{"title":"Enacting a Eudaimonic View: Development and Validation of a Questionnaire for Eudaimonic Well-Being in the Workplace","authors":"Yusuf Arslanparcasi","doi":"10.1007/s10902-026-01048-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-026-01048-w","url":null,"abstract":"Work serves as a primary determinant of employee well-being. Yet research has historically favored hedonic perspectives—focusing on job satisfaction and positive affect—over eudaimonic ones. While both approaches are complementary, there remains a critical paucity of validated measures specifically designed to capture eudaimonic well-being (EWB) within the unique constraints of organizational reality. Many existing EWB measures are context-free or rely on proxy measures that fail to reflect psychological well-being in the workplace. To address this gap, this study introduces and validates <italic>euwellbe</italic>, a novel 21-item questionnaire. Drawing on Ryff’s model of positive psychological functioning and work design research, the scale conceptualizes EWB through five components: meaningful work, autonomy, mastery, relationship with colleagues, and relationship with supervisors. Using a sample of 884 employees, confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated a satisfactory fit for this five-dimensional structure (<italic>χ</italic>² (184) = 678.24, <italic>p</italic> < .001, CFI = 0.944, TLI = 0.936, RMSEA = 0.059, SRMR = 0.059). All variables exhibited strong composite reliability (0.81–0.93) and sufficient convergent and discriminant validity. Furthermore, the results indicate that EWB in the workplace is a robust predictor of key outcomes, including job satisfaction and withdrawal behavior. This study contributes to the scholarly understanding of employee well-being by offering a theoretically grounded instrument for researchers and practitioners, effectively navigating the “conceptual quicksand” that has previously hindered eudaimonic operationalization.","PeriodicalId":15837,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Happiness Studies","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148355652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Subjective Well-Being and Voting for Protest Parties. A Mediation Analysis for Election Survey Data From Belgium, 2024","authors":"Marc Hooghe, Steven De Keyser, Dieter Stiers","doi":"10.1007/s10902-026-01061-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-026-01061-z","url":null,"abstract":"Most studies on protest voting assume that this form of electoral behaviour is related to an evaluation of the functioning of the political system. More recent research, however, indicates that protest voting might also be related to a more generalised form of dissatisfaction. In this paper, we investigate the relation between subjective well-being and protest voting in Belgium, while paying attention to community level determinants of subjective well-being. An analysis of the 2024 Belgian election survey indeed confirms that protest voters tend to report lower levels of subjective well-being. A mediation analysis, however, suggests that in the Dutch language region, the effect of subjective well-being on protest voting is almost fully mediated by anti-immigrant sentiments. In the concluding section of the article, we offer suggestions on future research about the relation between subjective well-being and protest voting.","PeriodicalId":15837,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Happiness Studies","volume":"140 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148285527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Purpose as a Psychological Need: Evaluation Against Established Criteria, Development of a Measure, and Empirical Evidence for a Link to Well-being","authors":"Jose A. Espinoza, John P. Meyer","doi":"10.1007/s10902-026-01063-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-026-01063-x","url":null,"abstract":"It is established that a sense of purpose in life is linked to well-being, but the case has yet to be made that purpose is a fundamental psychological need. In this research, we identify the purpose component from the tripartite model of meaning in life (George & Park, 2016; Martela & Steger, 2016) as having distinct motivational properties that might qualify it as a need according to Baumeister and Leary’s (1995) established criteria. We provide some evidence from the extant literature, but note that it is limited by the absence of measures of purpose conceptualized as a need. Thus, our primary objective was to develop and evaluate the Satisfaction and Frustration of Purpose Scales (SFPS) to use in more direct tests of the need for purpose against the established criteria. We applied established measure-development procedures and used data from an online sample of adults (<italic>N</italic> = 232) to select four items each to measure need satisfaction and frustration. In a second study with a nationally representative U.S. sample (<italic>N</italic> = 399), we confirmed the psychometric properties of the SFPS and demonstrated that the measures were distinct from satisfaction of the needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness from self-determination theory (SDT; Ryan & Deci, 2000). We also found that purpose accounted for unique variance in several well-being indices beyond the SDT needs. These findings fulfill some core criteria, including that a ‘new’ need not be derivative of established needs. Importantly, the SFPS are now available for continued evaluation of purpose as a psychological need.","PeriodicalId":15837,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Happiness Studies","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148285529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Eudaimonic but not Hedonic or Extrinsic Motives Predict Less Academic Distress Among Adolescents—Indirect Effect via Flourishing","authors":"Li Lin, Hoi-Wing Chan, Joyce Lok Yin Kwan","doi":"10.1007/s10902-026-01069-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-026-01069-5","url":null,"abstract":"The well-being literature has identified three primary ways to pursue happiness, conceptualized as hedonic (e.g., seeking fun), eudaimonic (e.g., seeking growth), and extrinsic (e.g., seeking prestige) motives for daily activities. Prior studies have primarily examined how these distinct happiness motives contribute to individual well-being, but little is known about how they relate to adolescents’ academic distress during a crucial period of happiness-motives formation and escalating academic demands. Using a two-wave longitudinal design, this study investigates the associations between happiness motives and academic distress (indexed by test anxiety and school burnout complaints), with a particular focus on the mediating role of flourishing, among 744 high school students (Mean age = 15.59 ± 0.56 years). The cross-lagged panel model shows that eudaimonic (but not hedonic) motives predicted lower levels of school burnout, while extrinsic motives predicted higher levels of test anxiety and school burnout complaints, seven months later. Half-longitudinal mediation analyses reveal that eudaimonic motives predicted higher subsequent levels of flourishing, and flourishing predicted lower subsequent levels of test anxiety and school burnout complaints, suggesting an indirect effect via flourishing. However, there were no indirect effects of flourishing on the links between hedonic/extrinsic motives and academic distress. In view of the heightened academic pressures among contemporary adolescents, these findings suggest that eudaimonic motives may function as a drive to build a crucial psychological resource – flourishing, which may help alleviate academic distress, whereas extrinsic motives may amplify academic distress.","PeriodicalId":15837,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Happiness Studies","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148355618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Does Social Media Use Really Matter for Students’ Well-Being? The Cross-Cultural Generalizability Across 52 Societies","authors":"Ying Tang, Jiesi Guo, Xiang Hu","doi":"10.1007/s10902-026-01070-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-026-01070-y","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalent engagement of adolescents with social media has prompted speculation regarding its potential impact on well-being. However, existing empirical evidence on the relationship between social media use, especially the academic use of social media, and well-being is anything but conclusive. Further, the cross-cultural generalizability of the relation is under-investigated. To address these issues, this study employed national-representative data from 52 countries/regions (<italic>N</italic> = 384,061 students) to investigate the relations of both general and academic use of social media with their well-being indicators, including life satisfaction, positive affect, and meaning in life, and examined the cross-cultural generalizability of the relations. Results of multilevel analyses showed that general use of social media had a trivial association with life satisfaction (β = − 0.011) and positive affect (β = 0.038), but not meaning in life (β = − 0.008), after controlling for covariates; academic use of social media had a larger, albeit still small association with life satisfaction (β = 0.052), positive affect (β = 0.074), and meaning in life (β = 0.092). The results are well generalizable across different countries/regions. The theoretical, methodological, and practical implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":15837,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Happiness Studies","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148355648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Why Did the Gender Gap in Adolescent Life Satisfaction Grow? Evaluating Methodological and Demographic Explanations","authors":"Julia M. Rohrer, Richard McElreath, Gregor Kachel","doi":"10.1007/s10902-026-01068-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-026-01068-6","url":null,"abstract":"The city of Leipzig in Germany conducts large-scale school surveys of adolescents in secondary schools. While in 2010 and 2015 girls were somewhat less satisfied than boys, in 2023 this gender gap had doubled. Why? When asking such a reverse causal question, answers often focus on broad narratives, such as the psychological impact of social media. Here, we illustrate how to probe alternative explanations, such as demographic changes and methodological issues. First, we rule out that the observed pattern is a simple scaling artifact. Second, we find that the widening of the gender gap is much more pronounced among students with a migration background. This could plausibly be explained by a shift in the composition of the underlying population, with a strong increase in the proportion of Syrian students, and a relative decrease of Vietnamese students. Third, part of the increasing gender gap could potentially be attributed to survey mode: In 2023, for the first time, the survey was conducted on tablets—and unexpectedly, girls (but not boys) reported significantly lower satisfaction when surveyed on tablet rather than on paper. Lastly, beyond these patterns, we still find significantly widening gender gaps in satisfaction with leisure time activities and relationships to friends. Thus, there may be a substantive increase in the gender gap in satisfaction in those two domains that is not readily attributable to changes in demographics and survey mode.","PeriodicalId":15837,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Happiness Studies","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148355650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"What Do Happy People Think About? A New Paradigm for Assessing Self-Generated Thoughts in the Laboratory","authors":"Hamidreza Fereidouni, Michael D. Robinson","doi":"10.1007/s10902-026-01062-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-026-01062-y","url":null,"abstract":"Happy people presumably think differently than unhappy people, yet there is very little research on this happiness-thought interface. In the present research (2 studies, total <italic>N</italic> = 334), young adult participants were placed in quiet rooms in which they simply observed their thoughts prior to reporting on them. Momentary variations in happiness were assessed in terms of pleasant versus unpleasant feelings and dispositional happiness was assessed using established scales of life satisfaction and flourishing. Happy people (those scoring high in life satisfaction and flourishing), relative to unhappy people, thought about relationships, goals, and good things in their lives more frequently, but did not think about themselves, problems in their lives, or uncertainties less frequently. Thoughts concerning relationships, goals, and especially good things also mediated variance linking dispositional happiness to momentary pleasant affect. The results highlight default thought tendencies that may contribute to variations in dispositional happiness.","PeriodicalId":15837,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Happiness Studies","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148289704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How Awe in Nonwork Activities Promotes Proactive Behavior in Employees: A Spillover Model","authors":"Che-Chun Kuo","doi":"10.1007/s10902-026-01074-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-026-01074-8","url":null,"abstract":"To understand how individuals engage in meaning-making, scholars have primarily examined work-related factors, such as change-related resources and job crafting.Building on this research, the present study examines whether engagement in leisure activities can enhance meaning-making, with effects that can influence work behavior. Drawing on the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions, this study is framed around the idea that experiencing awe improves meaning-making, which in turn promotes proactive work behavior. Moreover, this process is proposed to vary according to individuals’ regulatory leisure coping styles. A 4-week diary study with 91 employees (N = 330 observations) revealed that experiencing awe during sporting events enhances weekly meaning-making and contributes to proactive work behavior. Regulatory leisure coping styles moderate the relationship between weekly meaning-making and proactive work behavior, and a moderated mediation model demonstrated that for individuals high in avoidant leisure coping style, awe-driven meaning-making further increased proactive behavior at work. The paper concludes by discussing the theoretical and practical implications of the study.","PeriodicalId":15837,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Happiness Studies","volume":"199 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148355651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Savoring is the Key to Happiness: The Effects of Consumption Type, Savoring, and Materialism on Well-being","authors":"Bin Li, Yidan Wu, Shuying Zhang, Lai Jin, Qin Zhu","doi":"10.1007/s10902-026-01055-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-026-01055-x","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies have indicated that different categories of consumption, such as experiential purchases and material purchases, have varying effects on well-being. However, the psychological mechanism underlying these effects remains unclear. Based on the broaden-and build theory and through three studies, we examined the mediating mechanism of savoring in consumption type and consumer well-being, while also investigating the moderating impact of materialism. The studies found that experiential purchases result in higher levels of savoring and stronger estimated impacts on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being compared to material purchases under different time orientations (past, future, and present). Additionally, the types of consumption impact perceived consumer well-being through the mediation effect of savoring. Moreover, materialism has a negative moderating effect on the relationship between consumption type and well-being via savoring. These findings provide a unique perspective on the link between consumption type and well-being, expanding our understanding of this association from the viewpoint of broaden-and-build theory. Moreover, these results offer practical insights for the development of happy consumption models.","PeriodicalId":15837,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Happiness Studies","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148285525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Theoretical Framework and The Development of a Multidimensional Scale of Purpose in Life","authors":"Louis Fang, Alfred Allan, Joanne M. Dickson","doi":"10.1007/s10902-026-01067-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-026-01067-7","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose in life is a key resource in existential psychology. However, its conceptual variability has hindered its application in mainstream practice. This paper presents a holistic, theoretical framework of purpose in life, the purpose in life system, developed from an integration of existing motivational theories and models. Based on our framework, we constructed the 12-item Multidimensional Measure of Purpose in Life (MMOP) and tested its psychometric properties across two studies. In Study 1 (<italic>N =</italic> 238), confirmatory factor analysis supported a three-factor higher-order model of purpose in life (present-oriented purpose in life , future-oriented purpose in life, purpose congruence across time), with all fit indices meeting recommended thresholds and all subscales demonstrating high internal consistency reliability. Study 2 (<italic>N</italic> = 286) examined associations between the MMOP and established measures of purpose in life, motivation, and mental health, providing evidence for the MMOP’s concurrent, convergent, and discriminant validity. While further refinement of the MMOP is recommended in future research, the findings offer promising preliminary support for our integrative, multidimensional measure of purpose in life.","PeriodicalId":15837,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Happiness Studies","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148385880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}