Journal of Helminthology最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence and distribution of pig helminths in the Dongting Lake Region (Hunan Province) of the People's Republic of China","authors":"J. Boes, A.L. Willingham, Shi Fuhui, Hu Xuguang, L. Eriksen, P. Nansen, T.B. Stewart","doi":"10.1017/s0022149x0070006x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x0070006x","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence of helminths in pigs was investigated in five rural communities situated on the embankment of Dongting Lake in Zhiyang County, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China, in an area known to be endemic for <jats:italic>Schistosoma japonicum</jats:italic>. The helminth prevalences identified on the basis of faecal egg count analysis were: <jats:italic>Oesophagostomum</jats:italic> spp. (86.7%), <jats:italic>Ascaris suum</jats:italic> (36.7%), <jats:italic>Metastrongylus</jats:italic> spp. (25.8%), <jats:italic>Strongyloides</jats:italic> spp. (25.8%), <jats:italic>Trichuris suis</jats:italic> (15.8%), <jats:italic>Globocephalus</jats:italic> spp. (6.7%), <jats:italic>Gnathostoma</jats:italic> spp. (4.2%), <jats:italic>Schistosoma japonicum</jats:italic> (5.0%) and <jats:italic>Fasciola</jats:italic> spp. (1.3%). Post mortem examinations of a small number of pigs depositing eggs of different helminth species revealed the presence of <jats:italic>Oesophagostomum dentatum</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>O. quadrispinulatum</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>A. suum</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Metastrongylus apri</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>M. pudendotectus</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>T. suis</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>G. hispidum</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Ascarops dentata</jats:italic>. Prevalences of all helminths, with the exception of <jats:italic>Oesophagostomum</jats:italic> spp., were higher in young pigs (&lt; 8 months old) compared with adult pigs. Prevalences of trematodes were very low, especially for <jats:italic>S. japonicum</jats:italic> which had decreased dramatically compared with previous reports from this area of P.R. China, whereas prevalences of nematodes were generally in agreement with those reported from other Yangtze River Provinces. Results from helminth prevalence studies in pigs, conducted in other provinces of P.R. China between 1987 and 1997, are presented and discussed. It was concluded that a government helminth control programme, implemented in 1995 to control <jats:italic>S. japonicum</jats:italic> infection in pigs in Hunan Province, may have resulted in a greatly reduced prevalence of <jats:italic>S. japonicum</jats:italic> in pigs in this region.","PeriodicalId":15928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Helminthology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140578907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nematode parasite control practices of sheep and goat farmers in the region of Trikala, Greece","authors":"G. Theodoropoulos, H. Theodoropoulos, G. Zervas, E. Bartziokas","doi":"10.1017/s0022149x00700125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00700125","url":null,"abstract":"Information concerning worm control practices of sheep and goat farmers in the region of Trikala (central Greece) was collected through a questionnaire survey by visiting farms and interviewing farmers. Questionnaires from 57 farmers residing in 23 rural communities were collected. Anthelmintics were used by 89% of the farmers. On average, lambs, kids and goats were treated once annually, while sheep were treated either once or twice annually. Only 2% of farmers reported treatment of animals with anthelmintics when moving to new pastures. The most common broad-spectrum anthelmintics used were those belonging to the benzimidazoles and probenzimidazoles. Fifty nine percent of the farmers used the same anthelmintic group for 3 or more years and 34% used two or more anthelmintic groups in the same year. Almost all farmers reported estimating live weights for calculating anthelmintic doses through visual perception on the basis of an average weight (96%). Tablets and boluses were the most preferred anthelmintic formulation used by 96% of farmers. The selection of an anthelmintic was based for 58% of farmers on recommendation by a veterinarian and for 39% of farmers on the cost of the drug. The most common occasions for deworming the animals were at turn out (86%) and after parturition (31%). Only 6% of farmers reported deworming new animals before introducing them onto the farm. Farmers preferred to seek information about the use of anthelmintics and worm control strategies from veterinarians (63%) and other farmers (37%).","PeriodicalId":15928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Helminthology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140587423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intestinal helminths of spiny mice (Acomys cahirinus dimidiatus) from St Katherine's Protectorate in the Sinai, Egypt","authors":"J.M. Behnke, C.J. Barnard, N. Mason, P.D. Harris, N.E. Sherif, S. Zalat, F.S. Gilbert","doi":"10.1017/s0022149x00700058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00700058","url":null,"abstract":"Spiny mice, <jats:italic>Acomys cahirinus dimidiatus</jats:italic>, inhabiting the wadis close to St Katherine in the mountains of the Sinai peninsula, were trapped and their helminth parasites were studied. Sixty one mice provided faeces for analysis and 27 were killed and autopsied. Six species of helminths were recorded (the spirurid nematodes, <jats:italic>Protospirura muricola</jats:italic> (74.1%) and <jats:italic>Mastophorus muris</jats:italic> (11.1%), the oxyuroid nematodes, <jats:italic>Dentostomella kuntzi</jats:italic> (59.3%), <jats:italic>Aspiculuris africana</jats:italic> (3.7%), and <jats:italic>Syphacia minuta</jats:italic> (3.7%) and the hymenolepidid cestode <jats:italic>Rodentolepis negevi</jats:italic> (18.5%)). The spirurids were the dominant species present, accounting for up to 0.87% of total host body weight. Analysis of worm weights and lengths suggested that transmission had been taking place in the months preceding our study. No sex difference in the prevalence or abundance of spirurids was detected. Significant differences were identified in the abundance of total nematode burdens and the mean helminth species richness between the three wadis which provided multiple captures of mice. There was also a marked effect of host age on both parameters. A highly significant positive correlation between spirurid egg counts and total worm biomass indicated that non-invasive techniques based on egg counts could be used to quantify worm burdens and when this technique was applied to a larger sample size (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 61), a significant difference between sites but no host sex or age effects were detected for spirurid faecal egg counts. The data suggest that there are differences between helminth component communities infecting spiny mice in different neighbouring wadis, a hypothesis which will be explored further through our continuing studies in the Sinai.","PeriodicalId":15928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Helminthology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140579493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro interactions between epithelial cells and Gyrodactylus derjavini","authors":"K. Buchmann, C.V. Nielsen, J. Bresciani","doi":"10.1017/s0022149x00700915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00700915","url":null,"abstract":"Skin responses of fish to various parasites have been shown to involve various immunologically competent cells producing factors which guide the reactions of epithelial cells. However, the present study has demonstrated that a monoculture of epithelial cells has the ability to encapsulate and partially degrade ectoparasites without involvement of leukocytes. The ectoparasitic monogenean<jats:italic>Gyrodactylus derjavini</jats:italic> was kept on a monolayer of Epithelioma Papulosum Cyprini (EPC) cells in 24-well multidishes supplied with tissue culture medium. <jats:italic>Gyrodactylus derjavini</jats:italic> did not reproduce but survived an incubation period of up to139 h in the system. Due to sterile conditions, dead gyrodactylids were not subjected to microbial degradation and remained intact for several weeks. However, at 40 days <jats:italic>G. derjavini</jats:italic> was overgrown by EPC-cells and became partly degraded during the following 15 days. Analysis of enzyme reactivity in EPC-cells showed reactions for ten enzymes including esterases, amidases, phosphatases and phosphohydrolases. No marked differences for the ten enzymes between cell cultures with and without the ectoparasites were found but it cannot be excluded that some of these enzymes took part in parasite degradation. The study showed the <jats:italic>in vitro</jats:italic> capability of epithelial cells to interact, encapsulate and degrade <jats:italic>G. derjavini</jats:italic> without the involvement of leukocytes. This response probably is non-specific and will not exclude that various immunocompetent cells and their products normally optimize and accelerate elimination of invading parasites <jats:italic>in vivo</jats:italic>.","PeriodicalId":15928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Helminthology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140587591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Congenital transmission of Schistosoma japonicum in the rabbit","authors":"B.-Z. Qian, H.O. Bøgh, M.V. Johansen, P.P. Wang","doi":"10.1017/s0022149x00701003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00701003","url":null,"abstract":"Fourteen pregnant rabbits were each infected with 300 cercariae of <jats:italic>Schistosoma japonicum</jats:italic> and divided into two groups. Group M (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 8) was infected during mid-gestation (the organogenetic stage) and group L (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 6) was infected during late-gestation (the post-organogenetic stage). Mother rabbits and rabbit kittens were killed 45–60 days after infection and perfused in order to obtain worm counts. Furthermore, faecal egg counts and tissue egg counts from livers were obtained from the mother rabbits as well as the rabbit kittens. All mother rabbits became infected harbouring 207.6 ± 20.2 and 220.0 ± 27.5 adult worms in group M and L, respectively. In groups M and L, 13.5% and 46.7% of the kittens were infected, respectively. In 12 of 14 litters at least one kitten was infected. The infected kittens harboured between one and three adult <jats:italic>S. japonicum</jats:italic>. The livers of the kittens infected with a worm pair displaced lesions as a result of egg deposition. The results, therefore, show that congenital transmission of <jats:italic>S. japonicum</jats:italic>can occur in rabbits. The close anatomical resemblance between the rabbit and human placenta may be indicative of the presence of congenital transmission of <jats:italic>S. japonicum</jats:italic> infection in humans.","PeriodicalId":15928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Helminthology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140587352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Setaria digitata infections in cattle: parasite load, microfilaraemia status and relationship to immune response","authors":"M.C. Mohanty, P.K. Sahoo, A.K. Satapathy, B. Ravindran","doi":"10.1017/s0022149x0070112x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x0070112x","url":null,"abstract":"A total of 110 cattle were examined in an area endemic for Bancroftian filariasis for the prevalence of infection of the bovine filarial parasite <jats:italic>Setaria digitata</jats:italic>. About 12.5% of cattle were found to harbour both adult worms in the peritoneum and microfilariae (mf) in circulation; 70% of the cattle were amicrofilaraemic but with an adult worm infection. A third group of cattle (16.5%) was free of detectable mf and adult worms. The presence of adult worms and/or mf did not influence the antibody levels to any of the four antigen preparations of <jats:italic>S. digitata</jats:italic>. However, there was a significant inverse relationship between the presence of antibodies to microfilarial sheaths and the absence of circulating mf as shown by the immunoperoxidase assay. Cattle immunoglobulin containing high titres of anti-sheath antibodies cleared circulating microfilariae very effectively in <jats:italic>Mastomys coucha</jats:italic> thus demonstrating the protective nature of anti-sheath antibodies in eliminating circulating microfilariae <jats:italic>in vivo</jats:italic>.","PeriodicalId":15928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Helminthology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140587416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence and distribution of the entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema spp. and Heterorhabditis indica in Indonesia","authors":"C.T. Griffin, R. Chaerani, D. Fallon, A.P. Reid, M.J. Downes","doi":"10.1017/s0022149x00700812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00700812","url":null,"abstract":"Soil samples from 79 sites on five islands of Indonesia were baited with insects for the recovery of entomopathogenic nematodes. <jats:italic>Heterorhabditis</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Steinernema</jats:italic> were equally prevalent, and were recovered from 11.7% of samples representing 20.3% of sites sampled. Both genera were recovered from coastal sites only. Entomopathogenic nematodes were more prevalent on the Moluccan islands of Ambon and Seram than on Java or Bali. They were not detected on Sulawesi, where non-coastal sites only were sampled. RFLP analysis was used in the identification of nematode isolates. <jats:italic>Heterorhabditis indica</jats:italic> was the only heterorhabditid identified. Two RFLP types of<jats:italic>Steinernema</jats:italic> were identified.","PeriodicalId":15928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Helminthology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140578979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of praziquantel on the strobilar development of Mesocestoides corti in vitro","authors":"L. Britos, L. Domínguez, R. Ehrlich, M. Marín","doi":"10.1017/s0022149x00701052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00701052","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of praziquantel (PZQ) on the strobilar development of the cyclophyllidean cestode <jats:italic>Mesocestoides corti</jats:italic> was explored. <jats:italic>Mesocestoides corti</jats:italic> larvae were cultivated under conditions reported to favour their differentiation to the adult stage. Parasites were exposed to 0.1 μg ml<jats:sup>-1</jats:sup> PZQ for 16 h and subsequently transferred to drug-free medium. The ocurrence of segmentation — an early event of the larval somatic differentiation to the adult worm — was considered as quantitative data. This phenomenon was evidenced earlier in worms transiently exposed to PZQ with respect to control cultures. Moreover, the rate of segmentation of drug-treated worms at the end of the experiment almost doubled that of control worms. To date, no similar effect on any cestode developmental process has been reported for an anthelmintic drug. In the light of the existing knowledge and understanding of PZQ mechanisms of action, the proposed experimental approach could contribute to the elucidation of pathways and mechanisms involved in cestode strobilar development.","PeriodicalId":15928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Helminthology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140579112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Bothriocephalus acheilognathi on the polarization response of pronephric leucocytes of carp, Cyprinus carpio","authors":"P. Nie, D. Hoole","doi":"10.1017/s0022149x00700988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00700988","url":null,"abstract":"An <jats:italic>in vitro</jats:italic> assay was used to examine the effect of <jats:italic>Bothriocephalus acheilognathi</jats:italic> Yamaguti, 1934 (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea) on the polarization response of pronephric leucocytes of carp, <jats:italic>Cyprinus carpio</jats:italic>. Leucocytes, isolated from naive, naturally-infected fish and carp injected intraperitoneally with cestode extracts, were exposed to parasite extracts (protein concentrations 0–10.0 μg ml<jats:sup>-1</jats:sup>), for up to 24 h in the presence or absence of carp serum. In general, polarization responses of the pronephric leucocytes, primarily neutrophils and eosinophils, increased with incubation time although there was no significant difference in the response induced by the different protein concentrations. Differences in the polarization response were, however, observed in naive, naturally infected and injected fish and the cells responded differently in the presence and absence of carp serum. In the absence of carp serum the polarization response of pronephric leucocytes <jats:italic>in vitro</jats:italic> was significantly reduced with cells obtained from injected and naturally infected fish compared with those obtained from naive carp. This suppression of leucocyte migration was however reduced by the addition of carp serum to the <jats:italic>in vitro</jats:italic> system. The role of this interaction between the possible suppression of polarization induced by the parasite and stimulation by serum is discussed.","PeriodicalId":15928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Helminthology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140587350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The occurrence of two opecoeliid digeneans in Mullus barbatus and M. surmuletus","authors":"A. Martínez-Vicaria, J. Martín-Sánchez, P. Illescas, A.M. Lara, M. Jiménez-Albarrán, A. Valero","doi":"10.1017/s0022149x00700848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00700848","url":null,"abstract":"The infection by <jats:italic>Opecoeloides furcatus</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Poracanthium furcatum</jats:italic> (Opecoeliidae) was studied in 121 <jats:italic>Mullus barbatus</jats:italic> and 113 <jats:italic>M. surmuletus</jats:italic> collected from the Spanish south-eastern Mediterranean. The prevalence of infection was most frequent in <jats:italic>M. surmuletus</jats:italic> with values of 81.42% for <jats:italic>O. furcatus</jats:italic> and 38.05% for <jats:italic>P. furcatum</jats:italic>. In <jats:italic>M. barbatus</jats:italic> the prevalences of <jats:italic>O. furcatus</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>P. furcatum</jats:italic> were 54.54% and 14.88% respectively. Statistically significant differences were found between the infection of the two hosts with <jats:italic>P. furcatum</jats:italic>. No significant differences in worm burdens could be attributable to host size or to seasonal changes, although a lower infection of <jats:italic>M. barbatus</jats:italic> by <jats:italic>O. furcatus</jats:italic> occurred in the autumn. Furthermore, the electrophoretic mobility of the enzyme malic dehydrogenase (MDH) was also studied and both digeneans presented different patterns, corresponding in both cases to homozygotic genotypes.","PeriodicalId":15928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Helminthology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140578899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}