Gesa Carstens, Uwe Roesler, Felix Reich, Anika Friese
{"title":"Efficacy of organic acids, lactic and formic acid, and peracetic acid in decontaminating process water and carcasses in chicken slaughter","authors":"Gesa Carstens, Uwe Roesler, Felix Reich, Anika Friese","doi":"10.1111/jfs.13153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jfs.13153","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Foodborne pathogens pose a persistent threat in broiler chicken production, particularly during the slaughter process, where contamination with zoonotic pathogens remains a concern. This study focuses on the potential of organic acids, such as formic and lactic acid, and the oxidizing agent peracetic acid, to decontaminate scalding water and enhance the hygiene of chicken carcasses. We conducted suspension tests introducing various organic loads to mirror the conditions of practical scalding water. Additionally, the surface tests were performed on chicken skin. Both methods were further tested in an experimental slaughtering facility. In suspension tests, the organic acids achieved impressive decontamination, with a 5-log<sub>10</sub> reduction of the test organisms <i>Enterococcus hirae</i>, <i>Salmonella Typhimurium</i> and <i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> at minimal concentrations (between 0.04% and 2% for formic acid; between 0.1% and 4.5% for lactic acid). Peracetic acid also effectively sanitized model water and chicken skin, even when used in low concentrations (between 0.001% and 0.1%), both in the laboratory-based testing and in the experimental slaughtering facility. These results suggest that the tested disinfectants can effectively sanitize process water, even under conditions mimicking practical scalding water with organic matter. Peracetic acid, in particular, proved highly effective in improving chicken skin hygiene even at low concentrations.</p>","PeriodicalId":15814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Safety","volume":"44 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jfs.13153","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141967883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nanotechnology-based approaches for mycotoxin detection in food and feed","authors":"Mohamed Nihal P, Debasish Mohapatra, Sharfuddin Mohd, Vancha Harish, Sachin Kumar Singh, Gurdeep Singh","doi":"10.1111/jfs.13155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jfs.13155","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by certain molds and fungi that contaminate various food commodities, posing serious adverse effects on humans and animals. Aflatoxin, ochratoxin, trichothecene, fumonisin, zearalenone, patulin, and citrinin are some of the major mycotoxins affecting food and feed. The scientific community has focused on regulating food and feed materials due to their potential risks. Conventional techniques for mycotoxin detection have certain limitations in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and speed. In recent years, nanotechnology has emerged as a promising approach to revolutionize mycotoxin detection. This review provides an overview of nanotechnology-based detection methods for mycotoxins in food and feed, discussing the basic aspects of mycotoxins, their health hazards, and conventional methods. It also explores various nanosensors and nanodevices developed to improve the sensitivity, selectivity, and speed of mycotoxin detection, thereby enhancing food safety and security.</p>","PeriodicalId":15814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Safety","volume":"44 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141967850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juliana Karla Garcia Ribeiro Freitas, Cristiane Fernandes de Assis, Thailla Raquel Moura de Oliveira, Bruno Jonatan de Sousa, Cláudio Márcio de Medeiros Maia, Annemberg Salvino Pereira, Gidyenne Christine Bandeira Silva de Medeiros, Larissa Mont'Alverne Jucá Seabra, Karla Suzanne Florentino da Silva Chaves Damasceno
{"title":"Global prevalence of staphylococcal enterotoxins in food contaminated by Staphylococcus spp.—Systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Juliana Karla Garcia Ribeiro Freitas, Cristiane Fernandes de Assis, Thailla Raquel Moura de Oliveira, Bruno Jonatan de Sousa, Cláudio Márcio de Medeiros Maia, Annemberg Salvino Pereira, Gidyenne Christine Bandeira Silva de Medeiros, Larissa Mont'Alverne Jucá Seabra, Karla Suzanne Florentino da Silva Chaves Damasceno","doi":"10.1111/jfs.13154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jfs.13154","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This systematic review (SR) and meta-analysis integrates the results of studies on the occurrence of staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE), the knowledge related to the profile of the foods most often involved, and the types of SE found. The study followed the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for SR and Meta-Analyses, and its protocol was registered on the PROSPERO platform (CRD42021258223). Primary cross-sectional studies that report the analysis of SEs in food contaminated by <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. were selected. All stages of study selection and data extraction were performed by two researchers independently, and in cases of conflicts, a third researcher was consulted. To assess the risk of bias, we used the critical appraisal checklist of the Joanna Briggs Institute. A total of 3012 reports were listed initially and 217 after the search update. After removing the duplicates, 2535 studies were found combining all databases and manual searches. Thus, 38 studies were included in this SR. In the meta-analysis, group 1 (dairy products) showed a prevalence of positive samples for SE of 15.38%, group 2 (meat products) 1.78% and group 3 (other foods) 27.11%. The results showed a considerable prevalence of SE in food contaminated by <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp., especially in group 3, which included mixed and ready-to-eat foods. This SR contributes to the study of the epidemiological profile and highlights the importance of adopting more effective prevention measures and policies aimed at improving public health.</p>","PeriodicalId":15814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Safety","volume":"44 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141967552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rapid detection of Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus using a hand-held nucleic acid detection system","authors":"Zhen Wang, Wen Lu, Xiutong Li, Na Xu, Lihong Lin, Qi Song, Yiteng Liu, Zhiyang Hu, Sheng Guo, Yibo Gao, Weijia Wen","doi":"10.1111/jfs.13157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jfs.13157","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Salmonella</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> are common pathogens that cause foodborne illnesses. Currently, the detection of these pathogens involves time-consuming procedures, namely isolation, cultivation, and biochemical identification, making it impossible for on-site real-time testing. In this study, we developed a compact hand-held real-time fluorescent nucleic acid testing device and specific lyophilized reagents to achieve rapid detection of <i>Salmonella</i> and <i>S. aureus</i> within 30 min. The detection sensitivity was 100 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL for <i>Salmonella</i> and 125 CFU/mL for <i>S. aureus</i>. This technique significantly reduced the detection time compared with the traditional cultivation method. Even at low initial concentrations of 5 CFU/mL for <i>Salmonella</i> and 15 CFU/mL for <i>S. aureus</i>, it demonstrated superior performance compared with traditional cultivation, detecting the target bacteria more than 2 days earlier than that method. Notably, we achieved 100% in the detection of <i>Salmonella</i> and <i>S. aureus</i> using spiked pastry samples. In addition, the proposed detection system exhibited excellent specificity when tested against 27 bacterial strains. In conclusion, the proposed nucleic acid detection system provides a viable, miniaturized solution for rapid detection of bacteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":15814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Safety","volume":"44 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jfs.13157","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141967554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rapid counting of coliforms and Escherichia coli by deep learning-based classifier","authors":"Rina Wakabayashi, Atsuko Aoyanagi, Tatsuya Tominaga","doi":"10.1111/jfs.13158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jfs.13158","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To ensure that food has been handled hygienically, manufacturers routinely examine the numbers of indicator bacteria, such as coliforms and <i>Escherichia coli</i>. Using the deep-learning algorithm YOLO, we developed a classifier that automatically counts the number of coliforms (red colonies) and <i>E. coli</i> (blue colonies) on a chromogenic agar plate. Using <i>Citrobacter freundii</i> IAM 12471<sup>T</sup> and <i>E. coli</i> NBRC 3301, we trained our YOLO-based classifier with images of Petri dishes grown with each strain alone (10 images) and/or with a mixture of both strains (5 images). When the performance of the classifier was evaluated using 83 images, the accuracy rates for coliforms and <i>E. coli</i> reached 99.4% and 99.5%, respectively. We then investigated whether this classifier could detect other, non-trained coliform species (22 species) and <i>E. coli</i> strains (13 strains). The accuracy rates for coliforms and <i>E. coli</i> were 98.7% (90 Petri dishes) and 94.1% (46 Petri dishes), respectively. Furthermore, we verified the practical feasibility of the developed classifier using 38 meats (chicken, pork, and beef). The accuracy rates for coliforms and <i>E. coli</i> in meat isolates were 98.8% (80 Petri dishes) and 93.8% (35 Petri dishes), respectively. The time required to count coliforms/<i>E. coli</i> on a single plate was ~70 ms. This novel method should enable users to rapidly quantify coliforms/<i>E. coli</i> without relying on a human inspector's color vision, leading to improved assurance of food safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":15814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Safety","volume":"44 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141967555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. H. S. Karunaratne, G. A. S. I. Abeygunawardena, D. L. Jayaratne, G. A. S. Premakumara, N. V. Chandrasekharan
{"title":"Microbiota of black tea at different manufacturing stages","authors":"S. H. S. Karunaratne, G. A. S. I. Abeygunawardena, D. L. Jayaratne, G. A. S. Premakumara, N. V. Chandrasekharan","doi":"10.1111/jfs.13152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jfs.13152","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In recent decades, the consumption of tea has increased due to its various associated health benefits, prompting growing concerns regarding the safety and quality of tea products. Nevertheless, there has been a significant dearth of scientific information regarding the microbiological status of black tea leaves. This study sought to bridge this knowledge gap by investigating the microflora present in tea leaves at various processing stages of black tea production. Samples were meticulously collected during distinct processing steps, and their culturable microorganisms were identified through sequence-based methods. The results revealed that the predominant bacterial genus throughout the tea manufacturing process was <i>Bacillus</i>, constituting a substantial 77% of the identified bacterial population. Other leading genera included <i>Klebsiella</i> (8%), <i>Lysinibacillus</i> (4%), <i>Escherichia</i> (2%) with the remaining 9% comprising various other genera. Among the fungal community, <i>Aspergillus</i> and <i>Penicillium</i> species exhibited a significantly higher relative abundance, each comprising 24%. Furthermore, yeast communities included <i>Debaryomyces, Candida, Hyphopichia, Rhodosporidiobolus</i>, and <i>Wickerhamomyces</i> species. <i>Lactobacillus fermentum</i> was identified in the fermented tea leaves, highlighting its role in the fermentation process. Yeasts and molds were also present in the final tea product, indicating potential post-processing contamination. The study did not detect any mycotoxins in any of the samples. These findings had indicated that presence of some microorganisms is extremely common in different processing stages while alien microorganisms are being introduced during manufacturing. Thus, emphasizing the need for stringent regulations and quality assurance practices within the tea industry to ensure the safety and quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":15814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Safety","volume":"44 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141597153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modeling the growth behavior of Salmonella spp. in grated carrots inoculated with different inoculum levels stored at various temperatures","authors":"Basri Omac","doi":"10.1111/jfs.13150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jfs.13150","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The consumption of fresh and fresh-cut fruits and vegetables, such as carrots, has increased for the last decades for a healthy life and an adequate diet, but concerns regarding the microbial safety of them have been raised. The present study was conducted to develop predictive models for <i>Salmonella</i> spp. in grated carrots. The results showed that <i>Salmonella</i> spp. did not display growth at 5°C, but it grew in grated carrots at other temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25, and 37°C) for both inoculum levels. Also, the inoculum levels affected the growth of this pathogen in grated carrots when the storage temperatures ranged from 15 to 25°C. The theoretical minimum temperatures calculated using the Huang model were 3.48 and 5.79°C for inoculum levels of 10<sup>1</sup> and 10<sup>2</sup> CFU/g, respectively. The primary and secondary models performed well in terms of agreement between experimental and estimated values. Furthermore, compared to the Ratkowsky model, the theoretical minimum temperature was given a more reasonable value using the Huang model. The models developed in the present study will be a useful input for future quantitative microbial risk assessment to appraise the proliferation of <i>Salmonella</i> spp. in grated carrots throughout the production process, storage, and distribution.</p>","PeriodicalId":15814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Safety","volume":"44 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141536938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhancing microbial control in poultry processing: A comprehensive study on carcass washing systems","authors":"Débora Zamprogna Flores, Clarice Steffens, Natalia Paroul, Geciane Toniazzo Backes, Juliana Steffens, Eunice Valduga, Rogério Luis Cansian","doi":"10.1111/jfs.13151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jfs.13151","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the poultry industry, the evisceration stage often sees the highest microbial load on chicken carcasses. While manual trimming has traditionally been employed to remove gastrointestinal contamination, Brazilian legislation allows the use of a carcass washing system as an alternative. This study aimed to establish and validate a protocol for the use of a chicken carcass washing system as a replacement for manual trimming in a major poultry processing facility in southern Brazil. The methodology followed international standards for microbial analysis such as total mesophilic counts and <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i>. Comparing contamination levels before and after treatments, significant reductions are seen. Manual trimming reduced contamination by 39.43% (gastric), 53% (fecal), and 50% (biliary). Washing achieved greater reductions, with a 96.37% drop in gastric contamination and complete elimination (100%) of fecal contamination. These results met statistical significance. Both procedures reduced contamination levels. Manual trimming maintained 50% of samples below the mean value without exceeding upper control limits (UCL). Washing increased the percentage of samples below the mean value from 46% to 54%, demonstrating its superior efficiency. For <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i>, trimming maintained 44% of samples below the mean value, and washing increased it from 46% to 48%. In conclusion, the carcass washing system effectively removes visible gastrointestinal contents, meeting regulatory standards and receiving authorization from the Federal Inspection Service for use in the facility.</p>","PeriodicalId":15814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Safety","volume":"44 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141536658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prevalence of environmental microplastics in Taiwan and its impact on the seafood safety: An integrative review","authors":"Meng-Wei Lin, Vivian C. H. Wu, Chih-Sheng Lin","doi":"10.1111/jfs.13148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jfs.13148","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Human activity has led to microplastic contamination throughout the marine environment. As a result of widespread contamination, microplastics are ingested by many species of wildlife, including fish, cephalopods, and shellfish. Taiwan is surrounded by oceans that offer a rich range of seafood. Taiwanese residents can easily acquire seafood as a source of dietary protein. A recent research project by Greenpeace shows that the Taiwanese eat 16,000 microplastic particles per year. There is concern regarding microplastic physical and chemical toxicity, which poses potential health risks to the local community via food chains. Thus, monitoring microplastic contamination in seafood is imperative to provide helpful information for the government and local communities. Efforts should be taken to reduce microplastic pollution at the source to minimize potential effects on ecological and health safety. This review article emphasizes the urgent need for further research on microplastic pollution in Taiwan, highlights the potential challenges to mitigate this emerging environmental threat, and analyzes food safety hazards as well as microplastic contamination in seafood.</p>","PeriodicalId":15814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Safety","volume":"44 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141424827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Green approaches for biofilm eradication: Enhancing cleaning efficiency","authors":"Samah Mechmechani, Piyush Kumar Jha, Layal Karam, Heni Dallagi","doi":"10.1111/jfs.13149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jfs.13149","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cleaning up biocontamination from surfaces is a critical aspect of maintaining a hygienic environment. Traditional cleaning methods often fall short when it comes to eliminating persistent biofilms and resilient bacteria. In recent years, alternative approaches utilizing antibiofilm enzymes, bacteriophages, essential oils (EOs), antibacterial peptides, and biosurfactants have emerged as promising strategies to combat biocontamination. This article explores the efficiency of these agents in targeting and eradicating biofilms, highlighting their mechanisms of action and potential applications. By leveraging the unique properties of these materials, we can enhance cleaning practices and improve public health outcomes by effectively eliminating biocontamination from various surfaces.</p>","PeriodicalId":15814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Safety","volume":"44 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141430230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}