Journal of Integrative Nephrology and Andrology最新文献

{"title":"Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria manifesting as hemolytic anemia with acute kidney injury","authors":"A. Bhawane, M. Balwani, A. Pasari, P. Tolani","doi":"10.4103/jina.jina_12_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jina.jina_12_18","url":null,"abstract":"Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is an acquired disorder characterized by low-grade, chronic hemolytic anemia accompanied by either thrombocytopenia or leukopenia with usually benign kidney involvement secondary to chronic tubular deposition of hemosiderin. Acute kidney injury (AKI) may be seen during hemolytic crisis. We report the case of a 45-year-old man with PNH who developed reversible AKI requiring temporary hemodialysis support following herpes zoster infection.","PeriodicalId":158840,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Nephrology and Andrology","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121291911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute kidney injury: A definition with a rich past and an evolution","authors":"D. Karathanasis, C. Karaolia","doi":"10.4103/jina.jina_6_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jina.jina_6_19","url":null,"abstract":"The term acute kidney injury (AKI) appeared in the society of nephrology in 2004 mirroring a key station of the constant development of the whole entity of acute renal failure. The long route from “acute Bright's disease” in the 19th century to modern “acute kidney stress” reflects the continuous effort of the society of nephrology to set the appropriate criteria and finally to formulate a precise and consensus definition in nomenclature of kidney injury. The most important definitions were the Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss of Kidney Function, and End-Stage Kidney Disease in 2004, Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) in 2007, and Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) in 2012 which had been proposed by the committees of Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative, AKIN, and KDIGO, respectively. Common basis of the above definitions was the clinical-laboratory criteria of urine output and serum creatinine while the target of every newer attempt was to increase the sensitivity of AKI and to offer a globally unified perception in terms of diagnosis and prevention. Since the emersion of KDIGO definition, the interest in defining AKI has been focused on the stage that precedes renal damage by the detection of clinically reliable biomarkers. Subsequently, the concept of acute injury is being lately realized as an attack in correspondence with heart attack or even more as an acute stress which can only be witnessed by the appropriate biomarkers. Recent research is focusing on the discovery of the ideal biomarker which must meet the requirements of high specificity, low cost, and ease of application.","PeriodicalId":158840,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Nephrology and Andrology","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129427484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum magnesium concentration a need for revision especially in renal failure","authors":"M. Malaki","doi":"10.4103/jina.jina_11_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jina.jina_11_18","url":null,"abstract":"Dear Editor, Plasma magnesium concentration is kept within narrow limits. In states of negative magnesium balance, initial losses come from the extracellular space while equilibrium with bone stores does not begin for several weeks. Normal plasma magnesium concentration based on literature is 1.7–2.1 mg/dL (0.7–0.9 mmol, or 1.4–1.8 mEq/L).[1] Half of the total body magnesium is present in soft tissue and another half in bone and 1% is present in the blood. Assessment of total magnesium store is impossible at now and serum magnesium level evaluation cannot show total serum status, magnesium ion measurement has been done in selected centers without approved more beneficial yields. Magnesium has a long biological half‐life after oral supplementation and equilibrates slowly in most tissue including serum. It has been shown that at cut‐off levels of 1.94 mg/dL and 2.19 mg/dL clinical magnesium deficiency occurred in 10% and 1%, respectively. It was shown that serum magnesium concentration (SMC) lower than 2.1 mg/dL increases the risk of Diabetes mellitus type 2 and levels of 0.85 mmol/L or 2.1 mg/dL can be considered as an reasonable lower limit of SMC.[2] Importance of new definition for hypomagnesemia has been more prominent in special conditions because of hypomagnesemia increase mortality in septic and critically ill patients by mechanisms such as increased need for mechanical ventilation and longer duration of ventilation support, irreversible renal dysfunction. in a study magnesium level of 1.5 mg/dL versus 2 mg/dL increases the risk of bacterial infection.[3] In end‐stage renal disease magnesium level below 1.94 mg/dL increase death risk of coronary heart disease up to 33% make that authors were debated about validity of SMC in an accepted reference of 1.7–2.67 mg/dL as a confidential clinical useful reference in clinical affairs; for example the role of magnesium as a protective against vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease is well known and serum magnesium lower than 1.94 mg/dL has been approved that can be associated with increased mortality that obligate clinician to change lower cut off level of SMC as low as 0.8 mmol/L (1.94 mg/dL) but it may not be enough because in patients under hemodialysis after 3 years followed up was shown that serum magnesium under 2.77 mg/dL was associated with higher mortality compared to higher 2.77 mg/dL.[4] Other study goes beyond and shows serum magnesium over 3 mg/dL can decrease soft tissue calcification[5] it can explain why in patients under maintenace hemodialysis normal serum magnesium levels was associated with higher cardiovascular mortality compared to patients with hypermagnesemia.[6]","PeriodicalId":158840,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Nephrology and Andrology","volume":"579 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115973688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial resistance patterns in a tertiary care nephro-urology center in South India","authors":"S. Vijayganapathy, V. Karthikeyan, A. Mallya, Kuthagale Mythri, R. Viswanatha, R. Keshavamurthy","doi":"10.4103/JINA.JINA_16_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JINA.JINA_16_17","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: Urinary tract infections lead to increased hospitalization, direct patient costs, and mortality. Data on the prevalence of common uropathogens and antimicrobial (AM) susceptibility pattern are sparse and it varies geographically. Our aim was to determine AM resistance patterns in a tertiary urological center. Materials and Methods: Data on bacterial uropathogens and AM susceptibility between January 2015 and January 2016 in 1080 significant bacterial isolates were analyzed. Results: The most commonly isolated bacteria were Escherichia coli in 720 (66.6%), Klebsiella species in 170 (15.7%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 80 (7.4%) patients. E. coli from inpatients was susceptible to imipenem (260; 97%), amikacin (212; 79%), piperacillin–tazobactam (206; 77%), nitrofurantoin (198; 73%), and cefoperazone–sulbactam (206; 77%). Klebsiella isolates were sensitive only to imipenem, piperacillin–tazobactam, and cefoperazone–sulbactam. Pseudomonas and Proteus species were sensitive only to imipenem and piperacillin–tazobactam. In outpatients, the common uropathogens showed lesser resistance only to nitrofurantoin (15%–47%). Conclusions: E. coli and Klebsiella are the most common uropathogens. Nitrofurantoin should be the drug of choice in outpatients. In inpatients, beta-lactamase inhibitors and amikacin have good AM sensitivity. Carbapenems should be the first choice AM agents in the intensive care unit.","PeriodicalId":158840,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Nephrology and Andrology","volume":"658 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115123265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An unusual presentation of Burkitt's lymphoma in a renal allograft recipient","authors":"J. Paul, Babu Francis","doi":"10.4103/jina.jina_29_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jina.jina_29_17","url":null,"abstract":"Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs) are rare complication encountered in solid organ transplantation. They can be fatal and often occur within 1 year of transplantation. Often, they are associated with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) reactivation occurring in a setting of immunosuppression. Among PTLDs, Burkitt's lymphoma is uncommon. In this report, we present a renal allograft recipient who presented with late-onset PTLD like Burkitt's lymphoma, 12 years after renal transplantation, and was negative for EBV markers. The clinical presentation of PTLD is often subtle as it usually involves the extranodal sites. The gastrointestinal system is one of the frequent sites involved by PTLD. The diagnosis is confirmed by histopathological analysis including immunohistochemistry (IHC) of the suspected lesion. Analysis for the EBV status of the tumor is of major significance in predicting prognosis. Late-onset PTLD is usually monomorphic and the prognosis is poor if the EBV status is negative. Reduction or even withdrawal of immunosuppression is the pivotal step in the treatment of PTLD along with the use of chemotherapeutic agents and rituximab.","PeriodicalId":158840,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Nephrology and Andrology","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128423549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Renal manifestations of primary Sjogren's syndrome","authors":"T. Dineshkumar, M. Myvizhiselvi, J. Dhanapriya, R. Sakthirajan, N. Gopalakrishnan, T. Balasubramaniyan","doi":"10.4103/JINA.JINA_10_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JINA.JINA_10_18","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: Sjogren's syndrome represents a group of diseases characterized by inflammation and destruction of exocrine glands. Renal involvement in Sjogren's syndrome has been reported in 18.4%–67% of patients. Distal renal tubular acidosis (RTA) was reported more common than proximal RTA which can present as acute hypokalemic paralysis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical picture and the outcome in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome (PSS) with significant renal involvement. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of PSS patients with significant renal involvement in our department. Results: A total of 27 patients were included in the study. The mean age was 39.3 ± 4.5 with a mean follow-up of 42 ± 4.8 months. About 18 patients had hypokalemia associated with paralysis, and 4 patients had hypokalemia without paralysis. Female: male ratio was 12.5:1. Number episodes of hypokalemic paralysis range from 1 to 4. The mean time of recovery was 20.4 ± 4 h, and mean potassium requirement was 190 ± 45 mEq intravenously. The mean serum potassium was 2.51 ± 0.55, mean urinary potassium 32 ± 2.3 mEq/day, mean serum bicarbonate 15.03 ± 1.05 mEq/l, and mean blood pH 7.28 ± 0.9. About twenty had distal RTA, and two had proximal RTA. The clinical symptoms were myalgia in 24 (88%), ocular symptoms in 20 (74%), muscular paralysis (66%), oral in 18 (66%), and dental caries in 12 (44%). Five patients underwent renal biopsy of which two showed acute interstitial nephritis, one showed chronic interstitial nephritis, one showed membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, and one acute tubular injury. Conclusion: The clinical implication of our study is that distal RTA is a common feature of Sjogren's syndrome presenting predominantly as hypokalemic paralysis.","PeriodicalId":158840,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Nephrology and Andrology","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116511371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy is safe and efficient for renal stone <2 cm accompanied with persistent urinary tract infection","authors":"J. Da, M. Xu, Yiwei Wang, Jingshen Zhang, Wenfeng Li, Zhong Wang","doi":"10.4103/JINA.JINA_1_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JINA.JINA_1_18","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: The aim is to study the efficacy and safety of flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy (fURSL) for renal stone with persistent urinary tract infection (UTI). Materials and Methods: We retrospectively included 15 cases of patients diagnosed with renal stone together with persistent UTI, who were treated with fURSL from October 2011 to June 2015. A group of 15 patients diagnosed with renal stone, without any sign of persistent UTI, were set as control group. Standard fURSLs were performed by two experienced urologists. Vital signs, routine blood test and kidney, urine, and bladder were observed as well. The double J stent was removed 2–4 weeks after the operation. Results: All operations were done in one-stage. In UTI group, the average operation time was 30 ± 21 min (15–50 min). The stone-free rate (SFR) was 93.3% (14/15). Two cases (13.3%) of fever were observed after the operation, all happened within 6 h postoperatively, with the highest temperature of 39°C. All patients were cured with antibiotics. Conclusions: It is safe to perform fURSL on renal stone patients with persistent UTI under the protection of sensitive antibiotics. The SFR and postoperative complications were acceptable. Low-pressure irrigation and careful postoperative observation are of great importance for these patients.","PeriodicalId":158840,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Nephrology and Andrology","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131528468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of cyst infection in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: A single-center study","authors":"A. Tanaka, D. Inaguma, Yu Watanabe, Takahiro Mizukawa, Hibiki Shinjo, K. Koike, Y. Otsuka, A. Takeda","doi":"10.4103/JINA.JINA_3_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JINA.JINA_3_18","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: Cyst infections often develop as a complication in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Although this complication has significant clinical implications, reports of cyst infection are extremely limited. Herein, we report on the status of cyst infection in patients with ADPKD to clarify this. Materials and Methods: Among 90 patients with ADPKD admitted to our hospital from 2010 to 2017, we selected those diagnosed with cyst infection. We collected the data from medical record retrospectively. Results: A total of 22 patients, comprising 12 men and 10 women, were included in the study. Infected cysts were identified on imaging in six (27.3%) patients. Bacterial culture was positive in 12 (54.5%) patients. The initial antibiotic treatment was quinolone, cephalosporin, carbapenem, and vancomycin in 7 (31.8%), 11 (50%), 3 (13.6%), and 3 (13.6%) patients, respectively. The mean hospitalization period was 12.0 days (range, 9.25–14.75), while the mean antibiotic treatment period was 26.5 days (range, 21.25–29.50). No patient died. Nine (40.9%) patients had previous episodes of cyst infection, and 11 (50.0%) had recurrence during the study period. The rate of prolonged hospitalization longer than the median of 12 days was higher in patients with maintenance dialysis, although the difference was not significant (80.0% vs. 50.0%, P = 0.1453). In multiple regression analysis, the albumin value showed a negative correlation with the hospitalization period (β-coefficient: −0.4835, 95% confidence interval: −15.5757–−0.9460, P = 0.0290). Conclusion: Patients with ADPKD who have a poor nutritional status may require additional medical attention to avoid prolonged hospitalization.","PeriodicalId":158840,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Nephrology and Andrology","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121661109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Collapsing glomerulopathy with IgA nephropathy","authors":"A. T. Maasila, J. Dhanapriya, T. Dineshkumar, R. Sakthirajan, V. Murugesan, T. Balasubramaniyan, N. Gopalakrishnan","doi":"10.4103/JINA.JINA_9_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JINA.JINA_9_17","url":null,"abstract":"Primary IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerulonephritis globally. Its epidemiology, clinical presentation, histology, and prognosis vary widely. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is frequently seen in IgAN and is an indicator of poor prognosis. Collapsing glomerulopathy (CG) associated with IgAN is rarely seen, and its treatment and prognosis are largely unknown. We present here, two male patients presented with renal failure and nephrotic syndrome. Renal biopsy in the first patient revealed CG with IgAN with significant interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy and hence treated with supportive therapy. In the second patient, concomitant CG and IgAN were diagnosed and started on oral steroids and had partial improvement.","PeriodicalId":158840,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Nephrology and Andrology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123173797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The development of rat models induced by cavernous nerve injury","authors":"Yan-Ping Huang, Mujun Lu, J. Clavell-Hernández, Run Wang","doi":"10.4103/JINA.JINA_2_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JINA.JINA_2_18","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: Erectile dysfunction (ED) caused by iatrogenic cavernous nerve injury (CNI) is a common complication in males undergoing pelvic surgery. Despite the advances in surgical techniques and the regular administration of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5i), recovery from CNI-induced ED remains to be a difficult process. Numerous CNI models have been established to explore the pathogenesis and design effective therapies suitable for human trials. This study aims to examine the studies referring to rat models of CNI induced ED. Methods: A literature review was performed through PubMed using the items “CNI” and “rat model.” We analyzed different types of CNI, the pathophysiology changes after CNI, and current and future strategies of therapy after CNI. Results: A large number of rat models with CNI-induced ED have been established for mimicking ED pathophysiology after radical pelvic surgery. The types of injury include crush, transection, excision, dissection, freezing, electrocautery, and irradiation. The pathophysiological assessments include changes in hemodynamics, nerve structure and morphology, oxidative stress, and inflammation of genes in the corpus cavernosum. The current therapeutic strategies include PDE5i administration, vacuum erection device, and other treatments aiming to decrease known pathologic damages. The future treatment direction may focus on gene transfer, growth factors (nerve and endothelium), cellular scaffolds, and endogenous stem cells to the penis. Conclusions: The CNI rat models are important experimental methods to mimic the nerve damage caused by the treatment of prostate cancer. Many research studies have demonstrated significant pathophysiological changes that occur in rat cavernous bodies after CNI. The ideal model for CNI-induced ED should be explored furthermore to improve the slow recovery of erectile function following CNI.","PeriodicalId":158840,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Nephrology and Andrology","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114562490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}