Journal of environmental horticulture最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Irrigation, Fertilizer Rate and Placement, and Two Substrates on Growth of Rose and Hydrangea","authors":"Anelle Ammons, A. LeBude, J. Owen, M. McGinnis","doi":"10.24266/2573-5586-40.3.123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24266/2573-5586-40.3.123","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Current best management practices for containerized nursery crops maximize plant growth while minimizing nutrient leaching. This study tested how plant growth was affected by reducing the standard fertilizer rate when grown in two soilless substrates with different physical properties under two irrigation levels. Controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) treatments included 1.0x (45g) applied as topdress (TD), 1.0x (45 g) incorporated throughout (IT), or 0.75x (34 g) incorporated into only the top half (TH) of the container. Rosa ‘BAIneon' Screaming Neon Red™ rose and Hydrangea macrophylla ‘PIIHM-II' Endless Summer® Bloomstruck® hydrangea were potted using Aeration+Potting Mix (AS40) or All-purpose Potting Mix (PM2) substrates. Plants received higher [12.7 mm (0.5 in)] or lower [8.3 mm ( 0.33 in)] irrigation per day for 18 weeks. Final dry weight (DW) was most affected by fertilizer, to a lesser extent substrate, and not at all by irrigation. Regardless of taxa, the largest DWs were produced when plants were grown in PM2 and received nutrients via IT or TD compared to TH. Electrical conductivity was greatest in PM2 substrate with a 1.0x fertilizer rate, regardless if applied IT or TD. Taxa were unsaleable in the TH treatment, thus negating the environmental benefits achieved by reductions in leaching from lower fertilization rates.\u0000 Species used in this study: ‘Screaming Neon Red™' rose (Rosa ‘BAIneon'); ‘Endless Summer® Bloomstruck®' hydrangea [Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser.]‘PIIHM-II').","PeriodicalId":15780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental horticulture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42452656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Aerobic Composting of Fresh Cut Floral Waste","authors":"Coleman L. Etheredge, T. M. Waliczek","doi":"10.24266/2573-5586-40.3.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24266/2573-5586-40.3.103","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Increased levels of pesticide applications are used when growing cut flowers in many developing countries where most are grown and where they are less restrictive on pesticide use when compared to regulations in the United States. Therefore, special consideration should be given to cut flower disposal from floral shops that utilize flowers from other countries due to the potential for pesticide leaching into land and waterways. Most retail florists in the industry dispose of their floral waste in municipal dumpsters. While the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) has stringent guidelines to prevent the importation of insect and disease pests, there are no regulations regarding residual pesticides or other harmful chemical contamination on imported floral crops. Composting is one technique used as an alternative waste management method to traditional landfill dumping and can produce a valuable commodity for agricultural, horticultural, and related industries. The main objectives of this study were to compare the physicochemical properties of two different compost protocols that incorporated cut flower and foliage waste and to determine whether pesticide residues remained in the finished compost. Analysis of results were based on the U.S. Composting Council's Tests Methods for the Examination of Composting and Compost used by the U.S. Composting Council's Seal of Testing Approval (STA) program. When compared to STA standards, both compost samples pH, total nitrogen, C:N ratio, and bioassay were found to be within normal ranges for compost sold in the horticulture industry. Chemical analysis found the levels of arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, zinc all to be well below set industry standards. Additionally, the compost was tested for 23 herbicides and insecticides. Of those, two herbicides (clopyralid and MCPA) and one insecticide (lufenuron) were found in the sample in trace amounts, though well below USDA standards for food crops after the composting process. Results indicated floral waste collected from retail flower shops has the potential to be incorporated into a composting system to create a quality compost suitable for use in the horticulture industry.","PeriodicalId":15780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental horticulture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42931155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Susceptibility of Rhododendron to Azalea Lace Bug, Stephanitis pyrioides (Scott)","authors":"Ryan R Garrison, P. Tobin","doi":"10.24266/2573-5586-40.3.94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24266/2573-5586-40.3.94","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The invasive azalea lace bug, Stephanitis pyrioides (Scott), is one of the most damaging insect pests of the genus Rhododendron, especially azaleas. Feeding by nymphs and adults reduces the aesthetic value of infested plants. Rhododendron spp. (L.) and cultivars are a major component of public and private landscapes in the Pacific Northwest, as well as other parts of the U.S.. Variability in the susceptibility of Rhododendron to S. pyrioides has been previously examined but generally on a limited number of Rhododendron species and cultivars. We measured the susceptibility of 71 Rhododendron species, varieties, and cultivars over two years, selecting plants across the phylogenetic tree of Rhododendron, and quantified the proportion of leaf damage caused by S. pyrioides. We observed that trichome presence did not predict S. pyrioides damage. Plants from the subgenus Azaleastrum were the significantly most susceptible subgenus, and all sampled plants from this subgenus had measurable damage. In contrast, plants from the subgenus Hymenanthes were the significantly least susceptible, and most Hymenanthes plants had no measurable damage. This study provides a guideline for using host plant resistance to S. pyrioides in plant selection, and emphasizes the potential for S. pyrioides management if susceptible azaleas are to be used in the landscape.\u0000 Species used in this study: Azalea lace bug, Stephanitis pyrioides, Rhododendron spp.","PeriodicalId":15780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental horticulture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42081991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Analysis of the Quality of Compost Produced from Vermicomposting Fresh Cut Flower Waste","authors":"Coleman L. Etheredge, T. M. Waliczek","doi":"10.24266/2573-5586-40.2.87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24266/2573-5586-40.2.87","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Higher levels of pesticide applications are used when growing cut flowers when compared to other crops such as tomatoes, lettuce, and rice, much of the floriculture industry production occurs in developing countries where less environmental regulations may be in place compared to those in the United States. Therefore, special consideration should be given to cut flower disposal from floral shops due to the potential excessive leaching of pesticides into land and waterways. Most retail florists in the industry dispose of their floral waste into municipal dumpsters. There are an estimated 13,200 retail flower shop locations in the United States, comprised of single location and multiple location companies. While the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) has stringent guidelines to prevent the importation of pests and plant diseases, there are no regulations on the disposal of spent floral crops that may contain residues of pesticides or other chemicals. Vermicomposting is a method of composting used for pollution abatement while having the added benefit of acting as an alternative waste management method to traditional landfill dumping. The castings produced are a valuable commodity for agricultural, horticultural, and related industries. The main objective of this research was to analyze the quality of compost produced from vermicomposting fresh cut floral waste. Analysis of results was based on the U.S. Composting Council's Tests Methods for the Examination of Composting and Compost used by the U.S. Composting Council's Seal of Testing Approval (STA) program. When compared to STA standards, pH, soluble salts, organic matter, total nitrogen, carbon, carbon-to-nitrogen, bioassay, and respirometry all were found to be within normal ranges for compost sold in the horticulture industry. Chemical analysis found the level of arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, zinc all to be well below set industry standards. Additionally, the vermicompost was lab tested for 23 herbicides and insecticides. Of those, one herbicide (clopyralid) and two insecticides (clofentezine and lufenuron) were found in the sample in trace amounts, and well below Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) set industry standards for acceptable trace amount in U.S. products. Results indicated floral waste collected from retail flower shops can be incorporated into a vermicomposting system to create a quality compost suitable for use in the horticulture industry.","PeriodicalId":15780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental horticulture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49187463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relative Resistance of Ulmaceae for Host Susceptibility, Feeding Preference, and Suitability for the Adult Japanese Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)","authors":"F. Miller, G. Ware","doi":"10.24266/2573-5586-40.2.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24266/2573-5586-40.2.46","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Laboratory feeding and fecundity bioassays, and field defoliation surveys were conducted on 73 Ulmus and eight Zelkova taxa to determine their relative susceptibility, preference, and suitability for the adult Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica Newman). Ulmus alata Michx., U. crassifolia Nutt., U. davidiana Planch., U. elliptica K. Koch, , U. glabra Hudson, U. laevis Pall., U. microcarpa, L.K. Fu, U. multinervis (syn. U. castaneifolia) Hemsl., U. parvifolia Jacq., U. propinqua Koidz., U. prunifolia Cheug and L.K. Fu,, U. rubra Muhlenb., U. suberosa Henry, U. sukaczevii Andr., U. .szechuanica Fang., U. taihangshensis S.Y. Wang, U. thomasii Sarg, U. wilsoniana Schneid., ‘Frontier', ‘Homestead', ‘New Horizon', ‘Pioneer', ‘Patriot', U. ‘Morton' Accolade, and U. ‘Morton' Triumph, and Zelkova serrata (Thunb.) Mak. cultivars ‘Green Valley' and ‘Village Green', and Z. schneideriana Hand.-Mazz were the least susceptible to feeding and/or the least suitable for reproduction. Percent leaf tissue removed was highly correlated with field defoliation ratings, but was not a good predictor of fecundity. Asian and European elm leaves were thicker compared with North American elms, and Asian elm leaves were tougher compared with European and North American elm leaves. Host susceptibility and suitability were not related to leaf thickness or toughness. Adult female beetles laid significantly more eggs when feeding on Asian elm taxa compared with European, Eurasian, and North American elm taxa. Hybridization appears to affect host susceptibility. Results reported here provide new insight for the use of Ulmaceae taxa for future reforestation and tree breeding programs.\u0000 Species used in this study: Ulmus alata Michx., U. americana L., U. bergmaniana var. lasiophylla Schneid., U. canascens Melville, U. carpinifolia Gled.., U. castaneifolia Hemsl., U. changii Hangchow, U. chenmoui Cheng, U. crassifolia Nutt., U. davidiana Planch., U. elliptica K.Koch., U. foliaceae Gilbert, U. gaussenii Cheng,, U. glabra Hudson, U. glaucescens Franch., U. glaucescens Franch. var. lasiocarpa Rehd., U. japonica Sarg., U. laevis Pall., U. lanceaefolia Roxb., U. lamellosa C. Wang et S.L. Chang et L.K. Fu, U. macrocarpa Hance, U. microcarpa L.K. Fu, U. multinervis (syn.U. castaneifolia) Cheng, U. parvifolia Jacq., U. procera Salisb, U. propinqua Koidz., U. propinqua var. suberosa Henry , U. prunifolia Cheng et L.K. Fu , U. pseudopropinqua Wang et Li, U. pumila L., U. rubra Muehl., U. serotina Sarg., U. suberosa Henry, U. sukaczevii Andr., U. szechuanica Fang, U. taihangshanensis S.Y. Wang , U. thomasii, U. wallichiana Planch., U. wilsoniana Schneid., Zelkova serrata (Thunb.) Mak., Z. carpinifolia (Pall.) K. Koch., Z. schneideriana Hand.-Mazz,. Z. sinica C.K. Schneid, Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees.","PeriodicalId":15780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental horticulture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46607323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gibberellic Acid 4+7 Influences Shoot Growth of Seedling Pecan and Bitternut Hickory","authors":"B. Miller, N. Bassuk","doi":"10.24266/2573-5586-40.2.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24266/2573-5586-40.2.45","url":null,"abstract":"Shoot development of seedling hickories is slow, limiting their success as viable crops using standard growing techniques. Because hickories are predominantly propagated by seed, we questioned whether gibberellic acid (GA) could be used on seedlings to overcome slow shoot development during juvenility. Treatments of one-year-old seedlings of bitternut hickory [Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch], pignut hickory [C. glabra (Mill.) Sweet], pecan [C. illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch], kingnut hickory [C. laciniosa (F. Michx.) Loud.], shagbark hickory [C. ovata (Mill.) K. Koch], and mockernut hickory [C. tomentosa (Lam.) Nutt.] began at bud break by applying a solution of 500 ppm GA4+7 dissolved in 95% ethanol directly to apical buds or stem tissue at three-day intervals for 27 days. After 160 days, neither treatment affected caliper of any taxon, although species differences were observed. Compared to nontreated control plants, treatment of buds resulted in a 234% and 144% increase in shoot height of bitternut hickory and pecan, respectively. In a second experiment, the same treatments were implemented on seedlings of bitternut hickory shortly after germination. Only shoot height and dry weight were affected (increased) by application of GA4+7. This study indicates plant growth regulators could be effective at increasing shoot extension of some hickories.\u0000 Chemicals used in this study: Gibberellic acid 4+7 (GA4+7).\u0000 Species used in this study: bitternut hickory [Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch]; pignut hickory [C. glabra (Mill.) Sweet]; pecan [C. illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch]; kingnut hickory [C. laciniosa (F. Michx.) Loudon]; shagbark hickory [C. ovata (Mill.) K. Koch]; and mockernut hickory [C. tomentosa (Lam.) Nutt.].","PeriodicalId":15780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental horticulture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43778759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Irrigation Frequency and Volume has Little Influence on Phytophthora Root Rot in Container-grown Rhododendron","authors":"J. Weiland, C. Scagel, N. Grünwald, E. Davis, Bryan R. Beck, Jesse N. Mitchell","doi":"10.24266/2573-5586-40.2.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24266/2573-5586-40.2.67","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 We evaluated whether reducing irrigation frequency and volume alters the ability of Phytophthora plurivora and P. cinnamomi to cause root rot on rhododendron grown in a noninfested potting medium or media infested with 1 or 100 propagules per gram (ppg) of pathogen. Plants were irrigated to maintain a substrate moisture of >70% container capacity (1.0X), one-half volume of 1.0X (0.5X), or two times the volume of 1.0X at each irrigation event for one week, followed by no irrigation, until soil moisture reached <50% container capacity. Aboveground disease symptoms (chlorosis, stomatal conductance, wilting, and plant death) were evaluated weekly and root rot, pathogen presence, plant biomass, and nutrient uptake were measured at the end of each trial. Both pathogens generally caused mild disease at 1 ppg and severe disease at 100 ppg. Reducing irrigation did little to lessen disease caused by either pathogen once infection had occurred. Instead, severe root infection often led to increased soil moisture and root rot across all irrigation treatments as roots became progressively compromised in their ability to take up water. Results show that reducing irrigation after infection has occurred is unlikely to effectively control root rot.\u0000 Species used in this study: Phytophthora species (Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands; Phytophthora plurivora T. Jung and T.I. Burgess); rhododendron, Rhododendron catawbiense Michx. ‘Album', ‘Roseum Elegans', and ‘Roseum Pink'.","PeriodicalId":15780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental horticulture","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41989592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential Impacts of Shade Treatments on Dormancy of Overwintering Redbud (Cercis canadensis L.) Trees at Southeastern Nurseries","authors":"C. Werle, A. Witcher","doi":"10.24266/2573-5586-40.2.79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24266/2573-5586-40.2.79","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Dormancy accrual is an important process in mitigating the abiotic stressors of overwintering trees at ornamental nurseries, with frost-injured tree crops at heightened risk of ensuing biotic insect and disease attack. As mean global temperatures rise, overwintering nursery crops may lose dormancy earlier. Using potted eastern redbud (Cercis canadensis L.) trees placed under two types of shade cloth, under full sun, or in walk-in coolers, we measured stem, air and root zone temperatures, accrual of chill hours and mean time to bud break at two sites. While there was no significant difference between the two shade treatments, shade cloths did moderate both high and low temperatures to which trees were exposed. Differences in mean time to first bud break were observed from shaded trees versus those in full sun at each site. It may be useful to alter our shading design to continue protection from overnight lows while preventing excess warming from daytime highs, and thus promoting dormancy and preventing frost exposure in some regions, but further tests will be required.\u0000 Species used in this study: eastern redbud (Cercis canadensis L.).","PeriodicalId":15780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental horticulture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48221483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of MWCNT Particles-Reinforced Magnesium Composite for Mechanical and Catalytic Applications.","authors":"T Sathish, Vinayagam Mohanavel, Palanivel Velmurugan, Saleh Alfarraj, Sami Al Obaid, Shanmugam Sureshkumar, J Isaac Joshua Ramesh Lalvani","doi":"10.1155/2022/7773185","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2022/7773185","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aluminum, magnesium, and copper materials must have increased mechanical strength with enhanced wear and corrosion resistance. Substantial research focused on reinforcing hard particles into low-strength materials using stir casting or powder metallurgy. This work is intended to develop the magnesium hybrid matrix with the dispersion of boron carbide (B₄C) and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Hybrid magnesium composites are prepared, although the powder metallurgy route considers different process parameters. Statistical analysis such as Taguchi L16 orthogonal array is involved in this work. It is used to find the magnesium hybrid samples' minimum and maximum wear, corrosion, and microhardness levels. Powder metallurgy parameters are B₄C (3%, 6%, 9%, and 12%), MWCNT (0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, and 0.8%), ball milling (1, 2, 3, and 4 h), and sintering (3, 4, 5, and 6 h). The ball milling parameters are extremely influenced in the wear test analysis. Minimum wear losses are obtained as 0.008 g by influencing the 4 h ball milling process. Similarly, 3 h of sintering time offered a minimum corrosion rate of 0.00078 mm/yr. In microhardness analysis, the percentage of MWCNTs is highly implicated in narrow hardness resulting in the hardness value of 181. The hardness value is recorded using 0.2% MWCNTs in the magnesium alloy AZ80.</p>","PeriodicalId":15780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental horticulture","volume":"19 1","pages":"7773185"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9155944/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90831915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A53T mutant α-synuclein fibrils formed in macrophage are spread to neurons.","authors":"Shogo Moriya, Michiko Hanazono, Takeshi Fukuhara, Katsuro Iwase, Nobutaka Hattori, Masaki Takiguchi","doi":"10.1007/s00018-022-04263-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00018-022-04263-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lewy body (LB), which mainly consists of abnormal α-synuclein (αS) aggregates, is a histological hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD). αS aggregation and LB inclusions are induced by spreading αS fibrils to neurons; therefore, the formation and transmission of αS fibrils to neurons may play an essential role in initiating LB formation in neurons. αS expressed in neurons is released into the extracellular space and taken up by macrophages and microglia; therefore, we hypothesized that macrophages/microglia play a role in the formation and spread of αS fibrils. In this study, we aimed to investigate the involvement of macrophages/microglia in the formation and spread of αS fibrils using transgenic animals that express human αS in macrophages/microglia. Transgenic zebrafish expressing A53T mutated αS (αS_A53T) in macrophages/microglia revealed αS accumulation in neurons. Transcriptome analysis by RNA-seq of human αS and αS_A53T expressing zebrafish revealed that kinase genes and E3 ubiquitin protein ligase genes were significantly high, and neuronal activity and transport-related Gene Ontology terms were also isolated. Meanwhile, αS_A53T monomers were taken up by A-THP-1 cells; processed to larger molecules, which could be αS fibrils; and released from macrophage cells. Furthermore, the ubiquitin-proteasome system modulated αS fibrils in A-THP-1 cells. αS fibrils suggest being formed from monomers in macrophages and spread to neurons to induce αS aggregates. Therefore, macrophages may play an essential role in the formation of αS aggregates and the pathogenesis of PD.</p>","PeriodicalId":15780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental horticulture","volume":"23 1","pages":"234"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11073293/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90836277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}