{"title":"Velocity Dependence of Dynamic Rock Friction Modulated by Dynamic Rupture in High-Speed Friction and Stick-Slip Tests","authors":"Xiaofeng Chen, Omid Saber, Frederick M. Chester","doi":"10.1029/2024JB030402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JB030402","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rock friction tests have made profound contributions to our understanding of earthquake processes. Most rock friction tests focused on fault strength evolution during velocity steps or at specific slip rates and the characteristics during stick-slip events such as dynamic rupture propagation and the transition from stable sliding to instability, with little attention paid to the transient acceleration and deceleration periods. Here, we present Westerly Granite fault friction test results using a unique pneumatically powered apparatus with high acceleration of up to 50 g, focusing on the transient stages of fast fault acceleration and deceleration during both high-speed sliding and stick-slip events. Our data demonstrates the dominating velocity-weakening behavior at transient stages of fault acceleration and deceleration, with a 1/V dependence for peak friction and deceleration lobe consistent with the flash-heating model but with the acceleration lobe consistently deviating from the 1/V dependence. Our analysis of velocity-dependent friction between dynamic rupture events, stick-slips, and high-speed friction tests reveals the significance of high acceleration in influencing transient fault weakening during dynamic weakening. We further demonstrate that the deviation of the friction-velocity curve from the 1/V trend during fault acceleration is associated with the contribution of the dynamic rupturing process during the initiation of fault slip.</p>","PeriodicalId":15864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","volume":"130 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143639320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elena Spagnuolo, Stefano Aretusini, Giulio Di Toro, Paola Vannucchi
{"title":"Experimental Study of Transient Fault Slip and Accelerated Creep in Shallow Subduction Zones (Sunda Megathrust, Indian Ocean)","authors":"Elena Spagnuolo, Stefano Aretusini, Giulio Di Toro, Paola Vannucchi","doi":"10.1029/2024JB029686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JB029686","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Strain accumulation and release in shallow sections of subduction zones results in a broad variety of fault slip behaviors, from slow aseismic creep to abrupt coseismic slip. The variety of slip styles in megathrust environments remains a matter of debate although the role of pressurized fluids is increasingly substantiated. Yet, understanding the lithological characteristics of sediments in the shallow portion of megathrusts significantly contributes to this debate and can be elucidated through a suite of experiments also accounting for the loading history. Compelling evidence originates from 49 newly conceived friction experiments performed under water depleted, dampened, and pressurized conditions on sediments with varying composition sampled during the Oceanic Drilling IODP Exp. 362 ∼225 km seaward of the Sunda trench. Experiments were performed under velocity- (imposed slip pulses) and shear stress- (spontaneous slip pulses) control conditions. The experiments documented that sediments are frictionally strong, leading to acceleration of creep, transient slip instabilities and eventually seismic slip. However, depending on the water content and composition, the same sediments are also frictionally weak, enough to store limited elastic strain energy and arrest or decelerate slip instabilities. Our experiments highlight the relevance of compositional-dependent frictional properties on the heterogeneous coseismic slip distribution to the trench, afterslip and transient slip events in the area that hosted the 2004 Mw9.2 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake.</p>","PeriodicalId":15864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","volume":"130 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JB029686","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reining-In the Spring-Slider With Reinforcement Learning","authors":"Ryan Schultz","doi":"10.1029/2024JB029697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JB029697","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Subsurface fluids are important to earthquake physics since they influence every phase of the earthquake cycle: from inducing earthquakes, generating slow slip, dynamically weakening a fault, to producing afterslip. Despite this prominent role, comparatively little thought has been directed toward intentionally controlling fault slip. I take the spring-slider as the simplest analogue for earthquake-like motion and train a deep reinforcement learning agent to design fluid injection that reins-in slip motion (i.e., controls slip velocity). These reining algorithms can mitigate stick-slip instability via a three-step injection policy. First, by injecting to induce slip nucleation; second, by harnessed withdrawal that governs slip speed; third, by injection-driven steady-state sliding. These numerical simulations are supported by theoretical derivations that show fault slip acceleration can be reined-in by balancing pressurization rate with state evolution changes. I discuss the relevance to prior studies, robustness of the algorithms, and discuss potential limitations/solutions to scaled-up problems. Together, these results suggest that spring-sliders could be tamed with a carefully designed injection policy.</p>","PeriodicalId":15864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","volume":"130 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Junpeng Li, Baolong Zhang, Sidao Ni, Han Zhang, Vernon F. Cormier
{"title":"Strong Lateral Variations of Small-Scale Crustal Scattering Across the Eastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau: Implications for Geodynamic Processes","authors":"Junpeng Li, Baolong Zhang, Sidao Ni, Han Zhang, Vernon F. Cormier","doi":"10.1029/2024JB030665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JB030665","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The eastern margin of the Tibetan plateau is characterized by dramatic variations in topography and crustal thickness, as well as pronounced large-scale lateral heterogeneity. Small-scale heterogeneities could indicate variations in material composition and dynamic processes, which have been less studied in this area. Here, we analyze direct <i>P</i>-, <i>S</i>-wave and their coda from ∼61,000 three-component seismograms in the frequency band of 2–4 Hz. By fitting observed envelope functions using a 3D radiative transport theory algorithm, we constructed two-layer models of intrinsic attenuation and small-scale scattering structures for the crust of Sichuan Basin (<i>Qs</i><sub><i>sedi</i></sub> ≈ 125, <i>ε</i><sub><i>sedi</i></sub> ≈ 15.0%–17.5%; <i>Qs</i><sub><i>crust</i></sub> ≈ 450–500, <i>ε</i><sub><i>crust</i></sub> ≈ 3.0%) and Tibetan Plateau (<i>Qs</i><sub><i>upcr</i></sub> ≈ 275, <i>ε</i><sub><i>upcr</i></sub> ≈ 9.0%; <i>Qs</i><sub><i>lwcr</i></sub> ≈ 200–225, <i>ε</i><sub><i>lwcr</i></sub> ≈ 2.0%) regions, respectively. The sedimentary layer of the Sichuan Basin displays strong scattering and intrinsic attenuation, suggesting a porous, potentially fluid-rich structure, which aligns with the presence of abundant oil and gas resources. The relatively weak scattering and intrinsic attenuation in the Sichuan Basin's crust indicate its nature as an ancient, stable geological block. The lower crust of the Tibetan Plateau shows stronger intrinsic attenuation than the upper crust but significantly weaker scattering, suggesting the presence of a high-temperature, viscous flow structure in the region. The upper crust of the Tibetan Plateau exhibits significantly stronger scattering and intrinsic attenuation compared to that of the Sichuan Basin, reflecting the extensively faulted and fractured structure due to ongoing tectonic collisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":15864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","volume":"130 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Francesco Mosconi, Elisa Tinti, Emanuele Casarotti, Alice-Agnes Gabriel, Antonio Pio Rinaldi, Luca Dal Zilio, Massimo Cocco
{"title":"Modeling the 3D Dynamic Rupture of Microearthquakes Induced by Fluid Injection","authors":"Francesco Mosconi, Elisa Tinti, Emanuele Casarotti, Alice-Agnes Gabriel, Antonio Pio Rinaldi, Luca Dal Zilio, Massimo Cocco","doi":"10.1029/2024JB029621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JB029621","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Understanding the dynamics of microearthquakes is a timely challenge with the potential to address current paradoxes in earthquake mechanics, and to better understand earthquake ruptures induced by fluid injection. We perform fully 3D dynamic rupture simulations caused by fluid injection on a target fault for Fault Activation and Earthquake Ruptures experiments generating <i>M</i><sub>w</sub> ≤ 1 earthquakes. We investigate the dynamics of rupture propagation with spatially variable stress drop caused by pore pressure changes and assuming different slip-weakening constitutive parameters. We show that the spontaneous arrest of propagating ruptures is possible by assuming a high fault strength parameter S, that is, a high ratio between strength excess and dynamic stress drop. In faults with high S values (low rupturing potential), even minor variations in <i>D</i><sub>c</sub> (from 0.45 to 0.6 mm) have a substantial effect on the rupture propagation and the ultimate earthquake size. Modest spatial variations of dynamic stress drop determine the rupture mode, distinguishing self-arresting from run-away ruptures. Our results suggest that several characteristics inferred for accelerating dynamic ruptures differ from those observed during rupture deceleration of a self-arresting earthquake. During deceleration, a decrease of peak slip velocity is associated with a nearly constant cohesive zone size. Moreover, the residual slip velocity value (asymptotic value for a crack-like rupture) decreases to nearly zero. This means that an initially crack-like rupture becomes a pulse-like rupture during spontaneous arrest. These findings highlight the complex dynamics of small induced earthquakes, which differ from solutions obtained from conventional crack-like models of earthquake rupture.</p>","PeriodicalId":15864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","volume":"130 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JB029621","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143632672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thales Pescarini, Ricardo I. F. Trindade, David A. D. Evans, Joseph L. Kirschvink, James Pierce, Henrique A. Fernandes
{"title":"Magnetic Mineralogy and Paleomagnetic Record of the Nama Group, Namibia: Implications for the Large-Scale Remagnetization of West Gondwanaland and Its Tectonic Evolution","authors":"Thales Pescarini, Ricardo I. F. Trindade, David A. D. Evans, Joseph L. Kirschvink, James Pierce, Henrique A. Fernandes","doi":"10.1029/2024JB030612","DOIUrl":"10.1029/2024JB030612","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The late Ediacaran to early Cambrian witnessed significant Earth system changes, including animal life diversification and an enigmatic paleomagnetic record. This study focuses on the Nama Group, a key geological unit for understanding the Ediacaran-Cambrian transition. Previous paleomagnetic studies in the Nama Group identified complex remagnetization patterns but lacked a detailed examination of remanence carriers. To address this, we conducted a series of rock magnetic experiments on unweathered borehole core samples to better constrain the remagnetization mechanisms. Thermal demagnetization identified two magnetic components. <i>C</i><sub>1</sub>, a recent viscous remanent magnetization, used for borehole core orientation, and <i>C</i><sub>2</sub>, a stable remagnetization component carried by single-domain (SD) pyrrhotite and magnetite. Magnetic mineralogy and paleomagnetic data suggest that the remanence acquisition mechanism of <i>C</i><sub>2</sub> is best explained by thermoviscous remanent magnetization (TVRM) and thermal remanent magnetization (TRM), rather than chemical remanent magnetization (CRM). The presence of low unblocking temperatures, coupled with thermochronological evidence of prolonged heating during tectonic collisions and subsequent cooling, supports this interpretation. The remagnetization event is linked to the final consolidation of West Gondwanaland during the late stages of megacontinent assembly (∼490–480 Ma), coinciding with regional uplift and a stable geomagnetic field during the Moyero reverse superchron. These findings challenge the CRM hypothesis, as the quasi-synchronous remagnetization across cratonic blocks and the predominance of single reverse polarity are better explained by thermal processes. This study highlights the critical role of thermoviscous relaxation in large-scale remagnetization and provides new insights into the tectonic evolution of West Gondwanaland.</p>","PeriodicalId":15864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","volume":"130 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143627735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yijie Zhu, Kelin Wang, Tianhaozhe Sun, Matias Carvajal, Jiangheng He
{"title":"On Dislocation Modeling of Megathrust Tsunami Sources","authors":"Yijie Zhu, Kelin Wang, Tianhaozhe Sun, Matias Carvajal, Jiangheng He","doi":"10.1029/2024JB030903","DOIUrl":"10.1029/2024JB030903","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Modeling tsunamis due to subduction earthquakes for scientific research and hazard assessment requires accurate quantification of coseismic seafloor deformation. Although the widely used analytical model of shear dislocation in a uniform elastic half space can accommodate complex fault geometry and slip distribution, it fails to capture the sloping seafloor topography and heterogeneous rock rigidity (shear modulus) in real subduction zones. In practice, these real-world complexities are either ignored or addressed by adjusting fault geometry and/or applying corrections to the deformation results, with consequences poorly understood. This study investigates the validity or errors of these simplifications by comparing dislocation model results with those from finite element models that account for these complexities. Our analysis reveals that the absence of the seafloor slope can be accurately compensated by adjusting the shallow geometry of the megathrust such that the fault depth below the flat model surface approximates the actual fault depth below the seafloor. Effects of short-wavelength bathymetry can be effectively incorporated by adding a commonly used gradient-based correction. For slip-to-trench ruptures, it is crucial to adjust fault geometry to ensure that the fault reaches the model surface at the trench; otherwise, the abrupt slip termination at a small depth creates an uplift spike which is a commonly seen artifact in tsunami source models. Our findings highlight the secondary or minimal effects of heterogeneous rigidity on tsunamigenic deformation if fault slip is kinematically assigned. This research offers guidance for the development of more accurate tsunami source models using analytical dislocation solution.</p>","PeriodicalId":15864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","volume":"130 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JB030903","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143619002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Amphibole Compositions Record Cold Post-Emplacement Reequilibration in Plutons","authors":"Ke Gao, C. Brenhin Keller, Changqian Ma","doi":"10.1029/2024JB030122","DOIUrl":"10.1029/2024JB030122","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The mechanisms that govern the storage and assembly of magmatic systems are fundamental to understanding the evolution of the continental crust and volcanic hazards. Despite extensive research, the mechanisms differentiating volcanic and plutonic magmatism remain unresolved, particularly regarding discrepancies between mineral compositions and whole-rock geochemistry. Here, we consider thermodynamic modeling and statistical geothermometry of a global dataset of amphibole-bulk rock pairs from arc-derived igneous rocks. Our analysis reveals that arc plutonic amphibole records systematically colder conditions and more felsic equilibrium melts than their volcanic equivalents, for a given whole-rock composition. We find that these discrepancies cannot be explained by melt extraction alone, and instead reflect low-temperature reequilibration during protracted residence at near-solidus temperatures after emplacement. The absence of such reequilibration in volcanic rocks, despite increasing evidence for pre-eruptive cold storage in volcanic systems, emphasizes the fundamental differences between volcanism and plutonism.</p>","PeriodicalId":15864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","volume":"130 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143618983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christophe Galerne, Alban Cheviet, Wolf-Achim Kahl, Christin Wiggers, Wolfgang Bach, Florian Neumann, Martine Buatier, Tobias W. Höfig, Daniel Lizarralde, Andreas Teske, Manet Peña-Salinas, Jens Karstens, Christoph Böttner, Christian Berndt, Ivano W. Aiello, Kathleen M. Marsaglia, Swanne Gontharet, Henning Kuhnert, Joann Stock, Raquel Negrete-Aranda, Junli Zhang, Achim Kopf
{"title":"Sill Stacking in Subseafloor Unconsolidated Sediments and Control on Sustained Hydrothermal Systems: Evidence From IODP Drilling in the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California","authors":"Christophe Galerne, Alban Cheviet, Wolf-Achim Kahl, Christin Wiggers, Wolfgang Bach, Florian Neumann, Martine Buatier, Tobias W. Höfig, Daniel Lizarralde, Andreas Teske, Manet Peña-Salinas, Jens Karstens, Christoph Böttner, Christian Berndt, Ivano W. Aiello, Kathleen M. Marsaglia, Swanne Gontharet, Henning Kuhnert, Joann Stock, Raquel Negrete-Aranda, Junli Zhang, Achim Kopf","doi":"10.1029/2024JB030354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JB030354","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Magma emplacement in the top unconsolidated sediments of rift basins is poorly understood. We compare two shallow sills from the Guaymas Basin (Gulf of California) using core data and analyses from IODP Expedition 385, and high-resolution 2D seismic data. We show that magma stalling in the top uncemented sediment layer is controlled by the transition from siliceous claystone to uncemented silica-rich sediment, favoring flat sill formation. Space is created through a combination of viscous indentation, magma-sediment mingling and fluidization processes. We show that sills emplace above the opal-A/CT diagenetic barrier. Our model suggests that in low magma input regions sills emplace at constant depth from the seafloor, while high magma input leads to upward stacking of sills, culminating in a funnel-shaped intrusions. Our petrophysical, petrographic, and textural analyses show that magma-sediment mingling creates significant porosity (up to 20%) through thermal cracking of the assimilated sediment. Stable isotope data suggest carbonate formation at 70–90°C, consistent with background geothermal gradient at 250–325 m depth. The unconsolidated, water-rich host sediments produce little thermogenic gas through contact metamorphism, but deep diagenetically formed gas bypasses the low-permeability top sediments via hydrothermal fluids flowing through the magma plumbing system. This hydrothermal system provides a steady supply of hydrocarbons at temperatures amendable for microbial life, serving as an incubator that may be abundant in magma-rich young rift basins and play a key role in sustaining subseafloor ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":15864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","volume":"130 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JB030354","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143602698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Seismic Wavefield Change Preceding the Eruption of Shinmoe-Dake, Kirishima Volcano, Japan, Inferred From Polarization Analysis","authors":"Takashi Hirose, Hideki Ueda","doi":"10.1029/2024JB029358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JB029358","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A volcanic tremor is a seismic event linked to volcanic processes, identified by ongoing ground shaking. They play a crucial role in understanding internal volcanic activities and forecasting eruptions. Detecting weak volcanic tremor signals before an eruption has remained a difficult task. This study utilized polarization analysis on continuous seismograms at Kirishima volcano, Japan, to extract information on retrograde Rayleigh wave sources. Back azimuth estimates focused on the direction of the Shinmoe-dake crater before and during the volcanic eruptions in 2011, 2017, and 2018. Rayleigh waves originating from the crater direction, particularly in the 1.3–2.5 Hz band, were observed starting around March 2017, approximately 7 months prior to the October 2017 eruption. In the 1.3–2 Hz band, the back azimuths steadily moved closer to the crater’s direction between January and March 2017. Epicentral areas from the cross-bearings approach indicate that retrograde Rayleigh wave sources are located around the crater. A noticeable increase in the amplitudes of retrograde Rayleigh waves, which propagate along the crater direction, was observed starting in August 2016. Enhancing the growth in amplitude was achieved by utilizing a filter on the seismograms. As polarization analysis requires only a single three-component seismometer, this approach allows for the timely identification of weak Rayleigh waves from the crater direction, even in volcanoes with limited seismic station coverage. The results obtained in this study contribute to the growing knowledge on volcanic tremors and their potential use in volcano monitoring and eruption forecasting.</p>","PeriodicalId":15864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","volume":"130 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JB029358","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}