Abu Sayem Khan , Sunjida Afrin , Firoz Ahmed , Sabita Rezwana Rahman
{"title":"Shotgun metagenomic analysis reveals the emergence of plasmid-encoded mcr-5.1 gene in hospital wastewater in Bangladesh","authors":"Abu Sayem Khan , Sunjida Afrin , Firoz Ahmed , Sabita Rezwana Rahman","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.08.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.08.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Colistin is considered the last line therapy for treating multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections in humans. Therefore, the spread of colistin resistance poses a serious threat to human, and environmental health. Though Bangladesh is known as a hotspot of AMR, limited studies have been carried out regarding the status of colistin resistance. Information on the emerging bacterial resistance is inevitable for protecting public health. Nowadays, wastewater analysis has been prioritized for metagenomics-enabled AMR surveillance. Our study on the metagenomic analysis of untreated hospital effluents first detected the colistin resistance-conferring <em>mcr-5.1</em> gene in the hospital environment of Bangladesh. Phylogenetic tree and <em>in silico</em> AMR analysis confirmed the detection of this <em>mcr-5</em> variant, which is located in a plasmid contig. The plasmid was untypeable and belonged to the bacteria from the Enterobacteriaceae family. The <em>mcr-5.1</em> operon was embedded in a Tn3 transposon, suggesting the mobility of the gene. <em>Tnshfr1</em> transposon, chromate resistance protein ChrB, DNA invertase hin, and two MFS-type proteins were present in the genetic environment of <em>mcr-5.1</em>. Our findings provide evidence of the occurrence of <em>mcr-5.1</em> in a hospital environment in Bangladesh, which calls for immediate attention and effective measures to contain the dissemination of colistin resistance in the environment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":"39 ","pages":"Pages 22-26"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213716524001589/pdfft?md5=7fca164298a25475fe1646d3e994f5b2&pid=1-s2.0-S2213716524001589-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142093500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Myle Akshay Kiran , Saad Alghamdi , Sami Ashgar , Zain Alhindi , Nabeela Al-Abdullah , Anas S. Dablool
{"title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis on antimicrobial resistance and drug resistance in Saudi Arabia","authors":"Myle Akshay Kiran , Saad Alghamdi , Sami Ashgar , Zain Alhindi , Nabeela Al-Abdullah , Anas S. Dablool","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.07.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.07.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and drug resistance have emerged as major global health concerns, threatening the effectiveness of antimicrobial agents and compromising patient outcomes [21]. The rapid spread of resistant pathogens poses significant challenges to healthcare systems worldwide, leading to increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs [20].</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div></div></div><div><h3>Search Strategy</h3><div>To find pertinent studies released up until September 2023, a thorough search was done in electronic databases like PubMed, Embase, and Scopus. The search method combined terms linked to Saudi Arabia, drug resistance, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The specific search terms and Boolean operators used were tailored to the requirements and functionalities of each database.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The systematic review includes 25 papers in total, representing various Saudi Arabian healthcare environments and patient groups. The prevalence of AMR varied across different pathogens and antimicrobial agents. The most resistant Enterobacteriaceae were carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), extended-spectrum -lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL), and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The full manuscript will report the pooled prevalence rates and 95% CIs for each resistance type. The rates for such bacteria were 38.7%, 26.4%, and 15.2% respectively suggesting an imminent need for improvement in surveillance measures & interventions to reduce the burden of AMR (Antimicrobial Resistance).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The prevalence of antibiotic resistance (AMR) is alarmingly high in Saudi Arabia. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of AMR across different types of pathogens and antimicrobial agents. A meta-analysis was conducted to quantify the pooled prevalence of each type of resistance across hospitals, environments, and food samples from Saudi Arabian locations. The study identified three types of resistance: carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), extended-spectrum -lactamaseproducing Enterobacilli (ESBL), and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Furthermore, the study identified several risk factors associated with AMR, including prior antibiotic use, healthcare-associated infections, and prolonged hospital stays.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":"39 ","pages":"Pages 128-136"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142093501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Didrik H. Grevskott , Francisco Salvà-Serra , Edward R.B. Moore , Nachiket P. Marathe
{"title":"Escherichia coli novel sequence type 11873 harbours a new CTX-M-15–carrying multidrug resistance type 1/2 hybrid IncC plasmid","authors":"Didrik H. Grevskott , Francisco Salvà-Serra , Edward R.B. Moore , Nachiket P. Marathe","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.08.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.08.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The aim of the current study was to determine the genomic map of the resistance genes of two CTX-M-15–carrying <em>Escherichia coli</em> strains belonging to novel sequence type (ST) 11873. Complete, closed genome sequences of the <em>E. coli</em> strains were obtained by applying a combination of short-read Illumina and long-read Oxford Nanopore-based sequencing.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Isolation of <em>E. coli</em> was performed using ECC CHROMagar and antibiotic sensitivity patterns were determined using Sensititre EUVSEC plates. Whole-genome sequencing was performed for two <em>E. coli</em> strains (3–338 and 5–325) using Illumina MiSeq- and Oxford Nanopore MinION-based sequencing.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The complete genome of strain 3–338 (GenBank accession no. CP130007–17) was assembled into a circular chromosome of 4.65 Mb and 10 plasmids (between 2 and 148 kb). Strain 5–325 (CP130018–27) exhibited a circular chromosome of 4.7 Mb and 9 plasmids (between 2 and 148 kb). Both strains carried an identical type 1/2 hybrid IncC plasmid (∼148 kb) harbouring multiple antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), including <em>bla</em><sub>CTX−M-15</sub>, <em>bla</em><sub>OXA-1</sub>, <em>bla</em><sub>TEM-1</sub>, <em>qnrS1, sul2, aphA1, aacC2, mph(A)</em> and <em>floR</em>. This plasmid also carried heavy metal resistance genes, such as <em>chrA</em> and <em>arsR.</em> Strain 5–325 carried an additional IncFIB plasmid (∼78 kb) harbouring additional ARGs, including <em>bla</em><sub>TEM-1</sub>, <em>qnrS1, tet</em>(A), <em>dfrA14, sul2, strA</em> and <em>strB</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our study shows the emergence of a CTX-M-15–carrying type 1/2 hybrid IncC plasmid in novel <em>E. coli</em> ST11873. These findings emphasise the need for population-based sewage surveillance for understanding the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in pathogens in order to mitigate the further spread of such resistance factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":"39 ","pages":"Pages 109-113"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142093498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wa Ode Dwi Daningrat , Wisiva Tofriska Paramaiswari , Hanifah Fajri Maharani Putri , David Aanensen , Dodi Safari
{"title":"Prevalence, serotype distribution, and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Sea Nomad children under 5 years of age in Wakatobi, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Wa Ode Dwi Daningrat , Wisiva Tofriska Paramaiswari , Hanifah Fajri Maharani Putri , David Aanensen , Dodi Safari","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.08.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.08.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Indonesia commenced the nationwide introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) in 2022. Pre-vaccine <em>Streptococcus pneumoniae</em> data from across the country could be critical to enable vaccine impact evaluation in the future. This study evaluates colonization prevalence, factors associated with colonization, serotype distribution, and the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of <em>S. pneumoniae</em>.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Children under 5 years of age were enrolled from Bajau tribe settlements in Wakatobi, southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia, from October 2018 to February 2019. Nasopharyngeal swab specimens were analysed by culture, and isolates were serotyped using sequential multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Antibiotic susceptibility was performed by the disk diffusion method. Multivariable logistic regression was performed for risk factor analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 499 NP swab specimens were collected; 61.9% were colonized with <em>S. pneumoniae</em> and 48.9% of the isolates were of PCV13-vaccine type. The most common serotypes were 23F, 6B, 19F, and 6A at 13.2%, 9.8%, 8.9%, and 8.0%, respectively. Exposure to cigarette smoke in the household and runny nose were significant risk factors for colonization, with aORs of 1.6 (95% confidence interval: 1.1–2.3) and 2.1 (95% confidence interval: 1.4–3.3), respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The findings of this study may contribute to baseline pre-vaccine data in Indonesia that would be critical for the impact evaluation of vaccines.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":"39 ","pages":"Pages 93-99"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213716524001590/pdfft?md5=552172328e24633060e92c6f27405d0c&pid=1-s2.0-S2213716524001590-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142093499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jin Seok Kim, Hyo-Won Jeong, Young Hee Jin, JinWoo Kim, Jin-ah Kim, Sook Hyun Park, So-Mi Yoon, Sang-Eun Jung, Jung Im Jang, Eun Ji Kim, Jae In Lee, Jib-Ho Lee
{"title":"Emergence of the mobile colistin resistance gene mcr-1 in a Leclercia adecarboxylata strain isolated from wastewater in Seoul","authors":"Jin Seok Kim, Hyo-Won Jeong, Young Hee Jin, JinWoo Kim, Jin-ah Kim, Sook Hyun Park, So-Mi Yoon, Sang-Eun Jung, Jung Im Jang, Eun Ji Kim, Jae In Lee, Jib-Ho Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Colistin is considered the last resort for treating infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. However, the spread of the plasmid-borne colistin-resistance gene <em>mcr-1</em> has become a public health threat. In this study, we identified <em>mcr-1</em>-harboring <em>Leclercia adecarboxylata</em> strain (WWCOL-134) isolated from wastewater in Seoul. The strain had a colistin MIC value of 2 µg/ml and was resistant to cefotaxime, gentamicin, tetracycline, trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole. The <em>mcr-1</em> gene, along with an array of resistance genes, was located on a 236-kb plasmid (pCOL134-1), which contained the typical IncHI2 backbone of reported <em>mcr-1</em>-carrying plasmids, and was transferred to an <em>Escherichia coli</em> strain by conjugation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report the emergence of <em>mcr-1</em>-harboring <em>Leclercia</em> sp. isolate. Our findings demonstrate the ongoing spread of colistin resistance among Enterobacterales species, emphasizing the need for surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in wastewater environments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":"39 ","pages":"Pages 37-40"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213716524001565/pdfft?md5=98329aa4dee120a1d560bf25a4abc935&pid=1-s2.0-S2213716524001565-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142036003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Masoumeh Beig , Omid Shirazi , Elaheh Ebrahimi , Abbas Zare Banadkouki , Narges Golab , Mohammad Sholeh
{"title":"Prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Cutibacterium acnes (formerly Propionibacterium acnes) isolates, a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Masoumeh Beig , Omid Shirazi , Elaheh Ebrahimi , Abbas Zare Banadkouki , Narges Golab , Mohammad Sholeh","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.07.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.07.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study aimed to assess the overall antibiotic susceptibility of <em>Cutibacterium acnes</em> (<em>C. acnes</em>), a bacterium implicated in acne vulgaris, with a particular focus on clindamycin and fluoroquinolones, which are commonly used in inflammatory acne treatment.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A systematic search of Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science and EMBASE databases was conducted to identify relevant studies. Pooled prevalence estimates were calculated using a random-effects model, and additional analyses included quality assessment, evaluation of publication bias, meta-regression and subgroup analyses based on antimicrobial susceptibility methods and year of publication.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The analysis incorporated a total of 39 studies. The random-effects model revealed that the proportion of clindamycin-resistant isolates was 0.031 (95% CI: 0.014–0.071). Additionally, macrolides, including erythromycin (0.366; 95% CI: 0.302–0.434) and azithromycin (0.149; 95% CI: 0.061–0.322), exhibited distinct prevalence rates. Tetracyclines, including doxycycline (0.079; 95% CI: 0.014–0.071), tetracycline (0.062; 95% CI: 0.036–0.107) and minocycline (0.025; 95% CI: 0.012–0.051), displayed varying prevalence estimates. Fluoroquinolones, including ciprofloxacin (0.050; 95% CI: 0.017–0.140) and levofloxacin (0.061; 95% CI: 0.015–0.217), demonstrated unique prevalence rates. Additionally, the prevalence of the combination antibiotic trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (SXT) was estimated to be 0.087 (95% CI: 0.033–0.208).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The study findings highlight a concerning increase in antimicrobial-resistant <em>C. acnes</em> with the use of antibiotics in acne treatment. The strategic utilization of appropriate antimicrobials has emerged as a crucial measure to mitigate the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant skin bacteria in acne management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":"39 ","pages":"Pages 82-91"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213716524001371/pdfft?md5=5cb88fba8c09574847b05ab2a08502d5&pid=1-s2.0-S2213716524001371-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142046752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Piperacillin-tazobactam vs. carbapenems for treating hospitalized patients with ESBL-producing Enterobacterales bloodstream infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Milo Gatti , Pier Giorgio Cojutti , Federico Pea","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>To meta-analyse the clinical efficacy of piperacillin-tazobactam vs. carbapenems for treating hospitalized patients affected by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing <em>Enterobacterales</em> bloodstream infections (BSIs).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Two authors independently searched PubMed-MEDLINE and Scopus database up to January 17, 2024, to retrieve randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or observational studies comparing piperacillin-tazobactam vs. carbapenems for the management of hospitalized patients with ESBL-BSIs. Data were independently extracted by the two authors, and the quality of included studies was independently assessed according to ROB 2.0 or ROBINS-I tools. Mortality rate was selected as primary outcome. Meta-analysis was performed by pooling odds ratios (ORs) retrieved from studies providing adjustment for confounders using a random-effects model with the inverse variance method.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>After screening 3,418 articles, 10 studies were meta-analysed (one RCT and nine retrospective observational studies; <em>N</em> = 1,962). Mortality rate did not significantly differ between treatment with piperacillin-tazobactam vs. carbapenems (<em>N</em> = 6; OR: 1.41; 95% CI: 0.96–2.07; <em>I²</em> = 23.6%). The findings were consistent also in subgroup analyses assessing patients receiving empirical therapy (<em>N</em> = 5; OR: 1.36; 95% CI: 0.99–1.85), or patients having in ≥50% of cases urinary/biliary tract as the primary BSI source (<em>N</em> = 2; OR: 1.26; 95% CI: 0.84–1.89). Conversely, the mortality rate was significantly higher with piperacillin-tazobactam only among patients having in <50% of cases urinary/biliary tract as the primary source of BSI (<em>N</em> = 3; OR: 2.02; 95% CI: 1.00–4.07).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This meta-analysis showed that, after performing appropriate adjustments for confounders, mortality and clinical outcome in patients having ESBL-producing <em>Enterobacterales</em> BSIs did not significantly differ among those receiving piperacillin-tazobactam compared to those receiving carbapenems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":"39 ","pages":"Pages 27-36"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213716524001541/pdfft?md5=fd450d86ac78baada6b4769dda3b2b3e&pid=1-s2.0-S2213716524001541-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142036004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kaitlin A. Tagg , Justin Y. Kim , Britton Henderson , Meseret G. Birhane , Caroline Snyder , Carla Boutwell , Abiye Iyo , Linlin Li , Eva Weinstein , Yvonne Mercado , Arancha Peñil-Celis , Matthew Mikoleit , Jason P. Folster , Louise K. Francois Watkins
{"title":"Azithromycin-resistant mph(A)-positive Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi in the United States","authors":"Kaitlin A. Tagg , Justin Y. Kim , Britton Henderson , Meseret G. Birhane , Caroline Snyder , Carla Boutwell , Abiye Iyo , Linlin Li , Eva Weinstein , Yvonne Mercado , Arancha Peñil-Celis , Matthew Mikoleit , Jason P. Folster , Louise K. Francois Watkins","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.08.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) conducts active surveillance for typhoid fever cases caused by <em>Salmonella enterica</em> serovar Typhi (Typhi). Here we describe the characteristics of the first two cases of <em>mph</em>(A)-positive azithromycin-resistant Typhi identified through US surveillance.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Isolates were submitted to public health laboratories, sequenced, and screened for antimicrobial resistance determinants and plasmids, as part of CDC PulseNet's routine genomic surveillance. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and long-read sequencing were also performed. Basic case information (age, sex, travel, outcome) was collected through routine questionnaires; additional epidemiological data was requested through follow-up patient interviews.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The patients are related and both reported travel to India (overlapping travel dates) before illness onset. Both Typhi genomes belong to the GenoTyphi lineage 4.3.1.1 and carry the azithromycin-resistance gene <em>mph</em>(A) on a PTU-FE (IncFIA/FIB/FII) plasmid. These strains differ genetically from <em>mph</em>(A)-positive Typhi genomes recently reported from Pakistan, suggesting independent emergence of azithromycin resistance in India.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Cases of typhoid fever caused by Typhi strains resistant to all available oral treatment options are cause for concern and support the need for vaccination of travellers to Typhi endemic regions. US genomic surveillance serves as an important global sentinel for detection of strains with known and emerging antimicrobial resistance profiles, including strains from areas where routine surveillance is not conducted.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":"39 ","pages":"Pages 69-72"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213716524001553/pdfft?md5=41be77abc260d495c3dbbb45e4a0d587&pid=1-s2.0-S2213716524001553-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142036002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brian B. Yoo , Norihisa Yamamoto , Justina Ilutsik Quintero , Maria Jose Machado , Sarah Sabour , Sara Blosser , Maria Karlsson , James Kamile Rasheed , Allison C. Brown
{"title":"Performance evaluation of the Streck ARM-DⓇ Kit, β-Lactamase for molecular detection of acquired β-lactamase genes","authors":"Brian B. Yoo , Norihisa Yamamoto , Justina Ilutsik Quintero , Maria Jose Machado , Sarah Sabour , Sara Blosser , Maria Karlsson , James Kamile Rasheed , Allison C. Brown","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Despite clinical relevance, commercially available molecular tools for accurate β-lactamase detection are limited. In this study, we evaluated the performance of the ARM-D<sup>Ⓡ</sup> Kit, β-Lactamase, a commercially available multiplex PCR assay designed to detect nine β-lactamase genes, including the five major plasmid-mediated carbapenemases, ESBL and AmpC genes circulating in the United States.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A diverse collection of 113 Gram-negative isolates, including 42 with multiple β-lactamases genes, was selected from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) & Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Antimicrobial Resistance Isolate Bank, to represent the most frequently detected bacterial species carrying plasmid-mediated β-lactam resistance genes.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Results were compared with whole genome sequence data. Of 164 β-lactamase gene targets with 49 unique variants, all were detected correctly without any cross-reactivity. The sensitivity and specificity were 100% (164/164) and 99.9% (852/853), respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The ARM-D<sup>Ⓡ</sup> Kit, β-Lactamase detected a wide range of β-lactamase genotypes at a low upfront cost. The Streck assay represents a suitable, comprehensive tool for the detection of key β-lactamase resistance genes of public health concern in the United States.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":"39 ","pages":"Pages 54-58"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213716524001577/pdfft?md5=34d94f316abd76d94a0af6246db1a138&pid=1-s2.0-S2213716524001577-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142017732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiaze Peng , Caopei Guo , Chengbing Yang , Lin Zhang , Fuyin Yang , Xianpeng Huang , Yang Yu , Tao Zhang , Jiachen Peng
{"title":"Phage therapy for bone and joint infections: A comprehensive exploration of challenges, dynamics, and therapeutic prospects","authors":"Jiaze Peng , Caopei Guo , Chengbing Yang , Lin Zhang , Fuyin Yang , Xianpeng Huang , Yang Yu , Tao Zhang , Jiachen Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.07.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2024.07.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Bone and joint infections (BJI) pose formidable challenges in orthopaedics due to antibiotic resistance and the complexities of biofilm, complicating treatment. This comprehensive exploration addresses the intricate challenges posed by BJI and highlights the significant role of phage therapy as a non-antibiotic strategy.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>BJI, which encompass prosthetic joint infections, osteomyelitis, and purulent arthritis, are exacerbated by biofilm formation on bone and implant surfaces, hindering treatment efficacy. Gram-negative bacterial infections, characterized by elevated antibiotic resistance, further contribute to the clinical challenge. Amidst this therapeutic challenge, phage therapy emerges as a potential strategy, showing unique characteristics such as strict host specificity and biofilm disruption capabilities.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The review unveils the dynamics of phages, including their origins, lifecycle outcomes, and genomic characteristics. Animal studies, in vitro investigations, and clinical research provide compelling evidence of the efficacy of phages in treating <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> infections, particularly in osteomyelitis cases. Phage lysins exhibit biofilm-disrupting capabilities, offering a meaningful method for addressing BJI. Recent statistical analyses reveal high clinical relief rates and a favourable safety profile for phage therapy.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Despite its promise, phage therapy encounters limitations, including a narrow host range and potential immunogenicity. The comprehensive analysis navigates these challenges and charts the future of phage therapy, emphasizing standardization, pharmacokinetics, and global collaboration. Anticipated strides in phage engineering and combination therapy hold promise for combating antibiotic-resistant BJI.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":"39 ","pages":"Pages 12-21"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221371652400136X/pdfft?md5=0e50939f0a2be733bbd019cde63244ae&pid=1-s2.0-S221371652400136X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142017733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}