) were components related to the glycolytic pathway.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The changes of metabolic enzymes induced by antibiotics seem to be a key factor for <em>E. coli</em> to adapt to the pressure of antibiotics, which shed new light on understanding the adaptation mechanism when responding to ofloxacin pressure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213716524001516/pdfft?md5=bcc6276397401543bb8bc8729bdfe4fc&pid=1-s2.0-S2213716524001516-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142017731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of bacteriophage cocktail on urinary tract infection caused by colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in mice model","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.07.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.07.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The colistin-resistant <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> causes complicated urinary tract infections (UTIs). Of them, 73% of strains of <em>K. pneumoniae</em> formed moderate to strong biofilm. Multidrug-resistant (MDR)/Pandrug-resistant (PDR) bacteria causing UTIs are very challenging to conventional antibiotic therapy. However, bacteriophages may be a promising alternative as they easily disrupt the biofilm and act on receptors unrelated to antibiotic resistance mechanisms. This preclinical study evaluated the efficacy of a phage cocktail with different routes and dosages (in quantity and frequency) to eradicate the <em>K. pneumoniae</em>-associated UTI in the mice model.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The three lytic phages with the broadest spectrum activity (ΦKpnBHU1, ΦKpnBHU2 and ΦKpnBHU3) were meticulously characterized using SEM and sequencing. The cocktails were administered to mice through urethral, rectal, subcutaneous and oral routes after establishing the UTI with 1 × 10⁸ colony-forming unit/mouse (CFU/mouse) of <em>K. pneumoniae</em> (KpnBHU09) resistant to both the drugs carbapenem and colistin. The efficacy of different routes with varying dosages and frequency of administration was thoroughly optimized.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We observed that two doses of a phage cocktail containing 1 × 10⁵ Plaque-Forming Unit (PFU/mouse) and a single dose of 1 × 10⁹ PFU/mouse per urethra could eradicate KpnBHU09. Intriguingly, the non-invasive administration through oral and rectal routes required higher concentration and many dosages of phages to eliminate KpnBHU09 at any stage of acute UTI. The subcutaneous route was found unsatisfactory in curing the infection.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Bacteriophage cocktails administered through transurethral, oral and rectal routes may cure UTIs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213716524001504/pdfft?md5=927f35137921b64a4fe494ed8a160094&pid=1-s2.0-S2213716524001504-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142004387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"KSA-1, a naturally occurring Ambler class A extended spectrum β-lactamase from the enterobacterial species Kosakonia sacchari","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.07.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.07.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Several bacterial species belonging to the <em>Gammaproteobacteria</em> possess intrinsic class A β-lactamase genes that may represent a source of further dissemination and acquisition to other Gram-negative species. Here we characterised KSA-1 class A β-lactamase, the gene of which was identified within the chromosome of an environmental Enterobacterales species, namely <em>Kosakonia sacchari</em>, which was also recently identified as the progenitor of an MCR-like colistin-resistance determinant.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In silico analysis using the GenBank database identified a class A β-lactamase gene within the chromosome of <em>K. sacchari</em> SP1 (GenBank accession no. WP_017456759). The corresponding protein KSA-1 shared 63% amino acid identity with the intrinsic CKO-1 from <em>Citrobacter koseri</em> and 53% with TEM-1. Using the <em>K. sacchari</em> DSM 100203 reference strain as a template, <em>bla</em>_KSA-1 was amplified, cloned into the plasmid pUCp24 and expressed in <em>Escherchia coli</em> TOP10. Minimal inhibitory concentrations and kinetic parameters were obtained from the purified enzyme.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><em>K. sacchari</em> strain SP1 conferred resistance to amino-, carboxy- and ureido-penicillins only. Once produced within <em>E. coli</em>, KSA-1 showed a typical clavulanic acid-inhibited extended spectrum β-lactamase associated with a peculiar temocillin resistance profile. Kinetic assays were performed using a purified extract of KSA-1 and demonstrated a high hydrolysis rate for benzylpenicillin and piperacillin, as well as weakly extended spectrum cephalosporins. Determination of inhibitory constants showed 50% inhibitory concentration values of 2.2, 3 and 1.8 nM for clavulanic acid, tazobactam and avibactam, respectively. Analysis of sequences surrounding the <em>bla</em>_KSA-1 gene did not reveal any mobile element that could have been involved in the acquisition of this β-lactamase gene in that species.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>KSA-1 is a class A extended spectrum β-lactamase distantly related to known extended spectrum or broad-spectrum Ambler class A β-lactamases, which is highly resistant to temocillin. The <em>bla</em>_KSA-1 gene could be considered as intrinsic within the species.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213716524001413/pdfft?md5=392f7b968cc0284a79adaa986b33316d&pid=1-s2.0-S2213716524001413-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141988102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}