Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery最新文献

{"title":"Effect of intraoperative positioning on anesthetic variables in cats undergoing a perineal urethrostomy.","authors":"Christine Ruffin, Chad Schmiedt, Stephanie Dantino, Mandy L Wallace, Janet A Grimes, Brian Sutherland","doi":"10.1177/1098612X261456257","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1098612X261456257","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectivesCats undergoing perineal urethrostomy (PU) often have acute kidney injury (AKI). Minimizing additional kidney injury during anesthesia is critical to prevent exacerbation of AKI. The impact of surgical positioning for PU on anesthetic variables is unknown. This study evaluated pre-, intra- and postoperative variables in cats undergoing PU in sternal (SR) or dorsal recumbency (DR). We hypothesized that there would not be a significant difference in anesthetic complications and postoperative serum creatinine (SCr) concentrations in cats positioned in SR compared with those positioned in DR.MethodsMedical records of 97 client-owned cats undergoing PU in SR (n = 55) or DR (n = 42) were retrospectively reviewed. Cats undergoing procedures in addition to PU were excluded. Data collection included signalment, number of preoperative obstructive episodes, pre- and postoperative SCr, surgical and anesthetic duration, drugs in the anesthetic regimen, and presence and duration of intraoperative hypotension, hypertension, bradycardia, tachycardia, hypoventilation and hypothermia. Data were compared using Mann-Whitney U or Fisher's exact tests.ResultsA significant difference was detected in the number of preoperative obstructive episodes in cats undergoing PU in SR compared with DR (SR median episodes 2 [range 0-5], DR median episodes 2 [range 1-6]; <i>P</i> = 0.0074). No other differences were identified in preoperative or intraoperative variables. Postoperative SCr and change from preoperative SCr did not differ between groups.Conclusions and relevanceAnalysis of these data demonstrate no measurable differences in anesthetic parameters or postoperative outcomes in cats undergoing PU in SR or DR. The statistical difference between groups relative to preoperative obstructive episodes does not appear to be clinically relevant. Thus, we accept our hypothesis and conclude that SR or DR positioning should not be a consideration in establishing an optimized anesthetic experience for cats with urethral obstruction-associated AKI. Surgeon preference should continue to be the driving force on positioning for a PU in cats.</p>","PeriodicalId":15851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"1098612X261456257"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13392309/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147987707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasonographic findings of feline large intestinal adenocarcinoma and high-grade lymphoma.","authors":"Joe Khodari, Agustina Anson, Dominique Penninck","doi":"10.1177/1098612X261458018","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1098612X261458018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectivesThe aim of this retrospective study was to describe the ultrasonographic findings of cats with large intestinal adenocarcinoma (ACA) and high-grade lymphoma (LSA).MethodsCats diagnosed with large intestinal neoplasia with a complete abdominal ultrasound were included in the study. Signalment, clinical history, physical examination, blood work and outcome data were collected. Tumor location, length, wall thickness and layering, echogenicity, lymphadenopathy, effusion, ulceration and obstruction were recorded.ResultsA total of 44 cats had ACA, with the colon affected in 28/44 cats and the ileocolic junction (ICJ) affected in 16/44 cats. The ACA tumors had a median length of 23 mm and a median wall thickening of 9 mm. Regional lymphadenopathy was noted in 29/44 cats, with a median thickness of 6.05 mm. Obstruction was observed in 30% of the cats with ACA. In total, 38 cats were diagnosed with high-grade LSA, primarily affecting the ICJ in 20/38 cats, the colon in 14/38 cats and multiple sites within the gastrointestinal tract in 4/38 cats. In addition, 7/38 cats had other organ involvement. The LSA tumors had a median length of 40.3 mm and a median wall thickening of 15 mm. Regional lymphadenopathy was noted in 31/38 cats, with a median thickness of 8.6 mm. Obstruction was present in 11% of the cats with LSA. Both tumor types commonly appeared as transmural hypoechoic thickening with loss of wall layering. The median survival time for cats with large intestinal ACA and LSA was 19 days and 23 days, respectively.Conclusions and relevanceCats with large intestinal ACA and LSA shared a similar clinical presentation. ACA and LSA share similar ultrasonographic features; however, LSA lesions are typically thicker and longer and are associated with more frequent and pronounced lymphadenopathy than ACA lesions. ACAs are more likely to cause obstruction, whereas LSA tumors tend to have a multicentric distribution. Because imaging findings overlap, cytologic or histologic sampling remains essential for definitive diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":15851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"1098612X261458018"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13392329/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148042713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sarcopenia, cachexia and frailty in older cats: Mechanisms, assessment and therapeutic considerations.","authors":"Marjorie Chandler","doi":"10.1177/1098612X261426765","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1098612X261426765","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Practical relevance: </strong>Age-related muscle loss due to sarcopenia and cachexia is common in mammals and is likely a major contributor to frailty in older cats. Frailty adversely affects quality of life and is a predictor of survival time. In some cats, excess body fat is preserved but muscle mass is lost, a condition termed sarcopenic obesity. Although the mechanisms underlying sarcopenia and cachexia have been studied in humans, the pathophysiology has not been well studied in cats.</p><p><strong>Clinical challenges: </strong>Early diagnosis of muscle loss by a muscle condition score may aid therapeutic intervention, and epaxial muscle ultrasound offers a promising adjunctive diagnostic tool. In humans, muscle strength predicts adverse outcomes; however, direct measurement of this is difficult in cats. Furthermore, in humans, physical performance is used as an estimate of muscle strength; in cats, it may be possible to estimate strength and function by activity. The development and use of a frailty score, which incorporates activity along with other measurements, will provide a valuable tool, which may improve the assessment of the effects of sarcopenia in cats, including their quality of life and possibly survival time.Therapeutic considerations:Anabolic resistance to muscle synthesis may result in increased dietary protein requirements. Some older cats may also have decreased fat and protein digestion, sometimes concurrently with decreased serum cobalamin and vitamin E. These nutritional requirements should be addressed along with feeding management practices.Recent advances and future prospects:New therapeutic interventions for sarcopenia are being investigated for humans, often in conjunction with resistance exercise; however, their safety and efficacy have not been evaluated in cats. Further research in this area presents an opportunity to improve the health and longevity of ageing cats.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The aim of this review is to describe the pathophysiology, diagnosis and potential treatment of feline muscle loss. Further aims are to encourage early diagnosis and treatment of muscle loss by clinicians and to inspire more research in this area.</p>","PeriodicalId":15851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery","volume":"28 7","pages":"1098612X261426765"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13408056/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148592111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diode laser surgery for palpebral apocrine cystadenomatosis: a retrospective case series of four cats.","authors":"Sarah Pariente, Elisa Perrone, Charlotte Barbé, Frédéric Goulle, Sébastien Viaud","doi":"10.1177/1098612X261446575","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1098612X261446575","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Case series summaryThis report represents a retrospective case series of feline palpebral apocrine cystadenomatosis (PAC). Between 2019 and 2024, four client-owned cats (three Persian cats, one Siberian cat) were referred to the ophthalmology and dermatology departments of a private veterinary hospital for one or more greyish lesions of the eyelids that had been evolving for 1 month to 1 year. Three cats underwent histological examination, with a diagnosis of PAC. In the fourth case, this could not be performed as the single lesion ruptured during surgery. All cats were treated by diode laser vaporisation under general anaesthesia. No recurrence was reported at any previously treated sites, including the first case, which was followed up for 6 years.Relevance and novel informationPAC is a rare benign cutaneous proliferation of modified apocrine glands of the eyelid (glands of Moll), mainly described in Persian cats. It presents as one or more greyish cysts of varying sizes. To the authors' knowledge, this case series is the first to report multiple feline cases of PAC treated with diode laser vaporisation. Diode laser surgery appeared safe, well tolerated and effective, with minimal postoperative pain or inflammation and no recurrence observed at treated sites. This technique represents a practical alternative to carbon dioxide laser treatment. However, its clinical use may be limited by equipment cost, the need for appropriate operator training and the risk of collateral thermal injury if inappropriate settings are applied.</p>","PeriodicalId":15851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"1098612X261446575"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13354890/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147773413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiographic patterns and lesion associations in feline pelvic trauma.","authors":"Anna Zurlo, Martina Manfredi, Giulia Sala, Fulvio Cappellari, Liliana Carnevale, Chiara Giudice, Eva Spada, Mauro Di Giancamillo, Maurizio Longo","doi":"10.1177/1098612X261448440","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1098612X261448440","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectivesPelvic fractures are common in feline trauma patients and often involve multiple structures due to the rigid anatomy of the pelvis. This study aimed to investigate the radiographic distribution of pelvic lesions in cats, to identify potential correlations among specific pelvic lesions and to evaluate the relationship between lesion type and total number of lesions.MethodsA retrospective bicentric study was conducted on cats presenting with pelvic trauma, based on orthogonal pelvic radiographs. Pelvic lesions were classified anatomically, and statistical analyses were performed to evaluate associations among different lesion types and between lesion type and total number of lesions.ResultsA total of 80 cats with pelvic trauma were included. A total of 267 pelvic lesions were identified, with a mean of three lesions per patient, and most cats (91.2%) had multiple pelvic lesions. Sacroiliac luxation was the most common lesion. Positive statistically significant associations were identified between (1) left and right sacroiliac luxation (ρ = 0.20, <i>P</i> = 0.036), (2) sacroiliac luxation with contralateral iliac fracture (ρ = 0.21, <i>P</i> = 0.030; ρ = 0.24, <i>P</i> = 0.017) and (3) pubic fractures with ipsilateral ischial fractures (ρ = 0.53, <i>P</i> <0.001; ρ = 0.37, <i>P</i> <0.001). Unilateral sacroiliac luxation, pubic, ischial and pelvic symphyseal fractures were never observed in isolation, whereas coxofemoral luxation often occurred as a solitary lesion.Conclusions and relevanceFeline pelvic trauma frequently results in complex, multi-site lesion patterns, and consistent associations among specific lesions suggest predictable biomechanical behaviour within the pelvic ring. Recognition of these patterns may assist clinicians in the systematic radiographic evaluation of feline pelvic trauma and facilitate detection of additional, potentially occult lesions.</p>","PeriodicalId":15851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"1098612X261448440"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13354866/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147773410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feline tarsal tumours: histological spectrum, risk factors and prognostic insights.","authors":"Gianmarco Lollo, Silvia Sabattini, Greta Foiani, Marta Vascellari, Antonella Rigillo, Erica Melchiotti, Laura Marconato","doi":"10.1177/1098612X261446336","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1098612X261446336","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectivesTarsal tumours are rare, but previous reports suggest a predilection for round cell tumours (RCTs) and soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) in this region. This study aimed to determine the proportion of RCTs among feline tarsal neoplasms, refine classification through histological revision and immunohistochemistry (IHC), assess potential risk factors and evaluate clinical outcomes based on tumour histotypes.MethodsA retrospective analysis of feline tarsal neoplasms diagnosed between 2010 and 2024 was conducted. Signalment, history, treatment and outcomes were collected for RCTs and STSs. All RCTs underwent histological review and IHC (CD3, CD20, CD79a, MUM-1, CD18, IBA-1, E-CAD). A diagnostic algorithm was applied to support the diagnostic process.ResultsA total of 34 cases were included: 18 RCTs and 16 STSs. In 39% of RCTs, the initial histotype was undetermined. After IHC and application of the diagnostic algorithm, 50% of cases were reclassified: seven plasma cell tumours, four progressive histiocytosis, three lymphomas, two histiocytic sarcomas and two undifferentiated RCTs. Male sex, older age and prior tarsal trauma were significantly associated with RCTs (<i>P</i> = 0.042, <i>P</i> = 0.048 and <i>P</i> = 0.009, respectively). Clinical signs and metastases at diagnosis were more frequent in RCTs (<i>P</i> = 0.019 and <i>P</i> = 0.001, respectively). RCT treatment included chemotherapy (n = 7), surgery (n = 5), surgery and chemotherapy (n = 2), prednisolone (n = 1) or none (n = 1); two cases lacked treatment data. All STSs were managed surgically without chemotherapy. Time to progression and median survival were significantly shorter for RCTs compared with STSs (139 vs 854 days; 173 vs not reached, respectively; <i>P</i> <0.001).Conclusions and relevanceThis study confirms that feline tarsal RCTs are a heterogeneous group of tumours with a poor prognosis. Risk factors may include male sex, older age and previous tarsal trauma. A standardised IHC panel combined with a diagnostic algorithm improved histotyping accuracy and should be adopted in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":15851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"1098612X261446336"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13354875/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147698933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5 clade 2.3.4.4 and human new pandemic H1N1 virus exposure in domestic cats with outdoor access in the Netherlands in 2024.","authors":"Mirjam Bhm Duijvestijn, Els M Broens, Nancy Nmp Schuurman, Johannes Cm Vernooij, Judith Ma van den Brand, Jaap A Wagenaar, Frank Jm van Kuppeveld, Josanne H Verhagen, Cornelis Am de Haan","doi":"10.1177/1098612X261461681","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1098612X261461681","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectivesCats are susceptible to highly pathogenic avian influenza H5 clade 2.3.4.4 (HPAI H5) and human new pandemic H1N1 (H1N1_pdm09) influenza A viruses. A simultaneous infection with multiple influenza A virus subtypes could potentially result in the generation of reassortant viruses with enhanced zoonotic potential. Previously, high seropositivity (11.8%) to HPAI H5 virus has been detected in rural stray cats in the Netherlands, presumably through contact with or feeding on infected birds. Seropositivity was much lower (0.46%) in concurrently sampled domestic cats with unknown outdoor access, which were frequently (4.6%) seropositive to H1N1_pdm09 virus. As outdoor access is expected to increase the risk of HPAI H5 exposure, in this study we determined seropositivity to HPAI H5 as well as H1N1_pdm09 in domestic cats with known outdoor access.MethodsIn 2024, sera from 254 outdoor cats were collected and screened for antibodies to HPAI H5 and H1N1_pdm09 virus using in-house developed ELISAs and haemagglutination inhibition assays (HAIs).ResultsAntibodies to HPAI H5 virus were detected in seven (2.8%) cat sera (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1-5.6) by ELISA, but not by HAI. Antibodies to H1N1_pdm09 were detected in 14 (5.5%) sera (95% CI 3.1-9.1), of which seven (2.8%) were positive by HAI (95% CI 1.1-5.6). Two sera (0.79%) reacted in ELISA to both HPAI H5 and H1N1_pdm09 (95% CI 0.1-2.8).Conclusions and relevanceAntibodies to both HPAI H5 and H1N1_pdm09 viruses were detected in outdoor domestic cats, with a higher seroprevalence for H1N1_pdm09. Seropositivity for HPAI H5 was higher than was previously detected in domestic cats with unknown outdoor access, but lower than in stray cats. This warrants further investigation into the potential role of outdoor domestic cats as mixing vessels and as a source of (novel) zoonotic viruses.</p>","PeriodicalId":15851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"1098612X261461681"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13379668/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148211545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum block vs lumbosacral epidural anesthesia in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy: a randomized pilot clinical trial.","authors":"Ravena O Mangabeira, Gabriel M Rodrigues, Clara L Moura, Vinícius J Moraes, Alice R de Oliveira, Alessandra Estrela-Lima, Vivian F Barbosa","doi":"10.1177/1098612X261460760","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1098612X261460760","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to compare analgesic and cardiopulmonary effects after bilateral ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum block (QLB) and lumbosacral epidural (LsE) with levobupivacaine in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy (OVH).MethodsA prospective, randomized, blinded clinical trial was conducted. A total of 20 healthy female cats were allocated (1:1) to the LsE group (0.4 ml/kg 0.25% levobupivacaine) or the QLB group (0.3 ml/kg 0.25% levobupivacaine per hemiabdomen). Cats were premedicated with dexmedetomidine 3 µg/kg and meloxicam 0.1 mg/kg. Anesthesia was performed using propofol variable rate infusion (adjusted to clinical depth). Heart rate, respiratory rate, hemoglobin oxygen saturation, end-tidal carbon dioxide and systolic, mean and diastolic arterial pressures were recorded at seven standardized surgical time points. Postoperative pain (UNESP-Botucatu multidimensional composite pain scale) and sedation were assessed up to 6 h after surgery; methadone (0.25 mg/kg IM) was administered as rescue analgesia when indicated. Recovery milestones and mean propofol infusion rates were also compared. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA, unpaired <i>t</i>-tests or non-parametric tests, as appropriate (<i>P</i> <0.05).ResultsNo significant between-group differences were detected for any cardiopulmonary variable (<i>P</i> >0.05), and no intraoperative rescue analgesia was required. Mean propofol infusion rates were similar (LsE 0.36 ± 0.07 vs QLB 0.39 ± 0.02 mg/kg/min; <i>P</i> = 0.0863). Postoperative pain scores did nor differ between groups. Only one cat in the QLB group required methadone at 6 h. Recovery milestones (extubation to standing: LsE 73 mins, QLB 79 mins; <i>P</i> = 0.4182) and sedation scores were comparable. No block-related complications or adverse events were observed.Conclusions and relevanceBilateral ultrasound-guided QLB with 0.25% levobupivacaine provided cardiopulmonary stability and early perioperative analgesic performance comparable to lumbosacral epidural anesthesia in cats premedicated with dexmedetomidine and meloxicam undergoing OVH, supporting its use as a clinical alternative, particularly when epidural access is contraindicated.</p>","PeriodicalId":15851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"1098612X261460760"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13379671/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148175987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibody responses to inactivated (adjuvanted) and attenuated (non-adjuvanted) feline panleukopaenia virus vaccination, including in different injection sites.","authors":"Mark E Westman, Evelyn Hall, Jacqueline M Norris, William Weir, Dawn Dunbar, Mike McDonald, Yasmin Parr, Stefanie Pan, Caitlin Martin, Eliza Wuestner, Maira Nascimento Meggiolaro, Mizuho Nakamura, Nerida Atkin, Rabia Hajjar, David Hughes, Richard Malik, Margaret J Hosie","doi":"10.1177/1098612X261450889","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1098612X261450889","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;ObjectivesVaccines have traditionally been administered to cats into the interscapular subcutaneous region ('scruff') for ease of restraining the cat while the vaccine is injected. Concern about feline injection-site sarcomas (FISSs) has prompted recommendations to use distal sites such as the hindlimb or tail, but evidence of adequate immune response at these sites is limited. This field study evaluated the antibody response to feline panleukopaenia virus (FPV) in kittens vaccinated with one of two commercial vaccines, injected at different sites.MethodsAn inactivated (killed), adjuvanted pentavalent vaccine (Fel-O-Vax 5; Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health Australia) was injected subcutaneously into the scruff, left distal hindlimb or proximal tail. A modified-live virus (attenuated [MLV]), non-adjuvanted trivalent vaccine (Feligen RCP; Virbac Animal Health Australia) was given into the scruff only. For the latter, an inactivated, adjuvanted monovalent feline leukaemia virus vaccine was administered concurrently into the contralateral scruff, left distal hindlimb or proximal tail. Only one FPV-containing vaccine was administered to each cat/kitten: either the inactivated vaccine given in one of the three different anatomical regions or the MLV vaccine given into the scruff only. Cats were re-vaccinated in the same site and using the same vaccine type. Kittens were randomly allocated into study groups according to order of recruitment. Kittens were sampled at four time points over 12 months (T0, T1, T2 and T12). Protective FPV antibody titres were determined by haemagglutination inhibition (HI; negative &lt;1:32, positive ⩾1:32).ResultsSamples from 100 kittens (T0, T1, T2) and 77 returning adult cats (T12) were available for FPV antibody testing (median age of kittens at T0 was 13 weeks, range 7-16). Eight kittens (8%) were found to be HI-positive at T0. Protective titres did not differ significantly among the three injection sites for the inactivated vaccine. Linear modelling demonstrated that antibody titres were higher in kittens given the MLV vaccine compared with kittens given the inactivated vaccine at T1 (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.006) and T12 (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.001). However, the proportion of kittens protected in each group (MLV vaccine vs inactivated vaccine) was the same. For most kittens (91%), a single vaccination was sufficient to produce protective antibody levels, irrespective of whether they were given the MLV (scruff) or inactivated vaccine (at any site). Age and sex had no effect on antibody titres after vaccination. Two kittens (2%) failed to achieve protective titres after two doses of vaccine and required re-vaccination between 16 and 18 weeks. Inexplicably, one (1%) adult cat lacked a protective antibody titre response at T12 despite earlier seroconversion.Conclusions and relevanceBoth inactivated and MLV vaccines induce protective titres against FPV. Although most kittens aged above 7 weeks are protected 1 month after a single vaccinatio","PeriodicalId":15851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"1098612X261450889"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13342360/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147838834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Azotaemia and outcomes in male cats with initial and recurrent urethral obstruction: a multicentre, retrospective study of 601 cats (2020-2024).","authors":"Victoria J Skinner, Mulan Zhong, Evelyn J Hall, Louis Mark Eramanis, Mary F Thompson","doi":"10.1177/1098612X261457846","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1098612X261457846","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectivesThis study aimed to compare the prevalence and time to resolution of azotaemia between male cats presented with initial and recurrent urethral obstruction (UO), and to evaluate risk factors for extended duration of urethral catheterisation and hospitalisation.MethodsA multicentre, retrospective study of male cats that underwent urethral catheterisation for UO was conducted. Cats were excluded if they did not have a UO on presentation, had previously diagnosed chronic kidney disease, had incomplete medical records or if they were referred by another clinic after decompression. Prevalence of azotaemia (serum or plasma creatinine >140 µmol/l) and time to resolution were compared between cats with initial and recurrent UO. Risk factors evaluated for extended duration of catheterisation and hospitalisation included signalment, history of UO, history of lower urinary tract signs (LUTS), diet, recent medications, lifestyle (indoor-only or indoor-outdoor), housing status (single or multi-cat) and azotaemia on presentation.ResultsCats were less likely to be azotaemic on presentation if they had a history of UO (<i>P</i> = 0.015) or LUTS (<i>P</i> = 0.014). Azotaemic cats were 1.92 times more likely to undergo a longer duration of catheterisation compared with non-azotaemic cats (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.40-2.65; <i>P</i> <0.001) and 1.81 times more likely to have a longer hospitalisation (95% CI 1.28-2.57; <i>P</i> <0.001). Resolution of azotaemia was achieved in less than 48 h in 89/127 (70.1%) cats that were azotaemic on presentation (95% CI 61.3-77.9). Recurrent UO was not associated with longer time to resolution of azotaemia (<i>P</i> = 0.395).Conclusions and relevanceCats are less likely to present with azotaemia during recurrent UO episodes, which might be due to increased caregiver vigilance. Resolution of azotaemia occurred within 48 h for most cats. There was no difference in catheterisation and hospitalisation duration between cats with initial and recurrent UO.</p>","PeriodicalId":15851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"1098612X261457846"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13342373/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148031339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}