Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics最新文献

{"title":"Vertical Structural Evolution of Ionospheric Holes Triggered by Rocket Launches Observed by the Sanya Incoherent Scatter Radar","authors":"Linxuan Zhao,&nbsp;Feng Ding,&nbsp;Xinan Yue,&nbsp;Su Xu,&nbsp;Junyi Wang,&nbsp;Yihui Cai,&nbsp;Mingyuan Li,&nbsp;Ning Zhang,&nbsp;Xu Zhou,&nbsp;Yonghui Wang,&nbsp;Jianyong Li,&nbsp;Tian Mao,&nbsp;Qian Song,&nbsp;Bo Xiong,&nbsp;Xiaolin Li,&nbsp;Junhao Luo","doi":"10.1029/2024JA033171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JA033171","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article presents observational results of the vertical structural evolution of ionospheric holes during two rocket launches. A combination of observations from the newly built Sanya incoherent scatter radar (SYISR) and Global Navigation Satellite System networks was employed. The vertical structural evolution of two rocket-induced ionospheric holes over the SYISR could be divided into three stages. Firstly, 10–11 min after launch, the holes initially appeared in the topside ionosphere. Then, the holes expanded rapidly toward higher and lower altitudes. At ∼30 min after launch, the holes extended to an altitudinal range of ∼200 km to over 700 km. The maximum depletion altitude was 425 km for the afternoon event and 283 km for the midnight event. Finally, the holes recovered slowly, with faster recovery at higher altitudes. Our work contributes to further understanding the vertical structural evolutionary mechanisms of the ionospheric holes and relevant ionospheric processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":15894,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics","volume":"129 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JA033171","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142748953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Juno Observations Set New Constraints on the Electrodynamic Interaction Between Io and Jupiter","authors":"S. Kotsiaros,&nbsp;J. E. P. Connerney,&nbsp;J. Saur,&nbsp;A. Kokkalis,&nbsp;M. Herceg,&nbsp;Y. M. Martos,&nbsp;S. Schlegel,&nbsp;J. L. Jørgensen,&nbsp;S. J. Bolton","doi":"10.1029/2024JA032591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JA032591","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Juno's highly elliptical polar orbits provide unprecedented in-situ observations of the electrodynamic interaction between Jupiter and its volcanic moon Io. These observations occur in regions never sampled before both near Io's orbit and near Jupiter's ionosphere and at distances between the two. Magnetic field data obtained during multiple traversals of magnetic field lines mapping to Io's orbit reveal remarkably rich and complex magnetic signatures near flux tubes connected to Io's orbital position. Here we present a methodology to model the distribution of currents along Io's flux tube (IFT) and Alfvén wings in such a way as to match the magnetic field signature observed during Juno's traversals of the IFT and Alfvén wings downstream of Io. We obtain the location, size and morphology of the current-carrying region as well as the distribution of currents within the IFT and Alfvén wings. The observed field-aligned currents exhibit strong filamentation, with upward and downward currents splitting into secondary cells rather than forming uniform structures. Additionally, there is a strong correlation between total field-aligned current intensity, particle energy flux, and Poynting flux, indicating efficient energy transfer and coupling in the Jupiter-Io system. Using all of Juno's traversals up to perijove (PJ) pass 42, we estimate the strength of the interaction with regards to distance along Io's extended tail, Io's position in the plasma torus and the magnetic field intensity at the footprint in Jupiter's ionosphere, illuminating the interaction of Jovian magnetospheric plasma with Io and setting important constraints in the Io-Jupiter interaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":15894,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics","volume":"129 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JA032591","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142749180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Different Behavior of Density Perturbations Between Dayside and Nightside in the Martian Thermosphere and the Ionosphere Associated With Atmospheric Gravity Waves","authors":"Hiromu Nakagawa,&nbsp;Scott L. England,&nbsp;Aishwarya Kumar,&nbsp;Mehdi Benna,&nbsp;Yuki Harada,&nbsp;Shotaro Sakai,&nbsp;Naoki Terada,&nbsp;Kanako Seki,&nbsp;Nao Yoshida","doi":"10.1029/2024JA032988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JA032988","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To investigate the excitation mechanism of ionospheric perturbations on Mars by the Neutral Gas and Ion Mass Spectrometer (NGIMS) onboard Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN), we categorize ionospheric perturbations into three cases: (a) the ion-neutral coupling cases where ion and neutral perturbations are well coupled, (b) the ion-specific cases where ion perturbations move independently from neutrals, and (c) the coronal mass ejection cases associated with solar wind extreme events. A representative number of cases from total profiles are compared with a numerical model to determine the fraction that can be explained by an atmospheric gravity waves (GW). The neutral perturbations on the dayside at 170–190 km altitudes are in excellent agreement with the GW. Whereas, contrary to previous thoughts, neutral perturbations are not necessarily explained by the GW especially on the nightside at 190–210 km. Ion perturbations on the dayside at 170–190 km also show a good agreement with the GW. The agreement becomes extremely low on the nightside at 190–210 km, reaching the limit of strong ion-neutral coupling around 190 km. Further investigation found that the behavior of the ion perturbations explicitly depends on the dayside and nightside. Its dominant driver potentially differs clearly between dayside and nightside. Statistics of relative perturbations demonstrate a clear effect associated with species scale height in neutrals. Whereas, the correlation between ions and neutrals breaks down at high solar zenith angle near southern dusk. We see currently unexplained behavior that cannot be fully interpreted by GW both at night and near southern dusk.</p>","PeriodicalId":15894,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics","volume":"129 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JA032988","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142749181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence of Magnetic Reconnection in Ganymede's Wake Region From Juno","authors":"J. Joseph,&nbsp;W. S. Kurth,&nbsp;A. H. Sulaiman,&nbsp;J. E. P. Connerney,&nbsp;F. Allegrini,&nbsp;S. Duling,&nbsp;G. Clark,&nbsp;J. B. Faden,&nbsp;C. W. Piker,&nbsp;A. N. Jaynes,&nbsp;B. H. Mauk,&nbsp;S. J. Bolton","doi":"10.1029/2024JA033173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JA033173","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Magnetic reconnection has been commonly reported between the solar wind IMF and the magnetic field of Earth and other planets. A similar phenomenon is expected between Jupiter's magnetosphere and Ganymede's mini magnetosphere inside the Jovian magnetosphere. This article is the first report of a reconnection event in the tail region of Ganymede. We present compelling evidence that Juno flew in close proximity to an X-line, that was not within the tail current sheet, but rather in the turbulent wake area of Ganymede. We report the observation of distinctive electron Bernstein mode waves with unique characteristics particular to a separatrix region of the reconnection site. We detect a clear reversal of a magnetic field component. Electron densities and pitch angle distributions also indicate that Juno possibly traversed the inflow, and outflow region surrounding the separatrix region. Finally, from the time sequence of the observations by the different instruments on Juno, we reconstruct a likely trajectory of Juno around the reconnection site.</p>","PeriodicalId":15894,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics","volume":"129 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JA033173","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142748899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diamond Experiment In the MagnetOSphere (DEIMOS): A Collisionless Shocks and Solar Wind Mission Concept for the Lunar Gateway","authors":"T. Shonibare,&nbsp;K. R. Murphy,&nbsp;I. P. Pakhotin","doi":"10.1029/2024JA032728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JA032728","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the scientific field of collisionless shocks, interplanetary space comprises a critical natural laboratory allowing the study of processes at spatial scales which are impossible to recreate in laboratories on Earth. Despite decades of research, key questions in the dynamics of collisionless shocks including energy transport and exchange remain unresolved due to instrumental limitations. With the return of humanity to the Moon and the upcoming construction of the Lunar Platform: Gateway (LOP-G) space station, the possibility arises to study the pristine solar wind in unprecedented detail, with the space station potentially enabling significant power capacity and data rates which would be challenging to achieve on smaller unmanned spacecraft. The space station's location in a lunar halo orbit allows the study of the solar wind away from the contaminating influence of the terrestrial bow shock. Here we propose to utilize nitrogen-vacancy (NV) diamond technology to combine magnetometer, temperature and plasma density measurements into a single instrument which can sample kHz-range magnetic field with sensitivities on the order of &lt;1e−5 nT, while also sounding the local plasma density and temperature. These capabilities will generate datasets which will contribute significantly to shock science, helping answer key outstanding questions in the field. Simultaneously, these observations will improve understanding of space weather dynamics, contribute to cross-calibrating complementary missions, and probe the lunar exosphere. With the paucity of long-term, high-cadence, high-sensitivity pristine solar wind datasets, the Diamond Experiment In the MagnetOSphere (DEIMOS) will fill a key need for the solar wind and collisionless shocks community.</p>","PeriodicalId":15894,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics","volume":"129 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142749185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of Thunderstorm-Generated Gravity Waves on the Ionosphere-Thermosphere Using TIEGCM-NG/MAGIC Simulations and Comparisons With GNSS TEC, ICON, and COSMIC-2 Observations","authors":"Xian Lu,&nbsp;Haonan Wu,&nbsp;Chris Heale,&nbsp;Scott England,&nbsp;Shunrong Zhang","doi":"10.1029/2024JA032854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JA032854","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We use the TIEGCM-NG nudged by MAGIC gravity waves to study the impacts of a severe thunderstorm system, with a hundred tornado touchdowns, on the ionospheric and thermospheric disturbances. The generated waves induce a distinct concentric ring pattern on GNSS TIDs with horizontal scales of 150–400 km and phase speeds of 150–300 m/s, which is well simulated by the model. The waves show substantial vertical evolution in period, initially dominated by 0.5 hr at 200 km, shifting to 0.25 hr and with more higher-frequency waves appearing at higher altitudes (∼400 km). The TADs reach amplitudes of 100 m/s, 60 m/s, 80 K, and 10% in horizontal winds, vertical wind, temperature, and relative neutral density, respectively. Significantly perturbations in electron density cause dramatic changes in its nighttime structure around 200 km and near the EIA crest. The concentric TIDs are also simulated in ion drifts and mapped from the Tornado region to the conjugate hemisphere likely due to neutral wind-induced electric field perturbations. The waves manage to impact the ionosphere at altitudes of ICON and COSMIC-2, which pass through the region of interest on a total of 8 separate orbits. In situ ion density observations from these spacecrafts reveal periodic fluctuations that frequently show good agreement with the TIEGCM-NG simulation. The O⁺ fraction observations from ICON indicate that the density fluctuations are the result of vertical transport of the ions in this region, which could result from either direct forcing by neutral winds or electrodynamic coupling.</p>","PeriodicalId":15894,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics","volume":"129 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JA032854","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142748900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Derivations of the Total Radiation Belt Electron Content","authors":"Jared C. Pitzel,&nbsp;Christopher M. Cully,&nbsp;Jean-Francois Ripoll,&nbsp;Vivien Loridan,&nbsp;Chia-Lin Huang,&nbsp;Harlan E. Spence,&nbsp;Geoff D. Reeves,&nbsp;Kyle R. Murphy","doi":"10.1029/2024JA032940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JA032940","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;We present multiple derivations of the Total Radiation Belt Electron Content (TRBEC), an indicator of the global number of electrons that instantaneously occupy the radiation belts. Derived from electron flux measurements, the TRBEC reduces the spatial information into a scalar quantity that concisely describes global aspects of the system. This index provides a simple, global, and long-term assessment of the radiation belts that enables systematic analysis. In this work, we examine the TRBEC using the adiabatic invariants of &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mfenced&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;μ&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;K&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;L&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;∗&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mfenced&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; $left(mu ,K,{L}^{ast }right)$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; which has been used in previous articles as this coordinate system removes reversible adiabatic effects. We then introduce a new expression to compute the TRBEC using the non-adiabatic coordinates of &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mfenced&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;E&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;α&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;e&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;q&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;L&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;∗&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mfenced&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; $left(E,{alpha }_{eq},{L}^{ast }right)$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;, relevant in the contexts of energetic electron precipitation, chorus, and hiss scattering where adiabatic invariant quantities are no longer conserved. From both expressions of the TRBEC we demonstrate that an erroneous factor of &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;π&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;3&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; ${(2pi","PeriodicalId":15894,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics","volume":"129 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JA032940","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142749001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy Transport and Conversion Above a Bright Discrete Auroral Arc","authors":"C. C. Chaston","doi":"10.1029/2024JA032870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JA032870","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Magnetically connected observations of particle distributions and luminosity from the Reimei spacecraft are used to examine energy transport and conversion occurring above a discrete auroral arc. By combining imaging and in situ measurements it is shown how transverse electromagnetic and kinetic energy fluxes measured along the spacecraft trajectory converge across geomagnetic field-lines into the acceleration region. It is shown how cross-field energy transport is facilitated by the formation of vortices along the length of the arc. From an integration over the vertical extent of the acceleration region it is shown that the transverse and field-aligned flow of energy into the arc locally supports the dissipation needed to power the electron acceleration observed. Estimates of gradients in electromagnetic and kinetic energy flows show how field-aligned electron energization in the acceleration region is supported by the divergence of Poynting flux along and across the background magnetic field.</p>","PeriodicalId":15894,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics","volume":"129 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JA032870","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142749182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using RISR-N to Resolve Variations in Dayside and Nightside Plasma Density Spatial-Scales","authors":"L. V. Goodwin,&nbsp;M. Ivarsen,&nbsp;L. Lamarche,&nbsp;G. W. Perry,&nbsp;C. Negrea","doi":"10.1029/2024JA032482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JA032482","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To provide new insights into plasma density scale-sizes in the polar cap, irregularity spectra are developed and tracked relative to magnetic local time (MLT) and solar zenith angle (SZA). A novel Incoherent Scatter Radar (ISR) technique is applied to develop spectra between 20 and 300 km using 2016 to 2018 <i>imaginglp</i> mode data from Resolute Bay ISR-North. This technique leverages: (a) volumetric plasma density measurements from Advanced Modular ISRs, (b) the slow F-region cross-field plasma diffusion at scales greater than 10 km, and (c) that high-latitude geomagnetic field lines are nearly vertical. The results of this work find that the largest spectral features within periodograms that use sunlit or dayside plasma densities are predominately above 100 km, indicating that structures that are above 100 km are more common than structures below 100 km in dayside/sunlit plasma. However, the opposite is true when plasma is in the dark or on the nightside, where the largest spectral features are predominately below 100 km. This contrast between the dayside and nightside is symptomatic of photoionization generating structures larger than 100 km, highlighting the role of photoionization or E-region shorting in removing structures less than 100 km or driving larger scale-structures more strongly, and the role of other mechanisms (such as flows, recombination, precipitation, and instabilities) in generating small-scale structures. This paper will discuss these findings in detail, as well as discuss forthcoming works.</p>","PeriodicalId":15894,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics","volume":"129 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142714732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peculiar Nighttime Ionospheric Enhancements Over the Asian Sector During the May 2024 Superstorm","authors":"Fuqing Huang,&nbsp;Jiuhou Lei,&nbsp;Shun-Rong Zhang,&nbsp;Yihan Wang,&nbsp;Zhongli Li,&nbsp;Jiahao Zhong,&nbsp;Rui Yan,&nbsp;Ercha Aa,&nbsp;Zeren Zhima,&nbsp;Xiaoli Luan","doi":"10.1029/2024JA033350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JA033350","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study reports a peculiar nighttime ionospheric enhancement in the total electron content (TEC) from the geostationary (GEO) satellites in response to the geomagnetic superstorm of May 2024. The enhancements occurred at low to mid-latitudes during the storm's recovery phase on 11–12 May, with the TEC values almost twice as high as the quiet ones. Surprisingly, the nighttime ionospheric enhancements sub-rotated westward with a speed of ∼130.5 m/s. The nighttime TEC enhancements lasted ∼5–7 hr for a given location and persisted over half a day over wide longitude ranges. Meanwhile, ionosonde data from two equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) stations showed a higher peak height of the F2 layer, and a significant double-crest EIA structure was observed by both GEO TECs and in situ electron densities from China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite during this period of interest, indicating a possible contribution from disturbance electric fields producing nighttime eastward equatorial electric fields. Nevertheless, it remains a mystery whether the nighttime TEC enhancement and its movement were associated with the wind disturbance dynamo.</p>","PeriodicalId":15894,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics","volume":"129 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142708340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}