Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth最新文献

{"title":"Laboratory Insights on Hydraulic Fracture Closure and Stress Measurement","authors":"Zhi Ye,&nbsp;Ahmad Ghassemi","doi":"10.1029/2024JB029854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JB029854","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Reliable knowledge of the magnitudes and orientations of in situ stress is essential for scientific and engineering activities in the subsurface, particularly in energy and storage applications. A common technique for determining the minimum principal stress (S₃) is to interpret the fracture closure pressure from the pressure decline transient during the shut-in phase of hydraulic fracturing. However, existing methods for interpreting fracture closure pressure often yield inconsistent results, leading to significant uncertainties in determining the minimum principal stress. To address this issue, we conducted a series of controlled laboratory injection/fall-off experiments on various rock types using different injection fluids to demonstrate the physical processes of fracture closure. Our results indicate that fracture closure follows a three-stage process, with the onset of mechanical closure during Stage 2 providing the most reliable estimate of S₃. Building on these findings, we propose using the early deviation on dP/dG versus <i>G</i> plot, corresponding to the beginning of Stage 2, for fracture closure analysis, as it consistently yields reliable stress estimates in both laboratory and field-scale hydraulic fracturing stress measurements. Additionally, our laboratory results suggest that the instantaneous shut-in pressure (ISIP) method could provide reasonable but higher-bound estimates of the minimum principal stress, indicating the potential value of integrating fracture closure pressure and ISIP for more accurate stress measurements. This study not only clarifies fracture closure analysis for stress determination but also offers a comprehensive understanding of the physics governing fracture closure during the shut-in phase of hydraulic fracturing operations.</p>","PeriodicalId":15864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","volume":"130 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144558087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Discontinuous Galerkin Method for Simulating 3D Seismic Wave Propagation in Nonlinear Rock Models: Verification and Application to the Mw 7.8 2015 Gorkha, Nepal Earthquake","authors":"Zihua Niu,&nbsp;Alice-Agnes Gabriel,&nbsp;Sebastian Wolf,&nbsp;Thomas Ulrich,&nbsp;Vladimir Lyakhovsky,&nbsp;Heiner Igel","doi":"10.1029/2025JB031378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JB031378","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The nonlinear mechanical responses of rocks and soils to seismic waves play an important role in earthquake physics, influencing ground motion from source to site. Continuous geophysical monitoring, such as ambient noise interferometry, has revealed co-seismic wave speed reductions extending tens of kilometers from earthquake sources. However, the mechanisms governing these changes remain challenging to model, especially at regional scales. Using a nonlinear damage model constrained by laboratory experiments, we develop and apply an open-source 3D discontinuous Galerkin method to simulate regional co-seismic wave speed changes during the 2015 M_<i>w</i> 7.8 Gorkha earthquake. We find pronounced spatial variations of co-seismic wave speed reduction, ranging from &lt;0.01% to &gt;50%, particularly close to the source and within the Kathmandu Basin, while disagreement with observations remains. The most significant reduction occurs within the sedimentary basin and varies with basin depths, whereas wave speed reductions correlate with the fault slip distribution near the source. By comparing ground motions from simulations with elastic, viscoelastic, elastoplastic, and nonlinear damage rheologies, we demonstrate that the nonlinear damage model effectively captures low-frequency ground motion amplification due to strain-dependent wave speed reductions in soft sediments. We verify the accuracy of our approach through comparisons with analytical solutions and assess its scalability on high-performance computing systems. The model shows near-linear strong and weak scaling up to 2,048 nodes, enabling efficient large-scale simulations. Our findings provide a physics-based framework to quantify nonlinear earthquake effects and emphasize the importance of damage-induced wave speed variations for seismic hazard assessment and ground motion predictions.</p>","PeriodicalId":15864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","volume":"130 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025JB031378","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144558182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Another Simple Test for the Presence of Multidomain Behavior During Paleointensity Experiments","authors":"Alexander W. Tully,&nbsp;Greig A. Paterson","doi":"10.1029/2025JB031608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JB031608","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Paleointensity measurements are vital for understanding the deep Earth and the evolution of the geomagnetic field, however, they suffer from non-ideal behavior that compromises the fidelity of the results. In an attempt to screen for non-ideal behavior in paleointensity experiments, selection criteria are used. One such non-ideal behavior is partial thermoremanent magnetization tails, which in the IZZI protocol result in a zig-zagging pattern on an Arai plot. While checks for these tails can be performed, these are not routinely used in experiments. We set out a new framework with which to create, develop, and re-assess selection criteria before applying it to our proposed new selection statistic, <i>Ziggie</i>, which is specific to detecting zig-zagging behavior. In creating <i>Ziggie</i>, we have attempted to define a criterion that is able to objectively and robustly identify the target behavior, consistently provide a quantifiable assessment of the target behavior, and is predominately sensitive to the target behavior while being free of undue influences. Other pre-existing statistics identifying Arai plot zig-zag, <i>Z</i>*, <i>IZZI_MD</i>, <i>β</i>, and <i>SCAT</i>, are also tested, but fail to meet all requirements. When a criterion of <i>Ziggie</i> ≤ 0.1 is applied to real IZZI data we find an overall improvement in the results and suggest the adoption of this criterion in future IZZI analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":15864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","volume":"130 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025JB031608","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144558009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Measurements on the Coefficient of Restitution of Colliding Irregular Volcanic Particles","authors":"Francesco Neglia,&nbsp;Emanuele Caruso,&nbsp;Fabio Dioguardi,&nbsp;Daniela Mele,&nbsp;Damiano Sarocchi,&nbsp;Roberto Sulpizio","doi":"10.1029/2024JB030445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JB030445","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Dense volcanic granular flows are polydisperse in terms of grain size and density, and their flow characteristics are mainly governed by particle-particle collisions and frictional forces acting at the boundaries. The parameter measuring the energy dissipation during the collisions is the coefficient of restitution (&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;e&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; $e$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;), which is proportional to the fraction of the original energy stored in the colliding particles that is restored to the same ones after the collision. &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;e&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; $e$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; is fundamental in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical models to simulate multiphase granular flows because it is required to solve the particles motion and the particle-particle momentum exchange. The calculation of &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;e&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; $e$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; for irregular volcanic particles is an unsolved challenging problem, which is here addressed by colliding particles through a pendulum-type instrumental apparatus. &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;e&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; $e$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; was calculated for volcanic particles with different density (&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;ρ&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; $rho $&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;), diameter (&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;d&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; $d$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;) and particles size ratio (&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;d&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mtext&gt;ratio&lt;/mtext&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; ${d}_{text{ratio}}$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;), and the data were used to obtain linear relationships between &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;e&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; $e$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; and the investigated parameters. Afterward, a multicollinearity analysis and a multiple regression were applied to all data to adequately predict","PeriodicalId":15864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","volume":"130 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JB030445","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144564125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"14 Years of Slip on the Hikurangi Subduction Zone","authors":"Sylvain Michel,&nbsp;Romain Jolivet,&nbsp;Emilie Klein,&nbsp;Louise Maubant","doi":"10.1029/2024JB030865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JB030865","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Slow slip events (SSEs) on the Hikurangi subduction megathrust in New Zealand have been studied extensively. However, we lack a comprehensive and consistent catalog over a long time period since 2010. Recent studies have focused on short time periods and rarely provide a time dependent image of slip during SSEs, let alone between SSEs. In addition, the use of different methods, parametrizations and data sets does not allow to compare SSEs at different periods of time. Our study aims to model the spatio-temporal history of slip of the subduction, devoid of temporal smoothing, over the entire 2009–2023 time period based on GNSS time series. We combine an Independent Component Analysis decomposition with an inversion scheme to derive a history of accelerations and slowdowns of aseismic fault slip on the megathrust. We then combine a SSE detection procedure with an inter-SSE linear trend correction to reference this slip time series to the inter-SSE loading rate and build a catalog of 27 SSEs. We observe a change in the behavior of SSEs after the 2016 Kaikoura earthquake with respect to the pre-Kaikoura period, highlighted by changes in the slip frequency content. We finally evaluate using a Bayesian approach the subduction inter-SSE coupling map, the SSEs cumulative slip between 2009 and 2023, to constrain the distribution of locked regions over 14 years and conclude that moment deficit accumulates mostly under Wellington peninsula at a rate of 4.9 ± 0.5 10¹⁸ N.m/yr.</p>","PeriodicalId":15864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","volume":"130 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JB030865","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144558088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interseismic Megathrust Coupling at the Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica","authors":"Mason Perry,&nbsp;Cyril Muller,&nbsp;Marino Protti,&nbsp;Lujia Feng,&nbsp;Emma M. Hill","doi":"10.1029/2024JB030641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JB030641","url":null,"abstract":"<p>At the Osa Peninsula in southern Costa Rica, magnitude &gt;7 earthquakes have been generated along the Middle American trench in 1904, 1941, and 1983 following a ∼40-year recurrence interval, suggesting a rupture may be impending. However, regional interseismic coupling remains poorly constrained, largely due to sparse observations that are likely contaminated by aliasing effects of repeating shallow slow slip events (SSEs) that occur roughly every 4 years, but were only discovered recently. These SSEs, while likely reducing megathrust coupling near the trench, may load or trigger the next rupture of the 1983 asperity. Using new continuous Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data from an updated and densified regional network, we derive inter-SSE rates of deformation and invert for slip deficit and megathrust coupling along the Middle American Trench, implementing block modeling to correct for the motion of the Panama microplate. We invert for slow slip and remove a time-averaged estimate of cumulative slow slip from our models. Our results indicate that the region of highest inter-SSE coupling (&gt;0.8) corresponds with the spatial extent of SSE slip. We also find that SSEs are sufficient to release nearly all the elastic strain accumulated over their 4-year recurrence interval in localized regions. Accounting for this, in the region immediately downdip of the slow slip patch—the same region thought to have ruptured in the 1983 <i>M</i>_w 7.4 event—we estimate an interseismic coupling ratio of ∼0.5–0.7 corresponding to ∼1.75–2 m of accumulated slip deficit since 1983, sufficient to generate a similar magnitude rupture in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":15864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","volume":"130 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JB030641","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144550875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Finite Size Effects on Seismicity Induced by Fluid Injection in a Discrete Fault Network With Rate-and-State Friction","authors":"Taeho Kim,&nbsp;Kyungjae Im,&nbsp;Jean-Philippe Avouac","doi":"10.1029/2024JB030243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JB030243","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The seismicity rate model of J. Dieterich (1994, https://doi.org/10.1029/93jb02581) has been used extensively in recent years to model induced seismicity in fluid injection settings. In this study, we highlight its major assumptions and examine how they may bias the interpretations of inferred model parameters when applied to induced seismicity observed in real reservoirs. We do so by comparing the model to numerical simulations of induced earthquakes in a discrete fault network (DFN). The seismicity patterns show significant differences between the DFN and Dietrich model. In particular, DFN simulations show the development of a backfront during the injection due to the exhaustion of available nucleation sources and a shut-off of near-well seismicity due to aseismic slip at high pore pressure. When matched to the DFN catalogs, both the background seismicity rate parameter, <i>R</i>_<i>b</i>, and the direct effect rate-and-state friction parameter, <i>a</i>, of the Dieterich model both significantly underestimate the same parameters of the DFN. We recall the seismicity induced by the 1993 stimulation of the GPK1 injection well in Soultz-Sous-For<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mover>\u0000 <mi>e</mi>\u0000 <mo>ˆ</mo>\u0000 </mover>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $widehat{mathrm{e}}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>ts for evidence of co-injection backfronts and aseismic slip among small faults. We do not discount the use of the Dieterich model—they successfully reproduce seismicity simulated from a wide range of initial conditions and fault network conditions—but emphasize that interpretations of inferred parameters must take into account finite size effects that are neglected by the model's original assumptions.</p>","PeriodicalId":15864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","volume":"130 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JB030243","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144551253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Directional Dependence of Magnetization and Coercivity in Hematite Ore Experimentally Deformed in Torsion","authors":"Eduard Petrovský,&nbsp;Matěj Machek,&nbsp;Ramon Egli,&nbsp;Vladimír Kusbach,&nbsp;Zuzana Roxerová,&nbsp;Erik Rybacki","doi":"10.1029/2024JB031033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JB031033","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rock-magnetic properties are widely used to resolve the composition, concentration, size, shape, and alignment of iron oxides in rock samples. Although anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility is measured routinely, acquisition of remanent magnetization as well as hysteresis loops are usually measured in one direction only. This may lead to biased interpretation of the results. In our study, observation of strong directional dependence of remanence acquisition curves and hysteresis loops in experimentally deformed samples of hematite ore is reported. While the original undeformed hematite ore sample exhibited magnetic properties practically independent of the direction, the specimens which experienced deformation in torsion showed significant anisotropy. For example, the anisotropy of saturation magnetization reached several tens of percent. Our results suggest that experimental deformation resulted in neoformation of magnetite nanoparticles, as well as shift of the original hematite coercivity spectra toward lower values. These findings have significant impact on the remanent and induced magnetization measurement protocols and interpretation of the data. Anisotropy of these parameters should be checked at least in cases when hematite is assumed to be present in the samples, or the samples underwent creep deformation.</p>","PeriodicalId":15864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","volume":"130 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JB031033","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144524641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A ∼700-km-Long Fossil Tonian Magmatic Arc Belt Hidden Within the Yangtze Block's Interior, South China","authors":"Zhidong Gu,&nbsp;Junyong Li,&nbsp;Xiaolei Wang,&nbsp;Ya Xu,&nbsp;Xiufen Zhai","doi":"10.1029/2024JB030825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JB030825","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fossil magmatic arcs preserve important archives of juvenile magmatism, crustal growth and differentiation, thereby aiding in our understanding of continental evolutionary histories. However, some ancient arcs are situated in continental interiors, where they are buried beneath thick cover sequences, making their identification challenging. Here, we present a data set of deep boreholes, geochronology, geochemistry and geophysics to investigate the basement properties and evolution of the Sichuan Basin in the Yangtze Block, South China. These results provide evidence for a large Tonian magmatic arc belt hidden within the Yangtze Block's interior. Seven deep boreholes (∼3,600–6,500 m) penetrating into basin basement, together with geochronology and 3D seismic reflection profiles, show extensive Tonian (ca. 820–770 Ma) rhyolite/granites overlain by Ediacaran sediments. Aeromagnetic data delineate a NE-SW-trending, ∼700-km-long positive magnetic anomaly belt (PMAB) across the central basin, indicating the presence of (ultra-) mafic rocks in lower crust. Petrogenetic analyses indicate that the Tonian felsic rocks drilled within PMAB range were likely derived from a juvenile arc basaltic source. Thus, we interpret the PMAB recorded input of mantle-derived melts and their subsequent evolution into granitic magmas, associated with a Tonian arc magmatic front that once occurred in the Yangtze Block's interior. Our finding broadens the range of the Tonian continental arc system in the region, reaching at least 400–900 km landward from block's northwestern margin. Such a broad orogenic system played a vital role in continental evolution, element recycling and basin formation of the Yangtze Block.</p>","PeriodicalId":15864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","volume":"130 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144515129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring Dynamic Magma Movement in the Lower Crust During the 2015 Eruption of Axial Seamount","authors":"Li Wang,&nbsp;Qin Wang,&nbsp;Youyi Ruan","doi":"10.1029/2024JB030481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JB030481","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Observations of lower crustal magma movement during a volcanic eruption are critical to understanding the magma dynamics in the plumbing system and the mechanism that controls the eruption. However, capturing the local and transient magmatic process in the lower crust is seismically challenging, and therefore the dynamic magma movement has been poorly observed. Axial Seamount, an active submarine volcano located at the intersection of the Juan de Fuca Ridge and the Cobb Hotspot and monitored by a permanent cabled array, provides an unprecedented opportunity to study lower crustal magma movement. Here, we use a novel marine geophysical method, Rayleigh-wave admittance, to reconstruct top-lower crustal shear-wave velocity (<i>Vs</i>) variation from 3 months before the latest eruption on 24 April 2015, to March 2022. From the variations of daily <i>Vs</i> in the top-lower crust, we discovered a localized multi-stage magma movement in the top-lower crustal channel beneath the southeast caldera. This multi-stage process reveals a complete pressure evolution in the crustal plumbing system through an eruption cycle of Axial Seamount, which may be applicable to eruptions in ridge-hotspot interactive volcanoes. In particular, the exponential decrease in <i>Vs</i> initiated 8 weeks before the eruption indicates a pre-eruption magma accumulation in the top-lower crustal channel. This accumulation drove the crustal plumbing system to a critical overpressure state and subsequently induced the 2015 eruption. The exponential decrease in <i>Vs</i> caused by lower-crustal magma accumulation therefore provides a timely warning for eruption forecasting several weeks in advance.</p>","PeriodicalId":15864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","volume":"130 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144514585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}