Journal of global antimicrobial resistance最新文献

{"title":"Antibiotic practices and AMR trends in livestock farms of Mymensingh region in Bangladesh","authors":"Mohammad Sohan,&nbsp;Md. Ashikuzzaman,&nbsp;Mahmudul Hasan,&nbsp;Sara Taifunnahar,&nbsp;Mohsin Taluckder,&nbsp;Folorunso Oludayo Fasina,&nbsp;Md. Shahiduzzaman","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2026.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2026.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>In Bangladesh, the unregulated use of antimicrobials in livestock poses a significant threat to the effectiveness of these drugs, yet multi-sectoral data to guide stewardship are scarce. This study investigated veterinary drug use, antibiotic awareness, and risk factors contributing to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the Mymensingh region of Bangladesh.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional survey was conducted among livestock farmers (n = 101) and retail pharmacy sellers (n = 104), complemented by veterinary hospital prescription records (n = 330). Field data were collected and descriptive and analytical statistics were conducted in Python to determine predictors of antibiotic choice. Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Hierarchical Clustering, and network analysis were performed to characterize antibiotic usage patterns and co-prescription structures.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Provider qualification and knowledge of withdrawal periods significantly influenced antibiotic practices in both farm and pharmacy settings. PCA captured major variance components in farm (41.06%), pharmacy (51.89%), and hospital (40.85%) datasets. Hierarchical Clustering demonstrated sector-specific preferences among 27 antibiotic compounds, with Amoxicillin dominating farm use and Tetracycline-class drugs prevalent in hospital prescriptions. Network analysis revealed tightly connected co-prescription clusters, with Amoxicillin and Tetracycline functioning as central nodes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Significant variation exists in antibiotic awareness and usage across sectors, shaped largely by provider qualification and withdrawal knowledge. The identified predictors and usage networks provide critical evidence for designing targeted antimicrobial stewardship interventions, highlighting the need for stricter pharmacy regulation and enhanced farmer education.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 128-139"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147941805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic characterization of an ST44 Escherichia coli isolate harboring an mcr-8.2-bearing IncR plasmid from a paediatric patient in China","authors":"Che Song ,&nbsp;Xinyue Zhai ,&nbsp;Yifan Fang ,&nbsp;Qing He ,&nbsp;Meina Yue ,&nbsp;Danni Bao ,&nbsp;Xianhong He ,&nbsp;Jiayu Shao ,&nbsp;Zhi Ruan","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2026.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2026.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The emergence of plasmid-mediated mobile colistin resistance (<em>mcr</em>) genes poses a serious threat to the clinical efficacy of colistin, a last-resort antibiotic for multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacterial infections. The occurrence of the less prevalent <em>mcr-8</em> variant in clinically relevant species remains poorly characterized. This study aimed to characterize an ST44 <em>E. coli</em> isolate harbouring an <em>mcr-8.2</em>-bearing IncR plasmid from a paediatric patient in China.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A faecal <em>E. coli</em> isolate from a 5-year-old patient was analysed. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by broth microdilution, and conjugation assays were performed to assess plasmid transferability. Comparative genomic analysis was performed to identify multiple resistance determinants, virulence factors, and plasmid replicon types. A global phylogenetic analysis was conducted to contextualize the isolate among publicly available <em>E. coli</em> ST44 genomes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The isolate belonged to ST44 and showed resistance to colistin (MIC = 8 mg/L). Genomic analysis revealed the presence of an IncR plasmid, designated p4717_mcr-8, harbouring <em>mcr-8.2</em> along with additional resistance genes, including <em>mph</em>(A), <em>aac(3)-IId, bla</em>_TEM, and <em>rmtB</em>. The plasmid was transferable to <em>E. coli</em> J53 at a frequency of 4.63 × 10⁻⁴. The <em>mcr-8.2</em> gene was embedded within a conserved IS<em>Ecl1</em>-<em>mcr-8.2</em>-IS<em>Kpn26</em> genetic structure. Phylogenetic analysis of publicly available ST44 genomes suggested that this lineage is not a common reservoir of <em>mcr</em> genes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study reports a mobile <em>mcr-8.2</em>-carrying plasmid in an ST44 <em>E. coli</em> isolate from a paediatric patient, highlighting a potentially under recognized reservoir for silent dissemination and emphasizing the need for active surveillance of <em>mcr</em> genes in paediatric populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 109-116"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147941754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of antibiotics in the treatment of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections: A systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis","authors":"Binh Van Tran ,&nbsp;Phi Yen Huynh ,&nbsp;Tu Tuan Tran ,&nbsp;Bao Bui Hoang ,&nbsp;Ka-Wai Tam","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2026.04.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2026.04.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aims to compare the efficacy and safety of antimicrobial regimens for multidrug-resistant <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em> (MDR <em>A. baumannii</em>) infections using a Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases were searched from inception through 6^th January 2025, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality; secondary outcomes included clinical improvement, microbiological cure, and nephrotoxicity. A random-effects NMA estimated odds ratios (ORs) with 95% credible intervals (CrIs) and ranked regimens using the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The Bayesian NMA included 10 RCTs and 38 cohort studies (14 regimens; 7 300 patients), with cohorts contributing 80.6% of the data. Compared with tigecycline, cefiderocol-based therapies (combination: OR = 0.41, 95% CrI: 0.22–0.77; monotherapy: OR = 0.44, 95% CrI: 0.27–0.76) and sulbactam–durlobactam (OR = 0.42, 95% CrI: 0.15–1.20) were associated with reduced mortality (very low certainty). Sulbactam–durlobactam also ranked highest for clinical improvement (OR = 5.79, 95% CrI: 1.62–21.46, SUCRA 91.0%) and microbiological cure (OR = 8.66, 95% CrI: 1.92–41.01, SUCRA 98.2%; very low certainty). Colistin-based regimens had the highest nephrotoxicity (combination: OR = 8.21, 95% CrI: 1.41–59.35; monotherapy: OR = 7.75, 95% CrI = 1.81–40.82; very low certainty).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Sulbactam–durlobactam ranked highest for clinical improvement and microbiological cure, while cefiderocol-based therapies scored highest for mortality reduction in our NMA. However, the evidence was largely derived from observational studies with very low certainty. Further <em>A. baumannii</em>-specific RCTs are needed to confirm these findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 117-127"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147856557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ISAC News and Updates","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2026.04.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2026.04.015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":"48 ","pages":"Pages ii-iii"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148001308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complete genome sequences and structural variants of pESI-like plasmids in multidrug-resistant Salmonella Infantis carrying blaCTX-M-65 from retail chicken meat in South Korea","authors":"Tae-Min La ,&nbsp;Taesoo Kim ,&nbsp;Sang-Won Lee ,&nbsp;Ji-Yeon Hyeon","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2026.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2026.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study reports complete chromosome and pESI-like megaplasmid sequences of multidrug-resistant <em>Salmonella enterica</em> serovar Infantis (<em>S.</em> Infantis) isolates obtained from retail chicken meat in South Korea in 2023 and characterizes their antimicrobial resistance (AMR) gene repertoire and the structural diversity of their pESI-like plasmids.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty-one multidrug-resistant <em>S</em>. Infantis isolates were subjected to whole-genome sequencing using Illumina NextSeq and Oxford Nanopore MinION platforms. Hybrid assemblies were generated using Trycycler v0.5.0 and corrected using Polypolish v1.2.3. AMR genes were identified, and plasmid structures were reconstructed and visualized using Proksee.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>All isolates belonged to sequence type ST32 and carried pESI-like megaplasmid encoding multiple AMR genes. Conserved resistance genes included <em>aac(3)-IVa, aph(4)-Ia, bla</em>_CTX-M-65, and <em>tet</em>(A), while <em>ant(3″)-Ia, aph(3′)-Ia, dfrA14, floR,</em> and <em>sul1</em> were variably present. Comparative plasmid analysis revealed six plasmid structural variants (Types A–F), primarily distinguished by deletions within AMR regions. Type A retained all resistance loci, whereas Types B–F exhibited partial loss of regions harbouring <em>aph(3′)-Ia, dfrA14, floR</em>, or <em>sul1</em>. Comparative plasmid mapping showed that the Korean pESI-like plasmids exhibited high overall structural similarity to internationally reported pESI-like plasmids, including those from the UK and USA.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These complete genome sequences expand the current knowledge of pESI-like plasmid diversity in <em>S</em>. Infantis and highlight their role in the dissemination of multidrug resistance in the poultry sector. Continued genomic surveillance is warranted to monitor the emergence and spread of high-risk <em>S</em>. Infantis clones across the food chain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":"47 ","pages":"Pages 38-40"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146040813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence of ESBL and carbapenemase producers and polymyxin- and fosfomycin-resistant Enterobacterales among pets in a veterinary clinic, Egypt","authors":"Atef Oreiby ,&nbsp;Samanta Freire ,&nbsp;Alaaeldin Mohamed Saad ,&nbsp;Mohamed A. Donia ,&nbsp;Hazim O. Khalifa ,&nbsp;Patrice Nordmann ,&nbsp;Laurent Poirel ,&nbsp;Mustafa Sadek","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2026.01.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2026.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study investigates the transmission risk of ESBL producers, carbapenemase producers, polymyxin-resistant, and fosfomycin-resistant Enterobacterales from healthy and sick dogs and cats in Tanta governorate, Nile Delta region, Egypt.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 206 different samples were collected from healthy and sick pets. Samples were screened for different resistance mechanisms using mSuperCarba, SuperPolymyxin, ChromID ESBL, and SuperFOS selective plates. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using disk diffusion and broth microdilution techniques. Phenotypic confirmation of resistance traits was done using various rapid diagnostic tests. PCR screening was performed for ESBLs, carbapenemases, <em>mcr</em>, and <em>fosA</em> genes. Molecular typing and clonality evaluation were also performed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Isolates (<em>Escherichia coli</em>, n = 17 and <em>Enterobacter cloacae</em>, n = 1) showing acquired multidrug resistance phenotype were identified in 13 animals, accounting for 25% of the total cases. Production of ESBLs was the most prevalent resistance mechanism, with the corresponding producers predominantly carrying the <em>bla</em>_CTX-M-15 gene (92.3%), whereas the <em>bla</em>_SHV-12 gene was identified in a single isolate. The <em>bla</em>_NDM-5 carbapenemase gene was identified in three <em>E. coli</em> isolates, those latter sharing the same sequence type (ST361). A single colistin-resistant <em>E. coli</em> was isolated and carried both <em>mcr-1</em> and <em>bla</em>_CTX-M-15, whereas a fosfomycin-resistant <em>E. coli</em> isolate coproduced <em>fosA5</em> and SHV-12. Notably, 69.2% of resistant bacteria were isolated from sick pets compared with 30.7% in healthy ones. <em>E. coli</em> isolates showed various sequence types, with ESBL-producing strains belonging to seven different STs and NDM-5 enzyme producers belonging to ST361.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study highlights significant antimicrobial resistance in companion animals and the potential risk for zoonotic transmission.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":"47 ","pages":"Pages 49-54"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146018513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic analysis of a penicillin-susceptible, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (ST9332) harboring triple mecA substitutions","authors":"Qin Tang ,&nbsp;Yuting Sun ,&nbsp;Fei Yan ,&nbsp;Lu Lin ,&nbsp;Huarong Yu ,&nbsp;Jinxing Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2026.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2026.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Research Background</h3><div><em>mecA</em>-positive MRSA is generally assumed to be broadly non-susceptible to β-lactams. Reports of penicillin-susceptible MRSA (PS-MRSA) challenge this view. We describe CDSYY2023, a cefoxitin-resistant yet penicillin-susceptible MRSA carrying three <em>mecA</em> substitutions (S225R, K239E, E246G) and a novel sequence type, ST9332.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The strain was recovered from the sputum of a hospitalised older adult with dementia and identified as <em>S. aureus</em> by MALDI-TOF MS (Autobio MS1000). Susceptibility testing followed CLSI procedures on VITEK 2 with parallel Mueller–Hinton edge tests (cefoxitin, penicillin). Key readouts were verified by Etest and independently confirmed at a referral laboratory. Whole-genome sequencing (Illumina HiSeq 2500) was assembled de novo with SOAPdenovo2. Functional annotation used COG/GO/KEGG; resistance and virulence genes were queried against CARD and VFDB. MLST was assigned and registered via PUBMLST.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The draft genome is ∼2 750 950 bp (GC 32.94%), with no plasmids, encoding 2521 CDSs, 55 tRNAs and 19 rRNAs. MLST designated ST9332. Phenotypically, VITEK 2 and MH edge tests agreed on cefoxitin resistance (17 mm), while penicillin remained susceptible (25 mm; Etest MIC 0.032 µg/mL), contrary to expectations for a <em>mecA</em>-positive background. Genomics revealed the triple <em>mecA</em> substitutions noted above and no definitive evidence of <em>blaZ</em>. The resistome/virulome included multiple efflux and regulatory elements.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>CDSYY2023 is a PS-MRSA with triple-substituted <em>mecA</em> on a novel MLST background (ST9332). Its penicillin-susceptible/cefoxitin-resistant profile likely reflects a specific <em>mecA</em> sequence/regulatory context, highlighting the limits of relying solely on cefoxitin-based screening to infer β-lactam behaviour.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":"47 ","pages":"Pages 20-26"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146029678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility analysis of diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli isolated from outpatients in Beijing, from 2021 to 2024","authors":"Bing Lv,&nbsp;Xin Zhang,&nbsp;Hui Xu,&nbsp;Changying Lin,&nbsp;Ying Huang,&nbsp;Mei Qu,&nbsp;Daitao Zhang,&nbsp;Quanyi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2026.01.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2026.01.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of diarrhoeagenic <em>Escherichia coli</em> (DEC) among outpatients in Beijing, and to analyse the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and antimicrobial resistance gene characteristics of the isolated strains.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>From 2021 to 2024, DEC strains were collected from outpatient specimens. After isolation and identification, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method was used to assess their susceptibility to 16 antibiotics. Whole-genome sequencing was conducted for further analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the 1209 DEC strains, the highest resistance rates were observed for ampicillin (63.28%) and tetracycline (45.57%). In contrast, significantly lower rates were found for tigecycline (0.41%), amikacin (0.66%), meropenem (3.97%), ertapenem (6.70%), ceftazidime (7.20%), and ciprofloxacin (9.26%). The 0–5 age group demonstrated higher resistance rates to most antibiotics compared with other age groups. Multi-locus sequence typing revealed significant genetic diversity among all strains, with the predominant sequence types identified as ST10 (5.96%), ST1491 (5.21%), ST4 (4.22%), and ST48 (3.47%). Among 111 fluoroquinolone-resistant strains, chromosomal mutations in <em>gyrA</em> and <em>parC</em> genes were predominant (56.76%). Among 612 cephalosporin-resistant isolates, the <em>bla</em>_CTX−M gene was the most prevalent resistance gene (30.72%).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>DEC infections and the spread of resistance genes pose a significant health threat, especially in children. Consequently, there is an urgent need to enhance the surveillance and research of resistance genes and to promote the rational use of antibiotics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":"47 ","pages":"Pages 1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146040836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic epidemiology of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Mwanza, Tanzania","authors":"Vitus Silago ,&nbsp;Benson R. Kidenya ,&nbsp;Katarina Oravcova ,&nbsp;Louise Matthews ,&nbsp;Conjester I. Mtemisika ,&nbsp;Stephen E. Mshana ,&nbsp;Heike Claus ,&nbsp;Jeremiah Seni","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2026.01.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2026.01.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing <em>Escherichia coli</em> (ESBL-EC) and <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> (ESBL-KP) represent major clinical threats globally. Genomic epidemiological data remain scarce in low- and middle-income countries, limiting a comprehensive understanding of antimicrobial-resistant pathogen diversity and clonal distribution. The present study investigated the genomic epidemiology of ESBL-EC and ESBL-KP isolates in Mwanza, Tanzania.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional hospital-based study employed whole-genome sequencing to characterise ESBL-EC (<em>n</em> = 39) and ESBL-KP (<em>n</em> = 49) isolated from patients with bloodstream, urinary tract, and wound infections at a zonal referral hospital between June 2019–June 2020 and March–August 2023.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirteen sequence types (STs) were identified among ESBL-EC, predominantly ST131 (30.7%) and ST648 (28.2%). ESBL-KP comprised 15 STs, with ST2390 (24.5%) and ST17 (18.4%) being the most common. The <em>bla</em>_CTX−M-15 gene was detected in 87.2% of ESBL-EC and 95.9% of ESBL-KP. IncFII was the dominant plasmid replicon in ESBL-EC (63.9%) and ESBL-KP (83.7%), while repB was detected exclusively in ESBL-KP (28.6%), particularly among ST2390. ESBL-EC showed significantly higher resistance to ciprofloxacin (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), whereas ESBL-KP demonstrated higher resistance to gentamicin and piperacillin-tazobactam (both <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). The cgMLST-based Neighbour-Joining phylogenetic analysis revealed substantial genetic diversity and identified clonal clusters involving the high-risk clone ESBL-EC ST131. Clusters of ESBL-EC ST131 and ST648 were observed across medical and neonatology wards, while ESBL-KP ST2390 clusters were mainly confined to neonatology wards.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study highlights clonal clusters, the first report of ESBL-KP ST2390, and the predominance of the virulent high-risk clone ESBL-EC ST131 in Mwanza, Tanzania. Underscoring the critical need for reinforced infection control strategies and genomic surveillance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":"47 ","pages":"Pages 55-63"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146086035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical efficacy of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole treatment for pediatric pertussis in macrolide-resistant endemic regions: A retrospective cohort study","authors":"Juan Yuan ,&nbsp;Yarong Yang ,&nbsp;Yi Zhang ,&nbsp;Jun Wang ,&nbsp;Bin Xue ,&nbsp;Fangzhi He ,&nbsp;Wenjuan Zhao ,&nbsp;Shuyue Tang ,&nbsp;Zengguo Wang ,&nbsp;Xinxin Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2026.01.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2026.01.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To assess the efficacy and influencing factors of sulfamethoxazole–trimethoprim (SXT) in children with pertussis in regions with a high prevalence of macrolide-resistant <em>Bordetella pertussis</em> (MRBP).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 317 PCR-confirmed pediatric pertussis cases treated with SXT were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were categorized into short-term (5–7 days, <em>n</em> = 93) and long-term (10–14 days, <em>n</em> = 65) treatment groups. Clinical outcomes, adverse events, and potential predictors of treatment response were analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The median interval from symptom onset to SXT initiation was 12 days (IQR: 9–15). Following SXT therapy, 243 patients (76.7%) achieved clinical remission, 68 (21.4%) showed partial improvement, and 6 (1.9%) experienced no relief, without clinical deterioration. Multivariate analysis identified nucleic acid negative conversion as a independent predictor of clinical remission (OR, 5.14, 95% CI: 2.66–9.88, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Compared to the short-course group, the long-course group demonstrated significantly higher rates of both clinical remission (83.1% vs. 66.7%, <em>p</em> = 0.022) and nucleic acid clearance (87.7% vs. 71.0%, <em>p</em> = 0.013). No serious adverse events were reported. Skin lesions were the most frequent adverse events (5.1%), with no significant difference between groups (3.2% vs. 7.7%, <em>p</em> = 0.373).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>SXT effectively alleviates clinical symptoms of pertussis in children in high MRBP prevalence regions. Nucleic acid negative conversion predicts clinical remission. An extended SXT course (10–14 days) demonstrates superior efficacy to a shorter course (5–7 days). No serious adverse events were observed; skin lesions were the most common side effect.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":"47 ","pages":"Pages 33-37"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146105845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}