Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth最新文献

{"title":"The Application of Remote Sensing Data (SAR, Thermal and Optical) and Geodetic Modeling to Investigate the Volcanic Activity at Semeru Volcano (Indonesia)","authors":"Federico Galetto,&nbsp;Diego Reale,&nbsp;Diego Coppola,&nbsp;Eugenio Sansosti,&nbsp;Matthew E. Pritchard","doi":"10.1029/2025JB031428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JB031428","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Semeru (Indonesia) is a persistent eruptive volcano, but its volcanic activity remains poorly constrained. Here we used a combination of different remote sensing data to improve the understanding of Semeru. By differencing high resolution (2m) Digital Elevation Models (DEM) derived from optical data (EarthDEMs), we estimated a bulk volume of ∼43.5 × 10⁶ m³ of lavas erupted from 2014 to 2020. Thermal data from MIROVA show multiple peaks in the volcanic radiative power and in the cumulative Volcanic Radiant Energy (VRE) related with lava flow extrusions. Time series of deformation, obtained with Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR) from Sentinel-1 data, show on both orbits negative line-of-sight displacements of the SE flank from 2014 to 2023. The observed displacements can be related to surface processes or to a limited (≤1 × 10⁶ m³) deflation of a shallow (&lt;2 km) reservoir, modeled with a Boundary Element Method. We used the volume estimated by EarthDEMs to calibrate the VRE and to calculate the erupted volume of lava from VRE for periods not covered by EarthDEM, allowing in the future the near-real-time estimation of volumes from MIROVA data. Erupted volumes of lava over the time reveal a steady state activity. Our data suggest that the persistent volcanic activity at Semeru is fed by deep portions of the magmatic system, while the possible shallow reservoir is a hydrothermal or an ephemeral magma reservoir. This study highlights the importance of using different remote sensing data to monitor, quantify, and interpret the volcanic activity in poorly monitored and studied volcanoes.</p>","PeriodicalId":15864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","volume":"130 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145038201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delayed Dynamic Triggering and Enhanced High-Frequency Seismic Radiation From Brittle Rock Damage in 3D Dynamic Rupture Simulations","authors":"Zihua Niu,&nbsp;Alice-Agnes Gabriel,&nbsp;Yehuda Ben-Zion","doi":"10.1029/2025JB031632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JB031632","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Using a novel high-performance computing implementation of a nonlinear continuum damage-breakage model, we explore interactions between 3D co-seismic off-fault damage, seismic radiation, and rupture dynamics. Our simulations demonstrate that off-fault damage enhances high-frequency wave radiation above 1 Hz, reduces rupture speed and alters the total kinetic energy. We identify distinct damage regimes separated by solid-granular transition, with smooth distributions under low damage conditions transitioning to localized, mesh-independent shear bands upon reaching brittle failure. The shear band orientations depend systematically on the background stress and agree with analytical predictions. The brittle damage inhibits transitions to supershear rupture propagation and the rupture front strain field results in locally reduced damage accumulation during supershear transition. The dynamically generated damage yields uniform and isotropic ratios of fault-normal to fault-parallel high-frequency ground motions. Co-seismic damage zones exhibit depth-dependent width variations, becoming broader near the Earth's surface consistent with field observations, even under uniform stress conditions. We discover a new delayed dynamic triggering mechanism in multi-fault systems, driven by reductions in elastic moduli and the ensuing stress heterogeneities in 3D tensile fault step-overs. This mechanism affects the static and dynamic stress fields and includes the formation of high shear-traction fronts around localized damage zones. The brittle damage facilitates rupture cascading across faults, linking delay times directly to damage rheology and fault zone evolution. Our results help explain near-fault high-frequency isotropic radiation and delayed rupture triggering, improving our understanding of earthquake processes, seismic wavefields and fault system interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":15864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","volume":"130 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025JB031632","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145038362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RNN-DAS: A New Deep Learning Approach for Detection and Real-Time Monitoring of Volcano-Tectonic Events Using Distributed Acoustic Sensing","authors":"J. Fernández-Carabantes,&nbsp;M. Titos,&nbsp;L. D'Auria,&nbsp;J. García,&nbsp;L. García,&nbsp;C. Benítez","doi":"10.1029/2025JB031756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JB031756","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We present a novel Deep Learning model based on recurrent neural networks (RNNs) with long short-term memory (LSTM) cells, designed as a real-time volcano-seismic signal recognition system for distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) measurements. The model was trained on an extensive database of volcano-tectonic events derived from the co-eruptive seismicity of the 2021 La Palma eruption, recorded by a High-fidelity submarine distributed acoustic sensing array near the eruption site. The features used for supervised model training, based on the average signal energy in frequency bands, enable the model to effectively leverage the spatio-temporal contextual information of seismo-volcanic signals provided by the technique. The proposed model not only detects the presence of volcano-tectonic events but also analyzes their temporal evolution, selecting and classifying their complete waveforms with an accuracy of approximately 97%. Furthermore, the model has demonstrated robust performance in generalizing to other time intervals and volcanoes. Such results highlight the potential of using RNN-based approaches with LSTM cells for DAS systems located in volcanic regions, enabling fast, automatic analysis with low computational requirements and minimal retraining. This allows continuous real-time monitoring of seismicity while facilitating the creation of labeled seismic catalogs directly from DAS measurements, representing a significant advancement in using DAS technology as a viable tool to study active volcanoes and their seismic activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":15864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","volume":"130 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025JB031756","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145037684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pushing the Boundaries of Porous Material Characterization: Universal Stochastic Data Fusion With Deep Learning","authors":"Mingliang Liu,&nbsp;Tapan Mukerji","doi":"10.1029/2025JB031673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JB031673","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Microscopic imaging plays a crucial role in revealing the intricate microstructures of porous materials, enabling detailed investigations into their physical properties and behavior. However, no single imaging modality satisfies the diverse requirements for comprehensive microstructural characterization across multiple scales, limiting our ability to thoroughly analyze and model these porous materials. To overcome this limitation, multiscale and multimodal imaging approaches are increasingly employed. However, effectively integrating heterogeneous data sets into high-fidelity digital representations of porous materials remains a significant challenge. In this study, we propose a deep learning-based framework for multiscale and multimodal data fusion, leveraging advanced generative artificial intelligence to overcome two persistent hurdles: (a) seamless integration of unpaired imaging data sets from different modalities and resolutions, and (b) robust one-to-many mappings that preserve the inherent uncertainty and diversity of the combined data. By applying this framework to a porous media imaging data set, we demonstrate its ability to enhance the characterization of heterogeneous materials and uncover new insights into pore-scale physical processes. This versatile and scalable approach holds broad applicability across disciplines such as geoscience and materials science, paving the way for more comprehensive multiscale porous material analysis and modeling.</p>","PeriodicalId":15864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","volume":"130 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145037695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On Steam-Driven Thermal Anomalies at Active Volcanoes Through Laboratory and Numerical Experiments","authors":"Noé García-Martínez,&nbsp;Társilo Girona,&nbsp;David Benavente","doi":"10.1029/2025JB031598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JB031598","url":null,"abstract":"<p>At active magmatic-hydrothermal systems, volatile circulation and surface thermal anomalies are known to be related. However, the specific interconnections between permeable gas flow, H₂O condensation, and heat transport remain poorly understood. This study investigates the potential of steam released from boiling aquifers to generate surface thermal anomalies. Novel laboratory experiments were conducted by injecting hot steam into a permeable material to examine how material characteristics and flow dynamics affect heat propagation. The experimental results are analyzed using numerical models based on heat conduction (CM) and a combination of heat conduction and advection (CAM) to provide a reference for extending laboratory knowledge to natural volcanic systems. Laboratory results include: (a) steam-driven thermal anomalies are more sensitive to changes in flow rates than variations in steam temperature; (b) condensation depth significantly affects the surface thermal response, with shallower condensation resulting in earlier detection; and (c) a low initial water content in the medium drastically reduces the detection time, while further increase in water content have minimal effect. The CAM model fits experimental results better than the CM, suggesting that non-condensed vapor flows through the surface at active volcanoes. A thermal anomaly of 1 K is estimated to appear at the surface approximately 0.7–120 years after degassing begins in the underlying hydrothermal system. The emergence of these anomalies depends on crust permeability, thermal properties, steam flow dynamics, and hydrothermal system depth. Quantifying these parameters is crucial, as they influence the detection of thermal anomalies, a key precursor to volcanic eruptions.</p>","PeriodicalId":15864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","volume":"130 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025JB031598","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145037685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrodynamic Erosion Phase Diagram and Bulk Permeability Evolution in Filled Rough-Walled Fractures","authors":"Hong-Bin Liu,&nbsp;Jia-Qing Zhou,&nbsp;Changdong Li,&nbsp;Yi-Feng Chen,&nbsp;Huiming Tang,&nbsp;Ran Hu,&nbsp;Zhibing Yang","doi":"10.1029/2025JB032250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JB032250","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Natural fractures are commonly filled with materials such as sediments and mineral cements. Under hydrodynamic conditions, these infillings may be scoured, eroded, or removed, leading to alterations in pore structure and bulk permeability. However, the mechanisms driving these changes, particularly the interactions between hydrodynamic conditions, particle migration, and permeability evolution, remain insufficiently understood. In this study, we conducted a series of visual hydrodynamic erosion experiments on fully-filled, rough-walled fractures with varying apertures and roughness characteristics. Using well-calibrated image monitoring and processing techniques, we tracked the erosion process in real time and quantified the resulting eroded flow channels. The results identify five distinct stages across the entire erosion process: particle incipient motion, erosion initiation along with channel penetration, erosion acceleration, deceleration, and depletion. The compiled phase diagrams indicate that the Reynolds number plays a decisive role in erosion dynamics, with fracture aperture serving as the primary geometric control while roughness having a comparatively weaker impact under the identical hydrodynamic condition. We further developed two phenomenological models to predict the variations of erosion ratio and bulk permeability throughout the erosion process. These models capture the effects of Reynolds number, aperture, and roughness on the initiation, growth, and stabilization of erosion and permeability changes. These findings offer a deeper understanding of how hydrodynamic forces drive erosion in complex fracture systems and provide valuable insights into various fields concerned with the coupled issues of seepage and erosion.</p>","PeriodicalId":15864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","volume":"130 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145022155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthetic Feasibility Study of Enhancing Resolution of Earth's Three-Dimensional Interior Conductivity Using Ionospheric and Magnetospheric Sources","authors":"Zhengyong Ren,&nbsp;Zhuo Chen,&nbsp;Chaojian Chen,&nbsp;Hongbo Yao,&nbsp;Zhengguang Liu,&nbsp;Jingtian Tang,&nbsp;Linan Xu,&nbsp;Keke Zhang","doi":"10.1029/2024JB030512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JB030512","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We develop a three-dimensional joint inversion framework in spherical coordinate system to invert both ionospheric and magnetospheric signals from geomagnetic observatories to constrain the Earth's mantle conductivity. The methodology is built upon frequency-mesh parallelism and multiscale tetrahedral grid finite element electromagnetic forward modeling, which enables accurate representation of the heterogeneous conductivity distribution across oceanic, terrestrial, and coastal regions. The effectiveness of this approach is validated using synthetic data sets based on a checkerboard model and a Circum-Pacific subduction model. Experiments demonstrate that joint inversion successfully reconstructs conductivity structure at depths from 100 to 1,600 km, improving upper mantle resolution compared to using magnetospheric data only. The joint inversion effectively reconstructs most subduction zones, underscoring its effectiveness in resolving the conductivity structure of upper mantle. Applying this technique to actual geomagnetic data in the future will refine three-dimensional models of the upper mantle and mantle transition zone, thereby offering crucial insights into deep Earth water cycling.</p>","PeriodicalId":15864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","volume":"130 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145021872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Systematic Search for Tectonic Tremor and Low-Frequency Earthquakes in the Atacama Segment of the Chilean Subduction Zone Turns Up Empty","authors":"Jannes Münchmeyer,&nbsp;William B. Frank,&nbsp;Sophie Giffard-Roisin,&nbsp;David Marsan,&nbsp;Frederik Tilmann,&nbsp;Marcos Moreno,&nbsp;Anne Socquet","doi":"10.1029/2025JB031283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JB031283","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Subduction megathrusts release stress not only seismically through earthquakes, but also through creep and transient slow deformation, called slow slip events (SSEs). Understanding the interplay between fast and slow slip is essential for illuminating the deformation processes on the subduction interface. The Chilean subduction margin, while one of the most seismically active regions worldwide, has few reports of SSEs. Furthermore, there are no comprehensive reports of tectonic tremors or low-frequency earthquakes (LFEs), seismic signals typically accompanying SSEs, tracking deformation at small spatial and temporal scales. Here, we perform a systematic search for tectonic tremors and LFEs in the Atacama segment in Northern Chile, a region hosting both shallow and deep SSEs. Using dense seismic networks, we investigate 3.3 years between November 2020 and February 2024. Due to the network geometry, we focus on deep tremor and LFEs. We apply two complementary methods, envelope correlation for tremor search and deep learning detection for LFEs, to generate initial catalogs. To validate the potential detections, we use clustering, matched filtering, heuristics, and extensive manual inspection. While our initial search provides numerous candidates, after verification, we find no evidence for tectonic tremor or LFEs in the region. In contrast, our approaches successfully recover tremors and LFEs in two reference regions outside Chile with known tremor and LFE activity. Our observations show that tremors and LFEs in Northern Chile are either of lower moment rate than in other regions, have substantially longer recurrence rates, or are absent altogether, potentially due to the cold subduction.</p>","PeriodicalId":15864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","volume":"130 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025JB031283","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145012658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Fate of the Oceanic Slab During Subducting Beneath the Cratonic Lithosphere: Implications for the Subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate Beneath East Asia","authors":"Yongming Wang,&nbsp;Peng Chen,&nbsp;Jinshui Huang,&nbsp;Yang Li","doi":"10.1029/2025JB031183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JB031183","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The subduction of the Western Pacific plate has been proposed to play a crucial role in the reactivation and destruction of the North China Craton (NCC). However, how the Paleo-Pacific plate subduction affects the lithospheric evolution of the NCC remains unclear. Here, we perform 2-D numerical simulations to study the slab dynamics of an oceanic-continental subduction system. We find that the evolution of the subducted slabs is primarily controlled by the intrinsic density and compositional viscosity contrasts between the overriding lithosphere and the normal mantle, as well as the negative Clapeyron slope of the 660-km phase change, which impedes slab subduction. Generally, a higher density contrast or a larger Clapeyron slope facilitates the flattening and stagnation of the subducted slab. With moderate Clapeyron slopes (e.g., −2.0–−1.0 MPa/K), the subducted slabs are temporally stagnant at the transition zone depth for intermediate density contrast (e.g., −50 kg/m³) or move beneath the overriding lithosphere as a flat-subduction mode for large density contrast (e.g., −75 kg/m³). For smaller density contrasts (e.g., −25 kg/m³), the subducted slabs always directly pass through the 660-km depth into the lower mantle regardless of the Clapeyron slope. Moreover, an increased strength of the overriding lithosphere efficiently promotes the penetration of the subducted slabs into the lower mantle. Our numerical results suggest that the subduction of the Paleo-Pacific plate beneath Eastern Asia is more likely to be in a short-lived stagnation or flat-subduction style rather than in a long-lived stagnation style.</p>","PeriodicalId":15864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","volume":"130 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperature Dependence of the Low-Frequency Electrical Properties of Partially Frozen Rocks","authors":"Jonas K. Limbrock,&nbsp;Maximilian Weigand,&nbsp;Andreas Kemna","doi":"10.1029/2024JB030870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JB030870","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The spectral induced polarization (SIP) method is increasingly used for ice-content quantification and thermal characterization of permafrost sites. To improve interpretation, we must understand how low-frequency conduction and polarization in rocks vary with temperature, ice content, textures, and mineralogies under partially frozen conditions. This study investigates SIP signatures of six solid rock and two loose sediment samples from Alpine permafrost sites with different texture and mineralogy in a frequency range between 10 mHz and 45 kHz during controlled freeze-thaw cycles down to <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>−</mo>\u0000 <mn>40</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${-}40$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math><span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>°</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${}^{circ}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>C. All samples exhibit resistivity magnitude increases with decreasing temperature, freezing-point depression, and thermal hysteresis. Spectral phase responses reflect the well-known temperature-dependent relaxation behavior of ice at higher frequencies, with variations in shape and strength. These are linked to rock and pore water properties, such as texture, mineralogy, and salinity. The presented findings reveal that the investigated electrical properties are predominantly controlled by the presence of ice and its temperature-dependent conduction and polarization mechanisms. The results provide novel insights into the electrical behavior of partially frozen rocks, underline the importance of hysteresis effects, and show potential challenges in SIP-based ice content and temperature estimation. The presented data set also makes a significant addition to existing data facilitating future model development.</p>","PeriodicalId":15864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","volume":"130 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JB030870","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144929485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}