Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth最新文献

{"title":"Deformation and Earthquake Potential on the North America–Caribbean–Cocos Plate Boundary System in Guatemala","authors":"Jeremy Maurer, Andreas Eckert, Qiaoqi Sun, Jonathan Obrist-Farner","doi":"10.1029/2025jb032397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025jb032397","url":null,"abstract":"In Guatemala, the Cocos, North American, and Caribbean plates interact to create a region of high seismic risk. Previous analyses of crustal faults in the country have been overly simplified, creating discrepancies between geologic and geodetic slip rate models. This study uses geodetic, seismic, and geologic data to develop new strain rate maps and faulting models. The spatial distribution of locking on crustal faults matches historic large earthquakes, and multiple minor faults accommodate strain between the North America and Caribbean plates. Moment deficit rates from Kostrov-type and elastic fault models give 0.66–1.3 × 10¹⁹ N m/yr and 0.73–0.89 × 10¹⁹ N m/yr, respectively, excluding the subduction zone. Historic earthquake moments total 0.21–0.37 × 10¹⁹ N m/yr, suggesting fault creep and bulk inelastic strain balance the moment budget. Finite element modeling of the fault system shows that long-term slip rates agree better with geologic slip rate estimates when including minor faults and inelastic bulk crustal strain. Consistent with previous studies, the forearc sliver between the subduction zone and volcanic arc is sutured to the North American Plate, and the Caribbean Plate escapes eastward, causing extension in western Guatemala.","PeriodicalId":15864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147599693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stress and Strain Heterogeneity and Persistence in Uniaxially- and Triaxially-Loaded Sandstone","authors":"Subham Bose, Mohmad M. Thakur, Ghassan Shahin, Katherine Shanks, Amlan Das, Jun-Sang Park, Peter Kenesei, Hemant Sharma, Ryan C. Hurley","doi":"10.1029/2025jb033263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025jb033263","url":null,"abstract":"Two critical questions in brittle rock mechanics are how rocks developed localized strains and to what extent internal stress heterogeneity controls this localization and subsequent macroscopic failure. Definitive answers have not yet emerged, but would provide insight into rock fracture mechanics as relevant to hydrocarbon extraction and <span data-altimg=\"/cms/asset/2409b726-4b3f-41c5-896f-fca1a6dbade8/jgrb70286-math-0001.png\"></span><math altimg=\"urn:x-wiley:21699313:media:jgrb70286:jgrb70286-math-0001\" display=\"inline\" location=\"graphic/jgrb70286-math-0001.png\">\u0000<semantics>\u0000<mrow>\u0000<msub>\u0000<mtext>CO</mtext>\u0000<mn>2</mn>\u0000</msub>\u0000</mrow>\u0000${text{CO}}_{2}$</annotation>\u0000</semantics></math> sequestration. Here, we use synchrotron X-ray tomography (XRT) and 3D X-ray diffraction (3DXRD) during uniaxial and triaxial tests on Nugget and Bentheimer sandstones to examine strain and stress localization prior to mechanical failure. 3DXRD was used to measure intra-granular lattice strains which were used to compute elastic stress tensors of each grain. Digital volume correlation (DVC) was applied to XRT images to determine the strain field in the sample. Both samples featured marked spatial heterogeneity, localization, and temporal persistence of elevated stresses and strains during their mechanical deformation toward failure. Both samples featured a majority of grains with at least one principal stress component that was tensile, a signature of the influence of heterogeneity on stress transmission. Measurements further revealed that compressive stress orientations and statistics evolved in a similar manner to those of inter-particle forces in loose granular materials, with triaxially-compressed rock exhibiting enhanced grain stress heterogeneity compared to uniaxially-compressed rock. Our results complement recent work by others who employed XRT and scanning 3DXRD to study triaxially-compressed sandstone, but extend those results to uniaxial compression, sandstones of varied porosity, and grain stress measurements throughout the 3D full extent of the samples rather than in a single layer examined with scanning 3DXRD.","PeriodicalId":15864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147586161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Rate-and-State Friction Based Criterion for the Probability of Earthquake Fault Jumps","authors":"Sylvain Michel,&nbsp;Oona Scotti,&nbsp;Sebastien Hok,&nbsp;Harsha S. Bhat,&nbsp;Navid Kheirdast,&nbsp;Pierre Romanet,&nbsp;Michelle Almakari,&nbsp;Jinhui Cheng","doi":"10.1029/2025JB031449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JB031449","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Geometrical complexities in natural fault zones, such as steps and gaps, pose a challenge in seismic hazard studies as they can act as obstacles to seismic ruptures. In this study, we propose a criterion, which is based on the rate-and-state equation, to estimate the efficiency of an earthquake rupture to jump between two spatially disconnected faults. The proposed jump criterion is tested using a 2D quasi-dynamic numerical simulations of the seismic cycle. The criterion successfully predicts fault jumps where the simpler Coulomb stress change calculation fails to do so. The criterion includes the Coulomb stress change as a parameter but is also dependent on other important parameters among which is the absolute normal stress on the fault the rupture jumps to. Based on the criterion, the maximum jump distance increases with decreasing absolute normal stress, that is, as the rupture process occurs closer to the Earth's surface or as pore pressure increases. The criterion implies that earthquakes can jump to arbitrary large distances at the Earth's surface if the normal stress is allowed to go to zero, underscoring the potential for large jump distances (i.e., &gt;5 km). We further propose a probabilistic framework to estimate the likelihood of rupture jumps by accounting for uncertainties in fault geometry and earthquake source parameters. Additionally to its role into seismic hazard assessment, this criterion could complement Coulomb stress change maps with those of triggered slip-rates on receiver faults due to quasi-instantaneous stress perturbations, as well as estimates of jump probabilities accounting for parameter uncertainties.</p>","PeriodicalId":15864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","volume":"131 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025JB031449","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147585291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wettability of Rocks: Insights From an Electrical Double Layer Framework","authors":"Siqi Zhang,&nbsp;Daoyuan Tan,&nbsp;Honghu Zhu,&nbsp;Bin Shi,&nbsp;Stefan Iglauer","doi":"10.1029/2025JB033401","DOIUrl":"10.1029/2025JB033401","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A deep understanding of rock wettability is essential for elucidating multiphase flow dynamics in porous rocks and for applications such as hydrocarbon reservoir prediction and the safety assessment of subsurface carbon or hydrogen storage. However, wettability alterations driven by the formation of electrical double layers (EDL) at rock–brine interfaces remain poorly understood, highlighting the need for a clear theoretical framework. In this study, we develop a simplified and explicit model for rock wettability based on EDL free-energy, capturing the effects of interfacial electrostatics and brine compositions. Analysis of existing experimental data shows that the proposed model delivers superior accuracy, robustness, and practical applicability compared with the DLVO model. The model further reveals that nonpolar gas/brine/rock wettability depends on the square of the surface charge, surface potential, and pH, whereas oil/brine/rock contact angles are governed primarily by the absolute sum of the brine/oil and rock/brine zeta potentials. We also find that EDL compression plays a more dominant role in wettability alteration than interfacial tension under low-salinity conditions. The non-monotonic tendency of contact angle with salinity is divided into three regimes governed by the Jones-Ray effect, EDL compression and changes in interfacial tension, respectively. By incorporating the Hofmeister effect, our framework further explains ion-specific differences in wettability behavior. These findings provide a physics-based understanding of rock wettability and offer new insights into multiphase flow through porous rocks, low-salinity waterflooding, and CO₂/H₂ geo-storage.</p>","PeriodicalId":15864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","volume":"131 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147586164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Normal Modes in a Coupled Earth Model: A New Perspective on the Compliance Method","authors":"Toshiro Tanimoto","doi":"10.1029/2025JB032779","DOIUrl":"10.1029/2025JB032779","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;To understand the compliance parameters observed for atmospheric pressure waves, we develop a normal-mode approach for a coupled Earth model that includes the atmosphere and the solid Earth. Extending the method of Press and Harkrider to a coupled Earth model, we introduce two new features. First, we present a technique for computing group velocity in a coupled Earth model without relying on the variational principle. Second, we develop a framework for calculating a theoretical compliance parameter by the normal-mode approach, defined as &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;η&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;f&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;S&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;Z&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;f&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;S&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;P&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;f&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; $eta (f)={S}_{Z}(f)/{S}_{P}(f)$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;, where &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;f&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; $f$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; is frequency, &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;S&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;Z&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;f&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; ${S}_{Z}(f)$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; is the power spectral density of vertical displacement, and &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;S&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;P&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;f&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; ${S}_{P}(f)$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; is that of surface pressure. Previous studies have modeled crustal deformation as a pressure-loading problem caused by atmospheric pressure. In contrast, th","PeriodicalId":15864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","volume":"131 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025JB032779","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147536660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mantle Dynamic Topography of the Fringing Oceanic Basins of Antarctica","authors":"A. C. A. Dunn,&nbsp;N. J. White,&nbsp;R. Larter,&nbsp;P. L. Slay,&nbsp;M. C. Holdt","doi":"10.1029/2025JB033101","DOIUrl":"10.1029/2025JB033101","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Dynamic mantle processes are known to influence oceanic basins with implications for ocean circulation and climate. This study exploits an interdisciplinary approach to probe present-day mantle and lithosphere beneath Antarctica's fringing oceanic basins to better understand sub-crustal processes and implications for the continental realm. To quantify dynamic topography in the Southern Ocean, observed depth to basement is corrected for isostatic loading to isolate the residual bathymetric signal, a robust proxy for dynamic mantle support. In this way, a comprehensive suite of oceanic residual depth measurements <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>(</mo>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>n</mi>\u0000 <mspace></mspace>\u0000 <mo>=</mo>\u0000 <mspace></mspace>\u0000 <mn>1120</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <mo>)</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $(nhspace*{.5em}=hspace*{.5em}1120)$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> are calculated from seismic reflection profiles in the Southern Ocean. This data set is correlated with free-air gravity anomalies and tomographic models to determine which region of the mantle contributes most significantly to dynamic support, with results indicating the upper 530 and 350 km, respectively. These oceanic observations also provide spatial context for onshore studies, where ice-loading and complex geological histories complicate residual elevation estimates. Rare earth element modeling of Neogene basalt samples links offshore dynamic swells and thinned lithosphere to Marie Byrd Land, the West Antarctic Rift System, and the Transantarctic Mountains, with isolated support beneath the Antarctic Peninsula. This pattern aligns with gravity anomalies and slow shear-wave velocity zones. By refining constraints on dynamic mantle support, these results offer benchmarks for geothermal models, mantle convection simulations, oceanographic studies and ice sheet reconstructions, ultimately improving our understanding of Antarctica's role in global climate evolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":15864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","volume":"131 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025JB033101","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147535847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Primary and Secondary Microseism Multi-Decade Geographic Variation, Secular Intensification, and Period Lengthening","authors":"Richard C. Aster,&nbsp;Thomas A. Lee,&nbsp;Frederik J. Simons,&nbsp;Adam T. Ringler,&nbsp;Robert E. Anthony","doi":"10.1029/2025JB032422","DOIUrl":"10.1029/2025JB032422","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Earth's long period background seismic wavefield is dominated by two distinct processes that couple ocean wave energy to a global microseism wavefield. We assess global microseism intensity in the secondary (4–10 s) and primary (14–20 s) bands, and across eight 2 s-wide period bands between 4 and 20 s. Robustly estimated primary and secondary secular amplitude trends are estimated at 73 globally distributed seismic station sites with continuous recording spanning at least 20 years, from as early as the late 1980s through October 2025. These trends are positive at <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mn>3</mn>\u0000 <mi>σ</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $3sigma $</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> significance for 61 (84%) and 46 (63%) stations with global average rates for vertical-component acceleration of 0.17 <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>±</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $pm $</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> 0.04 and 0.11 <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>±</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $pm $</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> 0.05%/yr, for the primary and secondary bands, respectively, with corresponding rates of energy increase of 0.27 <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>±</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $pm $</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> 0.08 and 0.15 <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>±</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $pm $</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> 0.09%/yr. Secular intensification is also observed within all 2 s period bands between 4 and 20 s. Amplitude histories for the longest primary microseism periods (18–20 s) correlate to near-antipodal distances, reflecting long-range teleconnections attributed to large-fetch storm systems, long-range swell and Rayleigh wave propagation, and geographically correlated El Niño Southern Oscillation and other geographically extensive atmospheric influences on storms and waves. The lower average rates of intensification for the secondary microseism suggest that crossing wave systems in remote regions are either under-observed or are intensifying more slowly than the primary microseism, possibly due to increasing swell unidirectionality. Secular intensification is greatest at the longest primary microseism periods. This is consistent with a broadening of the global ocean wave spectrum by approximately 0.01%/yr which may reflect an increasing occurrence of large storm systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":15864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","volume":"131 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025JB032422","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147535846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rift-Induced Repositioning of Mantle Plumes Beneath the Indian Lithosphere: Implications for Deccan Volcanism","authors":"Dip Ghosh,&nbsp;Joyjeet Sen,&nbsp;Nibir Mandal","doi":"10.1029/2025JB033633","DOIUrl":"10.1029/2025JB033633","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The rift system in Indian craton underwent reactivation at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary when the Réunion plume encountered the Indian lithosphere, leading to the 66 Ma massive Deccan volcanism. Although the plume-driven rift tectonics is a subject of lively research, how a pre-existing rift system can modulate the plume dynamics, particularly in continental settings has remained inadequately explored. The present study addresses this issue in the framework of the Réunion plume—Indian lithosphere geodynamics. We develop 2D thermomechanical models to simulate plume–rift interactions, systematically investigating the modes of interactions as a function of plate's pull velocity (<i>V</i>_<i>p</i>) and plume–rift distance (<i>δ</i>). Our numerical experiments reveal that small <i>δ</i> (&lt;200 km) or high <i>V</i>_<i>p</i> (&gt;1 cm/yr) conditions redirect a large portion of the plume materials toward the pre-existing rift, resulting in significant melting beneath the rift undergoing rejuvenation. Increasing <i>δ</i> or decreasing <i>V</i>_<i>p</i> weakens the plume-rift interaction, leaving the pre-existing rift zone almost passive, and stagnation of the plume materials with little melting. The model results suggest that the Narmada rift, which was closer to the Réunion plume, significantly deflected the plume materials, leading to partial melting with Moho upwarping and profuse magmatism. In contrast, the Godavari rift, located at a larger distance from the plume behaved passively, allowing the plume materials to stagnate with little melting at the lithospheric base and facilitate Moho downwarping, as supported by geophysical observations. This article provides a new insight of the differential responses of the Indian rift system to the Réunion event.</p>","PeriodicalId":15864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","volume":"131 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147536659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement of Phase Velocity and Ellipticity of Multi-Mode Surface Waves by Beamforming Multi-Component Ambient Seismic Noise","authors":"Tongwei Qin, Youyuan Zhang, Shanshan Jia, Laiyu Lu","doi":"10.1029/2025jb033434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025jb033434","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional beamforming of multi-component ambient seismic noise typically utilizes only the vertical-vertical (ZZ) component to extract Rayleigh wave dispersion curves or the transverse-transverse (TT) component for Love waves. In this study, we extend weighted and modified beamforming to cross-correlation functions between different components. We demonstrate that the beamforming output for all components from an array with finite stations can be represented theoretically by a cosine-modulated sinc function multiplied by an amplitude factor. This representation explains the energy distribution features across mode branches in multi-mode dispersion spectrum obtained through array-based techniques. The method is validated using both synthetic test and field data from arrays at different scales. We successfully extract multi-mode dispersion curves for both Rayleigh and Love waves, as well as Rayleigh wave ellipticity with polarity information. By comparing with the results outputted by the analytical formulation, the features of the multi-mode dispersion spectrum are investigated by considering the excitation intensity of each mode. We observe both prograde and retrograde particle motion in the fundamental mode Rayleigh wave from field data at a local basin scale. We also observe that the phase velocity estimated from ZZ and RZ (radial-vertical) component has a systematic difference from those estimated from RR and ZR component for some mode branches, implying that this can be used to characterize the polarization anisotropy of the earth. The proposed method shows potential for extracting multi-mode surface wave dispersion curves and Rayleigh wave ellipticity from ambient seismic noise, including leaking modes.","PeriodicalId":15864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147524814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Northeastern Greenland Paleomagnetic Records Indicate the Influence of Geomagnetic Flux Lobe Intensity on Virtual Geomagnetic Pole Migration During the Holocene","authors":"Juliette Girard,&nbsp;Guillaume St-Onge,&nbsp;Christof Pearce,&nbsp;France Lagroix,&nbsp;Marit-Solveig Seidenkrantz,&nbsp;Katrine Juul Andresen,&nbsp;Jean-Carlos Montero-Serrano,&nbsp;Pierre Francus","doi":"10.1029/2025JB031768","DOIUrl":"10.1029/2025JB031768","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Paleomagnetic and rock magnetic analyses were conducted on sediment cores from the northeastern Greenland Shelf and Young Sound along the western edge of Fram Strait. The paleomagnetic signal in all three sediment cores is characterized by a strong and stable single component magnetization carried by low coercivity ferrimagnetic single domain or vortex state grains, attesting to the quality of the recorded relative paleointensity (RPI) and paleomagnetic secular variation (PSV) signals. Comparison with other archives from the northern North Atlantic, northern Greenland, and northern Europe and with geomagnetic field model outputs indicates broad similarities between the records, particularly with Finnish, Swedish and southern Greenland records. Comparison of the new RPI records with global geomagnetic field models and cosmogenic isotope production rates highlights the global character of the geomagnetic variations from the northeastern Greenland Shelf. Virtual geomagnetic pole (VGP) paths for the last 8 kyr compared to geomagnetic field strength maps at the core-mantle boundary over the same time interval illustrate that, at times of high intensity, geomagnetic flux lobes could have an effect on VGP migration. We suggest that High Arctic PSV is most likely driven by millennial-scale hemispheric geomagnetic flux lobe geometry changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":15864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","volume":"131 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025JB031768","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147524784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}