{"title":"Enhancing the robustness of the 1-D CNN model through NIRS data augmentation based on sparse autoencoder and CARS feature selection for mango DMC determination","authors":"Dongfeng Yang , Jun Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.jfca.2025.108380","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfca.2025.108380","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate, rapid, and online determination of mango dry matter content (DMC) holds great significance for the mango industry. The integration of near-infrared spectroscopy and deep learning theory offers an opportunity to enhance determination accuracy. In this paper, we propose a spectral data augmentation method based on the sparse autoencoder and establish a one-dimensional convolutional model to predict mango DMC. The test results indicate that the model performs optimally when trained on a training set comprising 80 % of the augmented data. The root mean square error (RMSE) of the test set was 0.4073, and the coefficient of determination (R²) was 0.9782. The prediction accuracy of our model surpasses that of models such as Gaussian Process Regression, Support Vector Machines, and Partial Least Squares Regression. This study can assist in fruit quality inspection, processing optimization, variety selection, and breeding, as well as storage and preservation, and has a wide range of application potential and value. It also provides novel insights into data augmentation techniques for near-infrared spectral regression modeling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15867,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Composition and Analysis","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 108380"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xinhao Wang , Meng Yuan , Jiaming Li , Hongting Wang , Pi Cheng , Kaijun Wang , Wei Liu , Xiubin Liu , Jianguo Zeng , Zihui Yang
{"title":"Development and application: Determination of sanguinarine and chelerythrine residues in hen tissues and eggs using a modified UPLC-MS/MS method","authors":"Xinhao Wang , Meng Yuan , Jiaming Li , Hongting Wang , Pi Cheng , Kaijun Wang , Wei Liu , Xiubin Liu , Jianguo Zeng , Zihui Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jfca.2025.108381","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfca.2025.108381","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Boluohui San</em>, a traditional Chinese veterinary medicine, is widely used in livestock farming. However, comprehensive safety risk assessment of residues from its primary active constituents, sanguinarine (SAN) and chelerythrine (CHE), remain critically inadequate. In this research, an UPLC-MS/MS was employed to investigate the residue elimination profiles of SAN and CHE in edible tissues and eggs of laying hens. <strong>The methodological validation results demonstrated that the LOD, LOQ, linearity, selectivity, stability, matrix effects and recoveries were all met the acceptance criteria.</strong> The residue levels of SAN and CHE in eggs peaked on the first day post-treatment cessation, reaching concentrations of 6.03 ± 1.32 μg/kg and 1.50 ± 0.08 μg/kg, respectively. Subsequently, residues progressively declined, falling below the LLOQ by day 10 post-cessation for SAN and day 3 for CHE. In tissues, SAN and CHE residues were predominantly detected in the heart, liver, and kidneys, with the highest concentrations observed in the liver (SAN: 22.63 ± 0.21 μg/kg; CHE: 16.03 ± 0.53 μg/kg). SAN residues declined below the MQL by day 10 post-cessation, while CHE residues fell below the MQL by day 3. In conclusion, the results demonstrating the safety of long-term dietary supplementation with <em>Boluohui San</em> in layer diets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15867,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Composition and Analysis","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 108381"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Traceability and authenticity identification of northeast rice based on portable energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence (p-XRF)","authors":"Jian Xiao , Alin Xia , Tao Geng , Youcheng Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.jfca.2025.108379","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfca.2025.108379","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (p-XRF) combined with chemometrics was developed for the identification of the traceability and authenticity of rice. Two-way and three-way XRF data are obtained by changing the measurement voltage and current. Random forest (RF), k-nearest neighbor (KNN), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and N-way partial least squares discriminant analysis (N-PLS-DA) are used to establish the classification model. The results show that the N-PLS-DA model successfully classified all rice brands with 100 % accuracy. Only one sample with the lowest adulteration level (10 %) was misclassified, outperforming PLS-DA, KNN, and RF models. In addition, PLSR and N-PLSR are used to predict the adulteration level. N-PLSR performed better than PLSR, with the RMSEP < 4.84 % and R<sub>p</sub><sup>2</sup> > 0.97. The study shows that the combination of three-way XRF data with chemometrics is more effective for the traceability and authenticity identification of rice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15867,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Composition and Analysis","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 108379"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Agar-carboxymethyl cellulose sodium-based indicator integrated with CuO nanosheets for freshness monitoring of grass carp","authors":"Kun Wang , Xiaoshi Wu , Guiying Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jfca.2025.108335","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfca.2025.108335","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A smart indicator was developed from agar-carboxymethyl cellulose sodium-based film integrated with copper oxide nanosheets (CuO NSs) for detection of hypoxanthine (Hx) content. CuO nanostructures (NSs) were synthesized via a hydrothermal method and incorporated into thin films composed of agar and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-Na) to produce smart indicators with peroxidase-like activity. These indicators catalyzed the generation of hydrogen peroxide from hypoxanthine (Hx) and reacted with the chromogenic substrate 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to induce a color change, thereby enabling the colorimetric determination of Hx concentration. Experimental results demonstrated that the CuO NSs exhibited significant enzyme-mimetic activity, with catalytic performance positively correlated with their concentration. In practical applications, the contents of Hx and total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) in grass carp samples increased with the prolonged storage time, and the observed color change of the smart indicators corresponded well with the loss of freshness in aquatic products. This method is simple and highly responsive, offering a novel and efficient approach for the rapid and accurate assessment of aquatic product freshness with promising application prospects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15867,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Composition and Analysis","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 108335"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peipei Zhou , Qi Jing , Huili Wang , Xuedong Wang , He Mei
{"title":"Magnetic covalent organic frameworks confined by ionic liquids for efficient enrichment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in edible oils","authors":"Peipei Zhou , Qi Jing , Huili Wang , Xuedong Wang , He Mei","doi":"10.1016/j.jfca.2025.108369","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfca.2025.108369","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Increasing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pollution in dietary is becoming a significant worldwide problem due to their direct threat to human health. To achieve rapid and sensitive detection of PAHs, nanocomposites were fabricated by confining ionic liquids (ILs) within magnetic covalent organic frameworks (MCOFs). After the confinement of [C<sub>8</sub>MIM][PF<sub>6</sub>] into MCOFs, the resulting MCOF@8 C maintained high crystallinity comparable to that of the pristine MCOF, limited the diffusion of ILs and reduced the aggregation effect caused by their high viscosity. The MCOF@8 C/HPLC-FLD method gave low detection limits (0.01–0.15 µg kg<sup>−1</sup>), good recoveries (85.32–99.57 %) with RSDs ≤ 5.03 % for seven PAHs congeners across five types of edible oils. In general, this study not only provides an excellent substitute for conventional multifunctional composites, but also develops a superior methodology for monitoring trace-level PAHs in complicated food matrices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15867,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Composition and Analysis","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 108369"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tarik Chileh-Chelh , Mohamed Ezzaitouni , El-Hassan Belarbi , José Luis Guil-Guerrero
{"title":"Mediterranean wild edible plants as promising sources of less-polar bioactive compounds: Fatty acids, carotenoids, tocopherols, and sterols","authors":"Tarik Chileh-Chelh , Mohamed Ezzaitouni , El-Hassan Belarbi , José Luis Guil-Guerrero","doi":"10.1016/j.jfca.2025.108370","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfca.2025.108370","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study characterised less-polar phytochemicals in twelve wild edible plants (WEPs) from the Mediterranean region, with a view to emphasising their potential role in sustainable diets. The plants under consideration were collected from southern Spain and Portugal, and represent genera such as <em>Amaranthus</em>, <em>Mesembryanthemum</em>, <em>Sisymbrium</em>, <em>Sonchus</em>, <em>Cynara</em>, and <em>Asparagus</em>. The analysis focused on a range of bioactive compounds, including fatty acids, carotenoids, tocopherols, phytosterols, and squalene, which are recognised for their health-promoting properties. <em>Amaranthus viridis</em>, <em>Sonchus tenerrimus</em>, and <em>Sisymbrium irio</em> were notable for their high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly α-linolenic acid, contributing to favourable <em>n</em>-6/<em>n</em>-3 ratios. These species also contained significant amounts of lutein and β-carotene, which are important for provitamin A intake. Phytosterols (stigmasterol, campesterol, β-sitosterol) and tocopherols (mainly α- and γ-isomers) were found in high concentrations in several <em>Cynara</em> and <em>Asparagus</em> species. These findings lend support to the value of WEPs as both traditional foods and potential sources for functional foods or nutraceuticals. Their incorporation into contemporary diets has the potential to enhance public health, promote dietary diversity, and assist in the preservation of agroecological heritage. Further studies are required on bioavailability, culinary uses, and consumer acceptance to fully unlock the potential of the subject.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15867,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Composition and Analysis","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 108370"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assessing harvest date and shelf-life of apples by combining conventional methods and Raman microscopy","authors":"Ana Sredojevic , Dragan Radivojevic , Steva M. Levic , Milica Fotiric Aksic , Jasminka Milivojevic , Milena Djordjevic , Slavica Spasojevic , Ilija Djekic","doi":"10.1016/j.jfca.2025.108376","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfca.2025.108376","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Harvest date strongly affects apple eating quality and postharvest life. This study examined how conventional and advanced methods can be combined to determine optimal harvest date and shelf-life for two apple varieties, Braeburn and Golden Delicious. Apples were sampled at three harvest dates over a 15-day shelf-life. Texture analysis showed that Golden Delicious was mainly affected by the interaction between harvest date and shelf-life, whereas Braeburn responded more to individual factors. Both varieties showed color changes during shelf-life, with Braeburn browning faster (Browning Index from 73.91 ± 11.88 on day 0–91.61 ± 11.99 on day 15) while Golden Delicious remained stable (∼62). Maturity indices, including starch degradation, soluble solids, and acidity, were significantly influenced by harvest date and shelf-life. Starch quantification confirmed this trend, with Braeburn maintaining more stable levels (0.46 ×10 ³–0.49 ×10 ³ Optical density) compared to Golden Delicious, which showed a temporary reduction and re-increase due to over-ripening (0.77 ×10 ³–0.42 ×10 ³ Optical density). Raman microscopy supported these findings by detecting starch breakdown into sugars. Clustering analysis revealed clearer separation by harvest date in Golden Delicious, while Braeburn exhibited less variation. Overall, combining traditional and advanced techniques improved assessment of apple ripening and postharvest performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15867,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Composition and Analysis","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 108376"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
João Siopa , Miguel Ribeiro , Fernanda Cosme , Fernando M. Nunes
{"title":"Survey of acrylamide in marketed biscuits and industrial mitigation via dough composition and asparaginase","authors":"João Siopa , Miguel Ribeiro , Fernanda Cosme , Fernando M. Nunes","doi":"10.1016/j.jfca.2025.108375","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfca.2025.108375","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acrylamide, a compound formed during the Maillard reaction, raises health concerns due to its presence in several heat-processed foods, prompting the European Union (EU) to recommend limits. This study surveyed acrylamide levels in commercialized biscuits. We optimized the analytical clean-up steps (using PVPP/PSA before and after derivatization) to address specificity and recovery issues in existing methods for these samples analyzed by GC-MS in SIM mode. The validated method demonstrated good precision (∼25 %), accuracy (87– 120 %), and a 1.34 μg/kg detection limit. Among 15 commercial biscuits, 27 % exceeded EU acrylamide limits, while 13 % had undetectable levels and 60 % were below benchmarks. Acrylamide levels correlated with asparagine content in doughs (r = 0.943, <em>p < 0.05</em>), especially in biscuits with high-asparagine content apple powder. Other influencing factors included reducing sugars and free amino acids in doughs. Industrial asparaginase use reduced acrylamide by 74.6– 100 %, though less effectively in apple powder biscuits due to their inherent asparagine and structural characteristics. Both biscuit dough composition, mainly the use of non-reducing sucrose as sweetener, and especially asparaginase use in the doughs without changing its composition are efficient approaches for reducing or even eliminate the formation of acrylamide in biscuits at industrial scale.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15867,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Composition and Analysis","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 108375"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhuohua Kong , Xinyu Lu , Liping Deng , Guixia Tan , Xia Gong , Xuemin Duan , Yangping Wen , Jingkun Xu
{"title":"Ultrasensitive detection of tetracycline in animal-derived food via molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor enabled by bimetallic organic framework/carboxyl multi-walled carbon nanotube nanocomposite","authors":"Zhuohua Kong , Xinyu Lu , Liping Deng , Guixia Tan , Xia Gong , Xuemin Duan , Yangping Wen , Jingkun Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.jfca.2025.108378","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfca.2025.108378","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The irrational use of tetracycline (TC) in livestock production has led to the contamination of animal-derived food with TC residues, posing significant risks to human health. To address this issue, we developed a molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor for highly sensitive and selective detection of TC using a composite of both bimetallic organic framework and carboxyl multi-walled carbon nanotubes (ZnCo-MOF/COOH-MWCNTs). This synergistic material combines the high surface area of ZnCo-MOF for enhanced adsorption and the conductivity of COOH-MWCNT for signal amplification, significantly improving the sensor’s performance. Electro-polymerization of the molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) on the electrode surface further amplifies the signal response and enables selective recognition of TC through complementary cavities. The developed sensor achieved a wide linear detection range (0.1 – 100 μM) and an ultralow detection limit of 0.067 μM. The proposed method demonstrated recoveries of 96.4 % – 107.1 % with RSDs < 2.3 % when applied to detect TC in milk, egg, and pork samples, validated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This work provides a reliable and rapid method for monitoring TC residues in food, advancing food safety regulation and public health protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15867,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Composition and Analysis","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 108378"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Novel recombinant human serum albumin-SPE systems for ochratoxin A determination – Application in beer analysis","authors":"Diana G. Rodrigues , Tatiana Q. Aguiar , Lucília Domingues , Luís Abrunhosa","doi":"10.1016/j.jfca.2025.108382","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfca.2025.108382","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin that raises food safety concerns in several products, requiring analytical control. Aiming to develop an alternative to immunoaffinity columns (IACs) for OTA extraction and clean-up, recombinant human serum albumin (rHSA) was explored as an affinity bioreceptor for solid-phase extraction (SPE) applications. rHSA was obtained from <em>Pichia pastoris</em> fused with a C-terminal His6 tag and immobilized on Ni-NTA agarose resin (rHSA-SPE) and Ni-charged magnetic beads (rHSA-MSPE). Developed rHSA-SPE displayed better recoveries than rHSA-MSPE (92–102 % <em>vs</em> 62–98 %) and effectively captured, cleaned, and pre-concentrated OTA from beer, achieving sensitivity comparable to that of the IAC method. Tests also revealed the stability of rHSA-SPE up to 4 cycles of use. The OTA quantified using rHSA-SPE in commercial beer samples and a certified OTA-beer matrix was consistent with commercial IAC analyses: 0.029/0.022 μg·L<sup>−1</sup> (Beer-A), 0.031/0.025 μg·L<sup>−1</sup> (Beer-B), 0.015/0.010 μg·L<sup>−1</sup> (Beer-C), and 0.329/0.320 μg·L<sup>−1</sup> (certified matrix), respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15867,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Composition and Analysis","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 108382"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}