Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth最新文献

{"title":"Fine-Scale Segmentation and Spatiotemporal Variability of the 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule Aftershock Sequence Revealed by a Deep-Learning-Based Earthquake Catalog","authors":"Rodrigo Flores-Allende, Léonard Seydoux, Éric Beaucé, Luis Fabian Bonilla, Philippe Gueguen, Claudio Satriano","doi":"10.1029/2026jb034262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2026jb034262","url":null,"abstract":"We re-examine the aftershock sequence of the <i>M</i><sub>w</sub> 8.8 Maule earthquake in south-central Chile to understand how seismicity, magnitude-frequency distribution, and fault structure vary along the rupture zone. Using the International Maule Aftershock Deployment (IMAD) data set, we analyze 10 months of continuous data from approximately 156 temporary stations and build a high-resolution aftershock catalog for the Maule rupture zone. We apply the BackProjection and Matched-Filtering (BPMF) workflow, which integrates a deep-learning phase picker with backprojection-based association, relative relocation, and template matching. We initially detect and relocate 130,575 earthquakes, then use a subset of high-quality events as templates to identify smaller earthquakes missed by initial detection. The final catalog contains 537,387 earthquakes, nearly 13 times more events than in previous studies, with a completeness magnitude of ≈<i>M</i><sub>w</sub> 1.8 and magnitudes ranging from <i>M</i><sub>w</sub> 0.2 to <i>M</i><sub>w</sub> 6.2. A local magnitude (<span data-altimg=\"/cms/asset/752eecdf-96f1-401f-80c9-f737584a2706/jgrb70307-math-0001.png\"></span><mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"201\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" role=\"application\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 103%; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math aria-hidden=\"true\" location=\"graphic/jgrb70307-math-0001.png\"><mjx-semantics><mjx-mrow><mjx-msub data-semantic-children=\"0,1\" data-semantic- data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-speech=\"upper M Subscript upper L\" data-semantic-type=\"subscript\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"2\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-script style=\"vertical-align: -0.15em; margin-left: -0.081em;\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"2\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\" size=\"s\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-script></mjx-msub></mjx-mrow></mjx-semantics></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml display=\"inline\" unselectable=\"on\"><math altimg=\"urn:x-wiley:21699313:media:jgrb70307:jgrb70307-math-0001\" display=\"inline\" location=\"graphic/jgrb70307-math-0001.png\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><semantics><mrow><msub data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-children=\"0,1\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-speech=\"upper M Subscript upper L\" data-semantic-type=\"subscript\"><mi data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic-parent=\"2\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\">M</mi><mi data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic-parent=\"2\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\">L</mi></msub></mrow>${M}_{L}$</annotation></sema","PeriodicalId":15864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147641334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure of the North-Central Chile Subduction Zone From Local Earthquake Tomography","authors":"Nicolás Hernández-Soto, Christian Sippl, Matthew Miller, Dietrich Lange, Frederik Tilmann, Diego González-Vidal, Juan Carlos Baez, Anne Socquet, Marcos Moreno","doi":"10.1029/2025JB032183","DOIUrl":"10.1029/2025JB032183","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The fluid cycle in subduction zones prescribes large parts of its structure and seismogenic behavior. Background seismicity inside the downgoing slab is linked to fluid release from dehydration reactions, whereas fluid overpressure along the plate interface can alter interplate coupling, megathrust earthquakes, and the presence or absence of slow-slip events (SSEs) and tectonic tremor. We present a high-resolution seismic tomography model of the Atacama segment in northern Chile, the only region along the Chilean margin where SSEs have been observed. Using traveltimes from over 8,800 seismic events determined using state-of-the-art algorithms (EQTransformer, PyOcto), we followed a staggered workflow (VELEST, SIMUL2023) to derive consistent 1D, 2D and 3D models of P-wave velocity <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mfenced>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>V</mi>\u0000 <mi>P</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mfenced>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $left({V}_{P}right)$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> and <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>V</mi>\u0000 <mi>P</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <mo>/</mo>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>V</mi>\u0000 <mi>S</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${V}_{P}/{V}_{S}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> ratios, achieving high spatial resolution in the upper continental crust, mantle, and downgoing slab. The final 3D model reveals key features interpreted as subsurface fluid processes. High <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>V</mi>\u0000 <mi>P</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <mo>/</mo>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>V</mi>\u0000 <mi>S</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${V}_{P}/{V}_{S}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> (<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>≥</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${ge} $</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>1.80) appears along the plate interface, with localized anomalies in the mantle wedge and lower continental crust. Regions with deep seismicity (∼80–100 km depth), notably around the Copiapó Ridge, exhibit zones of higher <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>V</mi>\u0000 <mi>P</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":15864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","volume":"131 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025JB032183","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147620287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topography-Incorporated Adjoint-State Surface Wave Traveltime Tomography for Azimuthally Anisotropic Media","authors":"Shijie Hao,&nbsp;Jing Chen,&nbsp;Mijian Xu,&nbsp;Dayong Yu,&nbsp;Jingyun Xie,&nbsp;Ping Tong","doi":"10.1029/2025JB033164","DOIUrl":"10.1029/2025JB033164","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ambient noise surface wave traveltime tomography has been increasingly used to investigate shallow crustal structures. In relatively small-scale studies, factors such as topography and the uneven distribution of ambient noise sources may have significant influence on the tomographic results. In addition, anisotropy can also affect surface wave propagation, but is usually neglected. In this study, we adopt an anisotropic eikonal equation to model Rayleigh wave phase traveltime in weak anisotropic media with topographic variation. An inversion scheme is developed to invert for both shear wave velocity (Vs) and anisotropy using adjoint-state method. This tomography method is applied in the Huidong region, located near the southwestern segment of the Lianhuashan Fault Zone, China. Rayleigh wave phase delays caused by the uneven distribution of ambient noise sources are observed. This effect is corrected through traveltime correction which is determined by inverting for the azimuthal amplitude density of ambient noise. The tomographic results reveal low-Vs anomalies and ENE-oriented fast directions that are consistent with the strike of the Danshui Fault. In addition, a hidden fault is inferred from the NW-oriented fast directions and low-Vs anomalies.</p>","PeriodicalId":15864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","volume":"131 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147620288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure of the Mantle Keel of the Wyoming Craton and Its Relationship to Intracratonic Deformation and Magmatism","authors":"M. J. Bezada,&nbsp;Z. Zhu,&nbsp;H. Ford,&nbsp;J. S. Byrnes","doi":"10.1029/2025JB032409","DOIUrl":"10.1029/2025JB032409","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Wyoming Craton is often cited as an example of decratonization, implying the removal of its lithospheric keel. However, numerous geophysical imaging studies indicate the presence of thick mantle lithosphere beneath much of the Wyoming Craton. We present a teleseismic P-wave tomography model produced with data from the Earthscope Transportable Array and two denser temporary arrays. Our model shows high-velocity anomalies below the crust and to depths exceeding 150 km beneath most of the Wyoming Craton, except the area affected by the Yellowstone Plume. There is good correspondence between our model and previously published seismic and magnetotelluric studies. Based on the geophysical anomalies, the craton can be subdivided into two major blocks located to the NE and SW of the Owl Creek Mountains–Laramie Mountains trend. Each block can be subdivided into two sub-blocks with roughly N–S oriented boundaries. The eastern boundary of the craton coincides with the Black Hills, which are underlain by a localized low-velocity anomaly. The external and internal boundaries often have a corresponding topographic expression, and Eocene and younger magmatism occurs either on the periphery of the craton or in the boundary zones between the blocks we identify. Given these findings, we conclude that Laramide deformation utilized zones of weakness in the Wyoming cratonic lithosphere, and may have reduced its thickness, but did not completely destroy it.</p>","PeriodicalId":15864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","volume":"131 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025JB032409","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147630724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Oscillating Pore Pressure of Fluid Injection on Fault Slip Described by Rate and State Friction","authors":"Micaela Mercuri, John W. Rudnicki","doi":"10.1029/2025jb032436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025jb032436","url":null,"abstract":"Injection of pore fluid can substantially affect fault slip, often resulting in seismic activity. We simulate the axisymmetric compression experiments of Noël, Passelégue, et al. (2019), https://doi.org/10.1029/2019jb018517 on a saw-cut specimen of Fontainebleau sandstone subjected to periodic oscillations of fluid pore pressure. We adopt a simple spring-block model obeying rate and state frictional sliding. Results depend strongly on &lt;span data-altimg=\"/cms/asset/b8574a29-1fdb-48b3-b0f2-4979e78225dd/jgrb70308-math-0001.png\"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"594\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" role=\"application\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 103%; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"&gt;&lt;mjx-math aria-hidden=\"true\" location=\"graphic/jgrb70308-math-0001.png\"&gt;&lt;mjx-semantics&gt;&lt;mjx-mrow&gt;&lt;mjx-msub data-semantic-children=\"0,1\" data-semantic- data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-speech=\"upper T Subscript p\" data-semantic-type=\"subscript\"&gt;&lt;mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"2\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"&gt;&lt;mjx-c&gt;&lt;/mjx-c&gt;&lt;/mjx-mi&gt;&lt;mjx-script style=\"vertical-align: -0.15em; margin-left: -0.12em;\"&gt;&lt;mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"2\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\" size=\"s\"&gt;&lt;mjx-c&gt;&lt;/mjx-c&gt;&lt;/mjx-mi&gt;&lt;/mjx-script&gt;&lt;/mjx-msub&gt;&lt;/mjx-mrow&gt;&lt;/mjx-semantics&gt;&lt;/mjx-math&gt;&lt;mjx-assistive-mml display=\"inline\" unselectable=\"on\"&gt;&lt;math altimg=\"urn:x-wiley:21699313:media:jgrb70308:jgrb70308-math-0001\" display=\"inline\" location=\"graphic/jgrb70308-math-0001.png\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"&gt;&lt;semantics&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-children=\"0,1\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-speech=\"upper T Subscript p\" data-semantic-type=\"subscript\"&gt;&lt;mi data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic-parent=\"2\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"&gt;T&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic-parent=\"2\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"&gt;p&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;${T}_{p}$&lt;/annotation&gt;&lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/mjx-assistive-mml&gt;&lt;/mjx-container&gt;, the ratio of the period of pore pressure oscillation to time scale of rate and state effects. For small &lt;span data-altimg=\"/cms/asset/64e8c9b3-b2d3-4d35-bedd-d79a807e1339/jgrb70308-math-0002.png\"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"595\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" role=\"application\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 103%; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"&gt;&lt;mjx-math aria-hidden=\"true\" location=\"graphic/jgrb70308-math-0002.png\"&gt;&lt;mjx-semantics&gt;&lt;mjx-mrow&gt;&lt;mjx-msub data-semantic-children=\"0,1\" data-semantic- data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-speech=\"upper T Subscript p\" dat","PeriodicalId":15864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","volume":"122 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147617651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autocorrelation-Based Imaging of Crustal Discontinuities Including the Main Himalayan Thrust and Vp/Vs Ratio in the Jammu and Kashmir Himalaya","authors":"Hari Ram Thapa, Supriyo Mitra, Abdelkrim Aoudia, Gordana Vlahovic, Keith Priestley, Sunil Kumar Wanchoo","doi":"10.1029/2025jb032764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025jb032764","url":null,"abstract":"The Jammu and Kashmir Himalaya, located between the rupture zones of the 1905 Kangra and 2005 Kashmir earthquakes, represent a prominent “seismic gap” where understanding the subsurface structure is critical for seismic hazard assessment. This study presents new insights into the crustal structure of this region using teleseismic P-wave coda autocorrelation, applied for the first time in this region. We observe sediment thicknesses reaching ∼7 km in the foreland basin, thinning progressively to the north. Moho depths reveal a flat structure in the south, localized shallowing between the MBT and MCT, and deepening north of the MCT, consistent with crustal thickening from continental collision and underthrusting. Zones of Moho thinning correlate with elevated Vp/Vs ratios (up to 1.85), suggesting higher temperatures or partial melts. These findings align with regional topography and are consistent with isostatic compensation. The MHT exhibits lateral ramps beneath the Riasi Thrust (RT) and Mandli-Kishanpur Thrust (MKT), which may act as rupture-segment boundaries. We image a ramp–flat–ramp geometry of the MHT, improving earlier models of a single frontal ramp deepening toward the MCT. The first ramp lies within the locked MHT segment, introducing internal segmentation in the seismogenic-zone. This geometry may concentrate strain, enhance stress buildup, and limit rupture propagation, supporting the 1555 earthquake as a deep blind thrust. It also promotes slip deficit accumulation, explaining persistence of the seismic gap despite ∼11 mm/yr arc-normal convergence. This revised MHT geometry implies potential for future large blind earthquakes and calls for reassessing regional seismic hazard models.","PeriodicalId":15864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147617660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rheological Properties and Induced-Coulomb Stress in the Southern Sumatra Subduction Zone: Insights From the 2007 Mw8.4 Bengkulu Earthquake","authors":"Siyuan Yang,&nbsp;Yan Hu,&nbsp;Jian Lin","doi":"10.1029/2025JB032637","DOIUrl":"10.1029/2025JB032637","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The 2007 Mw8.4 earthquake offers insights into the rheological structure of the southern Sumatra subduction zone, especially the Mentawai gap. Here, we derived 3-year postseismic Global Positioning System (GPS) observations to study deformation processes based on a three-dimensional viscoelastic finite element model. Model results indicate that a heterogeneous shear zone is required to better reproduce GPS observations. The megathrust at Mentawai gap underwent a continuous afterslip of about 1 cm within 5 years after the earthquake with a shear zone viscosity of 5 × 10¹⁷ Pa s. Farther south, we divide the southern shear zone into shallow (≤20 km) and deep (20–100 km) segments whose viscosities are determined to be 10¹⁶ Pa s and 5 × 10¹⁷ Pa s, respectively. Afterslip in the shallow shear zone is up to ∼3.3 m, while afterslip in the deep shear zone is up to approximately 1 m. The observed uplift in the vicinity of the rupture area is probably due to a cold forearc mantle. Both the Burgers and power-law rheologies produce similar surface deformation due to viscoelastic relaxation. Distribution of combined coseismic and postseismic Coulomb stress over the megathrust shows that subsequent earthquakes with magnitudes exceeding 7 experienced enhanced stress loading, over 0.01 MPa, indicating that 2007 earthquake may play an important role in triggering these subsequent events. This study provides insights into the potential hazards assessments in this region, emphasizing the role of Coulomb stress in triggering subsequent events.</p>","PeriodicalId":15864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","volume":"131 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147617652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermally Activated Static Friction Can Explain Earthquake Interactions","authors":"J. Weiss,&nbsp;D. Marsan,&nbsp;P. Thiraux","doi":"10.1029/2025JB032266","DOIUrl":"10.1029/2025JB032266","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Unlike meteorological hazards, tectonic earthquakes remain hardly predictable, reinforcing their deadly character. This relates to an out-of-equilibrium, intermittent dynamic associated with a strong time asymmetry, with few and non-systematic foreshocks sometimes preceding large earthquakes, while aftershocks are ubiquitous and have been known for a long time. However, 130 years after Omori, the physical origin of this time asymmetry and of aftershocks remains highly debated. Here, we model earthquake interactions and natural seismicity from a spring-slider model based on a minimal number of fundamental mechanisms, namely elastic stress transfer and reaction rate theory applied to the simplest form of static friction. This allows introducing a microscopic timescale as well as temperature in a physically meaningful way, and to strikingly reproduce many aspects of seismicity and earthquake interactions. This includes (a) a power law distribution of seismic moments, (b) an Omori's as well as productivity laws for aftershocks, (c) a clustering of aftershocks nearby the edge of the mainshock rupture zone and (d) a strong time asymmetry of the seismic cycle.</p>","PeriodicalId":15864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","volume":"131 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025JB032266","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147617650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Different Radiation Characteristics Between Foreshocks and Aftershocks of the 2016 Mw7.0 Kumamoto Earthquake in Kyushu, Japan: Implication of Pore Pressure, Stress Concentration, and Loading Rate","authors":"Masaki Orimo, Keisuke Yoshida, Toru Matsuzawa, Akira Hasegawa, Mare Yamamoto","doi":"10.1029/2025jb032201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025jb032201","url":null,"abstract":"We estimated the scaled energy (&lt;span data-altimg=\"/cms/asset/0c03775a-2c93-4d04-b2e6-cca8f780e821/jgrb70304-math-0001.png\"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"16\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" role=\"application\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 103%; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"&gt;&lt;mjx-math aria-hidden=\"true\" location=\"graphic/jgrb70304-math-0001.png\"&gt;&lt;mjx-semantics&gt;&lt;mjx-mrow&gt;&lt;mjx-msub data-semantic-children=\"0,1\" data-semantic- data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-speech=\"e Subscript upper R\" data-semantic-type=\"subscript\"&gt;&lt;mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"2\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"&gt;&lt;mjx-c&gt;&lt;/mjx-c&gt;&lt;/mjx-mi&gt;&lt;mjx-script style=\"vertical-align: -0.15em;\"&gt;&lt;mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"2\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\" size=\"s\"&gt;&lt;mjx-c&gt;&lt;/mjx-c&gt;&lt;/mjx-mi&gt;&lt;/mjx-script&gt;&lt;/mjx-msub&gt;&lt;/mjx-mrow&gt;&lt;/mjx-semantics&gt;&lt;/mjx-math&gt;&lt;mjx-assistive-mml display=\"inline\" unselectable=\"on\"&gt;&lt;math altimg=\"urn:x-wiley:21699313:media:jgrb70304:jgrb70304-math-0001\" display=\"inline\" location=\"graphic/jgrb70304-math-0001.png\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"&gt;&lt;semantics&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-children=\"0,1\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-speech=\"e Subscript upper R\" data-semantic-type=\"subscript\"&gt;&lt;mi data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic-parent=\"2\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"&gt;e&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic-parent=\"2\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"&gt;R&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;${e}_{R}$&lt;/annotation&gt;&lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/mjx-assistive-mml&gt;&lt;/mjx-container&gt;) for small earthquakes (&lt;span data-altimg=\"/cms/asset/30c69b67-c1b2-4cb0-83b8-8bd2063e470a/jgrb70304-math-0002.png\"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"17\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" role=\"application\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 103%; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"&gt;&lt;mjx-math aria-hidden=\"true\" location=\"graphic/jgrb70304-math-0002.png\"&gt;&lt;mjx-semantics&gt;&lt;mjx-mrow data-semantic-children=\"0,4,6\" data-semantic-content=\"1,5\" data-semantic- data-semantic-role=\"inequality\" data-semantic-speech=\"1.5 italic less than or equals upper M Subscript jma Baseline italic less than or equals 3.0\" data-semantic-type=\"relseq\"&gt;&lt;mjx-mn data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"7\" data-semantic-role=\"float\" data-semantic-type=\"number\"&gt;&lt;mjx-c&gt;&lt;/mjx-c&gt;&lt;mjx-c&gt;&lt;/mjx-c&gt;&lt;mjx-c&gt;&lt;/mjx-c&gt;&lt;/mjx-mn&gt;&lt;mjx-mo data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\"relseq,≤\" data-semantic-parent=\"7\" data-semantic-role=\"inequality\" data-semantic-type=\"rel","PeriodicalId":15864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147586159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Holocene Normal Faulting in the Southern Rocky Mountain Trench; Orogenic Collapse Modulated by Glacial Unloading?","authors":"T. Finley,&nbsp;E. Nissen,&nbsp;L. J. Leonard,&nbsp;J. F. Cassidy,&nbsp;V. Prush,&nbsp;B. Miller","doi":"10.1029/2025JB032339","DOIUrl":"10.1029/2025JB032339","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Southern Rocky Mountain Trench (SRMT) is a conspicuous valley in the eastern Canadian Cordillera. It lies above a sharp change in lithospheric strength and thickness and is occupied by a normal fault thought to have last been active in the Eocene. However, its geomorphic prominence, the occurrence of diffuse regional seismicity including notable historical earthquakes, and a subtle geodetic strain gradient, have hinted that it is still capable of large, surface-rupturing earthquakes. Using new high-resolution topographic data, surficial mapping, scarp morphology analysis, and shallow geophysics, we provide evidence of multiple Holocene surface ruptures on the SRMT fault near Columbia Lake, British Columbia. A paraglacial fan surface is vertically offset by ∼3 m, whereas younger channels on the fan surface are only offset by ∼2 m, implying that the fan records cumulative offset from multiple earthquakes. Electrical resistivity tomography data confirm that a normal fault continues beneath the scarp, and a resistivity horizon in the subsurface is offset by ∼9 m. Regional geochronological constraints on paraglacial sedimentation constrain the slip rate to between 0.1 and 1.1 mm/yr. A possible decrease in slip rate from the early Holocene to late Holocene may indicate fault activity was modulated by glacial isostatic adjustment following the last glacial maximum. However, the underlying cause of tectonism may be gravitational collapse of the Cordillera. We suggest the SRMT represents a northern extension of the Intermountain Seismic Belt of the western US, which has hosted damaging normal fault earthquakes in recent decades.</p>","PeriodicalId":15864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","volume":"131 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025JB032339","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147599694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}