Eugene Y. J. Tee, Saori Tsukamoto, Michael F. Steger
{"title":"Between Science and Self-Help: A Scoping Review of Scholarly and Popular DefinitionS Of IKIGAI","authors":"Eugene Y. J. Tee, Saori Tsukamoto, Michael F. Steger","doi":"10.1007/s10902-026-01080-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-026-01080-w","url":null,"abstract":"<italic>Ikigai</italic> is a Japanese term often described as “one’s reason for living”, but a consistent definition remains elusive. The present scoping review of the published works on <italic>ikigai</italic> is guided by the central research question, “How is <italic>ikigai</italic> defined in both the scholarly/academic and popular press literature?” The review is complemented by classic and contemporary conceptualizations of <italic>ikigai</italic>, as well as recent empirical efforts to generate an evidence-based definition of the term. Results of the scoping reveal five key findings. First, the perception and experience of a life worth living is more appropriately termed <italic>ikigai-kan</italic>; <italic>ikigai</italic> refers to the source of these perceptions and experiences. Second, <italic>ikigai</italic> is differentiated from meaning in life (MIL), comprising affective and cognitive components that include both hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Third, the majority of English scholarly and popular press definitions continue to define the term as ‘purpose in life’ and ‘reason for being’ while Japanese-only sources reflect nuances in describing the experience as associated with meaning and joy. Fourth, measures of <italic>ikigai</italic> are varied, with a reliance on single-item closed-ended measures. Fifth, grounded theory evidence suggests that <italic>ikigai</italic> revolves around valued experiences (<italic>keiken</italic>), authentic relationships (<italic>ibasho</italic>), and life directionality (<italic>houkousei</italic>). We draw on the findings from this scoping review to offer a conceptualization of <italic>ikigai-kan</italic> and <italic>ikigai,</italic> placing this definition in the context of wellbeing and MIL research. We conclude with considerations of further research.","PeriodicalId":15837,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Happiness Studies","volume":"299 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148587228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Examining the Interplay of Happiness for Older Adults and Their Spouses: An Actor-Partner Interdependence Model","authors":"Elnaz Abaei, Peter Martin","doi":"10.1007/s10902-026-01077-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-026-01077-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15837,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Happiness Studies","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148539287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jules Finch, Larry Myers, Allison M. Waters, Lara J. Farrell
{"title":"The Measure of Youth-Hope, Efficacy, Resilience and Optimism at School (MY-HERO@School): Development and Validation of an Instrument for Evaluating Psychological Capital (PsyCap) in an Australian High School Context","authors":"Jules Finch, Larry Myers, Allison M. Waters, Lara J. Farrell","doi":"10.1007/s10902-026-01066-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-026-01066-8","url":null,"abstract":"Psychological Capital (PsyCap) has become the focus of a growing field of research. Over the past two decades, studies have explored its impact on vocational and organisational performance, mental health, and wellbeing in adult populations. More recently, emerging evidence suggests that PsyCap, comprising hope, (self-) efficacy, resilience, and optimism (aka HERO), may also play a role in predicting mental health symptoms and wellbeing among school students. However, current PsyCap measures for youth insufficiently represents the conceptual or contextual nuances for this population. The current study aims to develop and validate a youth PsyCap assessment tool: the Measure of Youth-Hope, Efficacy, Resilience and Optimism at School (MY-HERO@School). Students ( <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 741, aged 11 to 18, 93.7% female, <jats:italic>M</jats:italic> age = 14.78, <jats:italic>SD</jats:italic> = 1.78) from two schools in South-east Queensland participated. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted on half the sample ( <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 371). Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling were performed with an additional 370 students to examine model fit, convergent and divergent validity, and validate the MY-HERO@School with existing outcome measures of mental health symptoms, school engagement, and student wellbeing. Findings indicate the MY-HERO@School demonstrated a good fit to the model and exhibited both convergent and divergent validity. Scale validation further confirmed that PsyCap in high school students significantly predicted all outcome measures, including anxiety and depressive symptoms, school engagement, student life satisfaction, and flourishing.","PeriodicalId":15837,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Happiness Studies","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148539314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sufficient Conditions Logic Maps as Alternative to Indicators: The Theory and the Italian Wellbeing Case","authors":"Demetrio Miloslavo Bova","doi":"10.1007/s10902-026-01078-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-026-01078-4","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces the Sufficient Conditions Logic Map (SCLM) as an alternative to traditional composite indicators for public decision-making. Unlike conventional indicators, which often rely on aggregation and weighting methods that introduce subjectivity and reductionism, SCLM employs the novel techniques of statistical sufficient conditions (SC) to construct a transparent and interpretable logic map of causal relationships among variables. We applied SCLM to 2024 Italian wellbeing data. The results suggest that happiness is directly enabled by education, institutional trust, sense of life, and climate responsibility, while standard development drivers such as income and health appear as indirect rather than primary levers of life satisfaction.","PeriodicalId":15837,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Happiness Studies","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148612796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Publisher Correction: Happiness and Single Parenthood: A Literature Review Using an Online Findings Archive","authors":"Susanne Elsas, Teresa Möhrle, Ruut Veenhoven","doi":"10.1007/s10902-026-01064-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-026-01064-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15837,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Happiness Studies","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148408922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Green Meaning: A Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Analysis on the Relations Between Nature Exposure and Meaning in Life","authors":"Yue Zhou, Liuna Geng","doi":"10.1007/s10902-026-01082-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-026-01082-8","url":null,"abstract":"A growing body of research has confirmed that nature plays a significant role in promoting human well-being. However, relatively fewer studies have explored whether living meaningfully (a form of eudaimonic well-being) draws people toward nature. Based on this, we conducted a weekly longitudinal study (7 time points, <italic>N</italic> = 309) using a random intercept cross-lagged panel analysis to investigate the relationship between nature exposure and both presence of meaning and search for meaning among emerging adults over time. Results showed positive associations at the between-person level between time spent in nature and both presence of meaning and search for meaning. At the within-person level, spending more time in nature was associated with enhanced presence of meaning, and increased search for meaning was linked to spending more time in nature. The above findings shed light on the complex dynamic relationship between nature and meaningfulness, highlighting that nature is not only a source of meaningful experiences but also a place proactively sought out in the search for meaning. In addition, this study deepens our understanding about meaning exploration among emerging adults and offers practical insights for interventions aimed at enhancing meaningful experiences.","PeriodicalId":15837,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Happiness Studies","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148612794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Syeda W. F. Rizvi, Sameha AlShakhsi, Ala Yankouskaya, Dena Al-Thani, Raian Ali
{"title":"On the Dual Side of Personality Traits: How They Predict Social Media Disorder and Social Well-Being on Social Media","authors":"Syeda W. F. Rizvi, Sameha AlShakhsi, Ala Yankouskaya, Dena Al-Thani, Raian Ali","doi":"10.1007/s10902-026-01075-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-026-01075-7","url":null,"abstract":"With the increasing global adoption of social media, its impact on individuals has become multifaceted. On one hand, social media can enhance users’ sense of connection, support, and belonging, referred to as Social Well-Being on Social Media (SWB-SM). On the other hand, excessive or compulsive use can interfere with daily functioning, referred to in a non-clinical sense as Social Media Disorder (SMD). Moreover, individuals differ in how they engage with social media; personality traits may shape these engagement patterns, potentially leading to beneficial or detrimental outcomes. This engagement pattern may also vary across cultural contexts that differ in social values and norms. To evaluate this, this study examined whether SWB-SM and SMD can be predicted by the same personality trait across two cultural groups. Data was collected through an online cross-sectional survey from 309 Arab participants (Age: <italic>M</italic> = 34.10, <italic>SD</italic> = 7.82, Females = 54.69%) and 259 UK participants (Age: <italic>M</italic> = 38.72, <italic>SD</italic> = 11.23, Females = 57.53%). Multivariate multiple linear regression analyses were conducted, for both Arab and UK samples separately, to examine how Big Five personality traits predict both SWB-SM and SMD. Neuroticism, in the Arab sample, and conscientiousness, in the UK sample, predicted both outcomes. These findings highlight that the same personality trait can shape both positive and negative behaviors on social media, and this pattern differs across cultural contexts. This highlights the need for personalized and culturally sensitive digital well-being interventions that mitigate problematic use while fostering positive social media experiences.","PeriodicalId":15837,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Happiness Studies","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148612795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Quan Wei, Jiangyong Li, Huiqing Huang, Ziyi Li, Yangmei Luo
{"title":"Sustaining Well-Being Under Daily Stress: The Mediating Role of Momentary Self-Worth and the Short-Lived Protective Function of Grandiose Narcissism Trait","authors":"Quan Wei, Jiangyong Li, Huiqing Huang, Ziyi Li, Yangmei Luo","doi":"10.1007/s10902-026-01076-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-026-01076-6","url":null,"abstract":"Stress is a major risk factor for mental health and well-being, yet few studies have examined its dynamic associations with hedonic and eudaimonic well-being from a within-person, dynamic perspective. While self-worth is considered an essential internal resource for sustaining well-being, it remains unclear whether it is involved in the momentary associations between stress and well-being at the momentary level. In addition, although grandiose narcissism has been proposed as a potential psychological buffer in stressful contexts, its protective function remains debated, with its efficacy potentially varying across temporal scales. In light of these unresolved questions, the present study employed a 10-day experience sampling design with four assessments per day among 166 participants and used dynamic structural equation modeling to test the dynamic relations between momentary stress and two forms of well-being, as well as the roles of momentary self-worth and grandiose narcissism trait. The results showed that (1) momentary stress significantly and negatively predicted subsequent hedonic well-being, but did not directly predict subsequent eudaimonic well-being; (2) momentary self-worth mediated the links between momentary stress and subsequent hedonic and eudaimonic well-being; and (3) grandiose narcissism trait moderated the association between momentary stress and subsequent self-worth, but this moderating effect was not observed when the time interval increased or at the between-person level. Taken together, these findings suggest that self-worth may serve as an important intermediate process linking stress and well-being, whereas the short-term buffering role of grandiose narcissism appears to be limited.","PeriodicalId":15837,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Happiness Studies","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148552778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Subjective Inequality and Well-being in South Korea: Generational Variations in the Mediating and Moderating Effects of Social Connectedness","authors":"Jae-woo Kim, Seulki Kim","doi":"10.1007/s10902-026-01072-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-026-01072-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15837,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Happiness Studies","volume":"216 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148408923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Subjective Inequity Aversion: How Perceived Unfair Inequality Affects Subjective Well-being","authors":"Sandra Bohmann, Fabian Kalleitner","doi":"10.1007/s10902-026-01053-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-026-01053-z","url":null,"abstract":"Combining theoretical insights from social justice literature and social comparison research, this paper argues that subjective perceptions of inequity (i.e., unfairness), rather than objective deviations from equality, are key to understanding the relationship between (in)equality and subjective well-being. To test this hypothesis, we analyze the association between respondents’ perceived fairness of own, top, and bottom incomes with subjective well-being using data from the European Social Survey 2018. Results from spline regressions indicate that perceived injustice of own and top incomes is negatively related to subjective well-being even when accounting for individuals’ relative income positions and objective macro-level inequality. However, we find no substantive relationship between perceived unfairness of bottom incomes and subjective well-being. These findings are consistent across several robustness checks and when using German panel data to test the effect of own income fairness on subjective well-being in a longitudinal setting. Overall, our results underscore the importance of integrating theoretical insights emphasizing normative and comparative social mechanisms as our results suggest that injustice for oneself hurts more than injustice for others and individuals experience greater discomfort when they believe the rich have too much than when they think the poor have too little.","PeriodicalId":15837,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Happiness Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148355584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}