Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics最新文献

{"title":"Impact of Solar Proton Events on the Stratospheric Polar Vortex in the Northern Hemisphere: A Quantitative Analysis","authors":"Hui Li,&nbsp;Yaxuan Li,&nbsp;Yuting Wang,&nbsp;Jingkang Sun,&nbsp;Chi Wang","doi":"10.1029/2024JA033068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JA033068","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The stratospheric polar vortex (SPV) profoundly affects northern hemisphere weather and climate, with its dynamics influenced by terrestrial and solar factors. Despite established terrestrial influences, the quantitative effects of solar energetic particles have not yet been fully understood. This study presents a quantitative analysis of 27 intense solar proton events (SPEs) from 1986 to 2020, revealing a significant correlation between the integrated flux of SPEs and enhanced SPV wind speeds across altitudes. Notably, the wind speed enhancements, ranging from 1.8 m/s (15.1%) at 100 hPa to 3.0 m/s (7.3%) at 1 hPa, demonstrate an altitude-dependent pattern, with the greatest impacts of 5.8 m/s (19.1%) at 5 hPa. A partial correlation analysis identifies SPEs as the dominant driver of SPV enhancement in the middle and lower stratosphere, while ultraviolet radiation dominates at the stratopause. We propose a mechanism involving the amplification of the meridional temperature gradient due to differential ozone responses, thereby linking solar activity to the modulation of the SPV. These findings enhance our understanding of solar-terrestrial interactions and their implications for climate modeling.</p>","PeriodicalId":15894,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics","volume":"130 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143809595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of Force-Free Magnetic Structure in the Dayside Ionosphere of Mars","authors":"T. E. Cravens,&nbsp;O. Hamil,&nbsp;A. R. Renzaglia,&nbsp;S. R. Shaver,&nbsp;S. A. Ledvina,&nbsp;C. S. Kennedy","doi":"10.1029/2024JA033365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JA033365","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Magnetic fields measured in the ionosphere of Mars by the magnetometers onboard the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) and the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) spacecraft display a wide range of spatial scales, ranging from global to small-scale. Magnetic structures advect with the plasma flow from the solar wind into the ionosphere via the magnetosheath and the pile-up regions. Structures evolve as they move deeper into the ionosphere. Helical force-free rope-like structures are frequently observed at lower altitudes in the ionospheres of both Venus and Mars. Force-free means that the magnetic forces on a structure are zero (or are very small). MAVEN data and simple magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) analysis are used to study structure evolution in the dayside ionosphere. The Kelvin-Helmholtz instability is shown to be possible for altitudes greater than about 300 km and the Rayleigh-Taylor instability possible for altitudes below about 250 km. The study also explains how structures can become force-free due to the Hall and ambipolar electric field terms in the generalized Ohm's law. Timescales for structure evolution are estimated. The role of force-free ropes and associated field-aligned currents in linking different regions of the ionosphere is discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":15894,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics","volume":"130 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JA033365","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143801274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Penetrating Electric Field With/Without Disturbed Electric Fields During the 7–8 July 2022 Geomagnetic Storm Simulated by MAGE and Observed by ICON MIGHTI","authors":"Qian Wu,&nbsp;Dong Lin,&nbsp;Wenbin Wang,&nbsp;Kevin Pham,&nbsp;Liying Qian,&nbsp;Haonan Wu,&nbsp;Thomas J. Immel,&nbsp;Erdal Yigit","doi":"10.1029/2024JA033240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JA033240","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Penetrating and disturbed electric fields develop during geomagnetic storms and are effective in driving remarkable changes in the nightside low latitude ionosphere over varying time periods. While the former arrive nearly instantaneously with the changes in the solar wind electric field, the latter take more time, requiring auroral heating to modify upper atmospheric winds globally, leading to changes in the thermospheric wind dynamo away from the auroral zones. Such changes always differ from the quiet time state where the winds are usually patterned after daytime solar heating. We use the Multiscale Atmosphere-Geospace Environment model (MAGE) and observations from the NASA Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON) mission to investigate both during the 7–8 July 2022 geomagnetic storm event. The model was able to simulate the penetrating and disturbed electric fields. The simulations showed enhanced westward winds and the wind dynamo induced upward ion drift confirmed by the ICON zonal wind and ion drift observations. The simulated zonal wind variations are slightly later in arrival at the low latitudes. We also see the penetrating electric field opposes or cancels the disturbed electric field in the MAGE simulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":15894,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics","volume":"130 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143786872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetically Quiet-Time Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances Over Mid-Latitude Eastern Europe Observed by the Kharkiv Incoherent Scatter Radar During the 24th Solar Cycle","authors":"Kateryna D. Aksonova,&nbsp;Sergii V. Panasenko,&nbsp;Dalia Buresova,&nbsp;Larisa P. Goncharenko,&nbsp;Shun-Rong Zhang,&nbsp;Igor F. Domnin","doi":"10.1029/2024JA033583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JA033583","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We have detected and characterize traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) in the mid-latitude ionosphere over Europe using data from the Kharkiv incoherent scatter (IS) radar. The study focused on observations near solstices and equinoxes during solar cycle 24 under magnetically quiet conditions. We examined the diurnal, seasonal, and solar activity dependencies of both large-scale (LS) and medium-scale (MS) TIDs, evaluating 140 TID events. Key estimated characteristics included energetic (relative amplitudes), temporal (dominant periods, frequency of occurrence), and spatial (heights of maximum relative amplitudes, vertical and horizontal phase velocities, and wavelengths) parameters. Our findings suggest that moving solar terminators are the primary generation mechanism for magnetically quiet-time LS TIDs, though a contribution from auroral activity cannot be excluded. In contrast, MS TIDs under magnetically quiet conditions are likely initiated from a broader range of sources, including gravity wave dissipation, severe tropospheric convection, coupling processes between the <i>E</i>_s-layer and <i>F</i>-region, polarization electric fields, and Perkins instability. We found a positive correlation between the heights of the maximum relative TID amplitudes and the solar activity for LSTIDs. The TID characteristics obtained during extremely quiet conditions provide a useful context for analyzing the possible TID response to localized energy releases including those of anthropogenic origin. Additionally, they enable improvements in global and regional ionospheric models by clarifying the contribution of wave processes to the overall energy budget of the atmosphere and ionosphere.</p>","PeriodicalId":15894,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics","volume":"130 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JA033583","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143786873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remote Sensing Measurements of the Nighttime D-Region Ionosphere Based on Very Low Frequency Tweek Observations in China","authors":"Xudong Gu,&nbsp;Mengyao Hu,&nbsp;Shiwei Wang,&nbsp;Wei Xu,&nbsp;Binbin Ni,&nbsp;Qingshan Wang,&nbsp;Jingyuan Feng,&nbsp;Wenchen Ma,&nbsp;Wen Cheng,&nbsp;Yufeng Wu,&nbsp;Junjie Zhang","doi":"10.1029/2024JA033609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JA033609","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Tweeks, very low frequency (VLF) electromagnetic signals generated by lightning discharges, are a valuable tool for remote sensing of the D-region ionosphere. Propagating within the Earth-ionosphere waveguide, they encode information about the ionosphere D-region electron density and reflection height. This study analyzed nighttime tweek data from Suizhou Station (31.57°N, 113.32°E) collected between 2018 and 2021, estimating equivalent reflection heights and electron densities using the first-order cut-off frequency. The temporal and spatial variations in these parameters were examined across hourly, daily, monthly, and latitudinal scales, offering new insights into D-region dynamics. Nighttime electron densities were found to range from 20 to 32 el/cm³ in the altitude range of 85–95 km. Reflection height and electron density exhibit clear temporal and spatial patterns. Hourly variations are primarily influenced by residual solar radiation, while daily variations are less consistent, reflecting contributions from multiple ionization sources. Monthly trends display strong seasonality, with reflection heights peaking in summer and decreasing during transitional months. Electron density increases steadily from February to August and declines toward the following February. Reflection heights decrease by approximately 2 km from 5°N to 15°N and rise by 3 km toward 45°N, while electron density increases with magnetic latitude, ranging from 21 el/cm³ at low magnetic latitudes to 31 el/cm³ at higher magnetic latitudes. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of tweeks as a method for nighttime D-region ionospheric remote sensing, providing valuable insights into D-region variation patterns and characteristics. The results hold practical significance for communication, navigation, positioning, and timing applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":15894,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics","volume":"130 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143784297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ionospheric Responses to an Extreme (G5-Level) Geomagnetic Storm Using Multi-Instrument Measurements at the Jicamarca Radio Observatory on 10–11 October 2024","authors":"Ram Singh,&nbsp;Danny E. Scipión,&nbsp;Karim Kuyeng,&nbsp;Percy Condor,&nbsp;Roberto Flores,&nbsp;Edgardo Pacheco,&nbsp;Cesar De La Jara,&nbsp;Edwar Manay","doi":"10.1029/2024JA033642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JA033642","url":null,"abstract":"<p>On 9 October 2024, a fast-moving coronal mass ejection erupted from the Sun and interacted with Earth on October 10 at around 1530 UT, causing a powerful G5-class geomagnetic storm with a Sym-H index of approximately −341 nT. During the storm's main phase, a strong eastward penetration electric field led to enhancement in Equatorial Electrojet (EEJ), 150 km echoes, <i>E</i> × <i>B</i> vertical plasma drift, and virtual <i>F</i>-region height (<i>h</i>′<i>F</i>) over the equator that sustained over 1.5 hr between 1530 and 1700 UT (1030–1200 LT), with maximum increases of 290 nT, 85 m/s, 60 m/s, and 280 km, respectively. The enhanced <i>E</i> × <i>B</i> vertical plasma drift caused a significant increase (50%–100%) and latitudinal extension (∼23–51°N and 18–57°S magnetic latitudes) of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) on both sides of the magnetic equator. During the pre-reversal enhancement hour at 00:00 UT (19:00 LT), the combined effects of eastward penetration and the background electric field strongly enhanced upward <i>E</i> × <i>B</i> vertical plasma drifts to 98 m/s causing plasma bubbles to reach higher altitudes (∼950–1500 km) over Jicamarca, as recorded by incoherent scatter radar. Ionospheric irregularities extended poleward, reaching up to 42°N and 43°S magnetic latitudes. The eastward disturbance dynamo electric field and disturbed thermospheric neutral winds caused the nighttime development of the EIA as well as the prolonged ionospheric rise at the magnetic equator. Continuous oscillations in the EEJ, 150 km echoes, <i>E</i> × <i>B</i> plasma drift, <i>h</i>′<i>F</i>, and ionospheric plasma density associated with disturbance polar currents are noticed.</p>","PeriodicalId":15894,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics","volume":"130 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143784298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electron Phase Space Densities in Geostationary Orbits as Measured With GK2A, GOES-16, and GOES-17 Satellites","authors":"C. H. Lee,&nbsp;J. Seon,&nbsp;W. H. Seol,&nbsp;K. H. Kim,&nbsp;D. E. Larson,&nbsp;G. K. Parks,&nbsp;H. U. Auster,&nbsp;W. Magnes,&nbsp;S. Kraft,&nbsp;D. Y. Lee,&nbsp;A. Boudouridis,&nbsp;P. T. M. Loto'aniu,&nbsp;J. V. Rodriguez","doi":"10.1029/2024JA033161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JA033161","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigated electron phase space densities (PSDs) in geostationary orbits using data from Korea's geostationary satellite, GK2A, as well as GOES-16 and GOES-17 satellites. The PSDs were computed from electron fluxes measured by each satellite during a geomagnetically quiet period as defined by stringent conditions on geomagnetic activity. The conjunction of the satellites over invariant coordinates enabled electron PSDs from pairs of satellites to be compared to assess the extent of deviation of the PSD ratios from the expected ratio of one, as inferred from the Liouville theorem. The results show that PSDs from the satellites are sufficiently consistent to allow the estimation of the radial gradient of the PSDs. Comparisons of radial gradients estimated in this manner show that positive radial gradients prevail during geomagnetically quiet periods, whereas both positive and negative gradients may occur at similar frequencies during active periods. This study provides statistical insights into the physical mechanisms responsible for the observed radial gradient profiles based on findings from a wide range of local times during both geomagnetically quiet and active periods.</p>","PeriodicalId":15894,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics","volume":"130 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JA033161","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143784295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling Jupiter's Dawnside Magnetodisc: Using Juno Observations to Constrain a Radial Force-Balance Model","authors":"G. Provan,&nbsp;J. D. Nichols,&nbsp;S. W. H. Cowley,&nbsp;F. Bagenal,&nbsp;R. J. Wilson","doi":"10.1029/2024JA033658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JA033658","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigates Jupiter's dawnside magnetodisc, using plasma and magnetic field measurements from Juno orbits 5 to 12 to refine a radial force-balance magnetodisc model. This iterative vector potential model examines variations in the azimuthal magnetodisc current, coupled with a magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling model from which the radial current is simultaneously obtained. Three key force-balance parameters are used: the hot plasma parameter (<i>pV</i>, Pa m T⁻¹), the mass outflow rate of cold iogenic plasma, and the height-integrated ionospheric Pedersen conductivity. Axisymmetric equilibrium outputs are compared to Juno's residual magnetic field and heavy ion density data between 15 and 60 R_J. Optimal parameter values for each orbit and overall current distributions are determined. Averaged modeled values are (1.63 ± 0.17) × 10⁷ Pa m T⁻¹ for the hot plasma parameter, 1,340 ± 350 kg s⁻¹ for the mass outflow rate, and 0.26 ± 0.08 mho for the Pedersen conductivity. The overall modeled magnetodisc azimuthal current to 60 R_J is 266 ± 23 MA, varying similarly to the currents determined by Connerney et al. (2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA028138) but typically ∼50 MA larger. Of this total, the hot plasma current 158 ± 13 MA is larger than the cold plasma current 109 ± 23 MA, and dominates in the inner region. The cold plasma current typically becomes the larger component beyond ∼35 R_J and exhibits greater orbit-to-orbit variability. The mass outflow rate from Io is the primary driver of magnetodisc current variability. The north-south summed radial magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling current 104 ± 31 MA is typically ∼40% of the total azimuthal current, with variations that are only weakly correlated.</p>","PeriodicalId":15894,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics","volume":"130 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JA033658","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143784296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cluster Observations of Plasma in the High Latitude Magnetotail Associated With Cusp-Aligned Arcs","authors":"M. K. Mooney,&nbsp;S. E. Milan,&nbsp;M. Lester,&nbsp;I. Dandouras,&nbsp;C. Carr,&nbsp;A. N. Fazakerley","doi":"10.1029/2024JA033252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JA033252","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;During periods of northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), the magnetospheric structure and dynamics are dramatically different compared to the southward IMF case. Previous studies using both observations and simulations have shown that under northward IMF the magnetotail becomes dominated by closed magnetic flux and associated trapped particle populations. In this study, we analyze three intervals of plasma observed in the high latitude magnetotail during a period of prolonged northward IMF, coinciding with observations of cusp-aligned arcs in the polar region. We observe that the plasma is typically observed by all 4 Cluster spacecraft near simultaneously and has some substructure observed on length scales of 0.5–1.5 &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;R&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;E&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; ${mathrm{R}}_{E}$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;. The plasma characteristics in each of the three intervals studied are similar. The ion and electron densities are on the order of &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;10&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; ${10}^{-1}$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;–&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;10&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; ${10}^{0}$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;mtext&gt;cm&lt;/mtext&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;3&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; ${text{cm}}^{-3}$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;. The electron energies typically vary between &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;10&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; ${10}^{2}$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;10&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;3&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; ${10}^{3}$&lt;/anno","PeriodicalId":15894,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics","volume":"130 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JA033252","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Properties of Lower Hybrid Drift Waves and Energy Transfer Near and Inside the Magnetic Reconnection Electron Diffusion Regions","authors":"Narges Ahmadi,&nbsp;Hantao Ji,&nbsp;Jongsoo Yoo,&nbsp;Robert Ergun,&nbsp;Izzy Thomas,&nbsp;Rahul Banka,&nbsp;Emma Schultz-Stachnik,&nbsp;Alma Alex","doi":"10.1029/2024JA033238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JA033238","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We investigate properties of lower hybrid drift waves (LHDWs) near and inside the electron diffusion regions in 17 magnetopause and 9 magnetotail reconnection events using Magnetospheric MultiScale (MMS) mission observations. Our analysis show that LHDW type depend on the electron beta, as electron beta increases LHDWs become more electromagnetic in nature. The energy transfer from electromagnetic fields to particles is higher in electrostatic LHDWs and it is largely in parallel direction with respect to the local magnetic field. Linear dispersion analysis shows that electrostatic LHDWs are perpendicular propagating while electromagnetic waves propagate in oblique directions and the normalized wavenumber of all LHDW types falls within 0.5–0.8 range. A simple estimate on the LHDW nonlinear saturation suggests a possibly important roles played by these waves in supporting the reconnection electric field.</p>","PeriodicalId":15894,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics","volume":"130 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143770491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}