{"title":"Fertilizer Source and Irrigation Depth Affect Nutrient Leaching During Coleus Container Production","authors":"K. Sanders, J. Beasley, E. Bush, S. Conger","doi":"10.24266/0738-2898-37.4.113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-37.4.113","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Nutrient leaching during nursery container production can have negative effects on plant growth and the environment. The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of fertilizer sourc...","PeriodicalId":15780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental horticulture","volume":"37 1","pages":"113-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49371325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Murphy, G. Runion, S. Prior, H. Torbert, J. Sibley, G. Fain, Jeremy M. Pickens
{"title":"Effects of Fertilizer Placement on Greenhouse Gas Emissions from a Sun and Shade Grown Ornamental Crop1","authors":"A. Murphy, G. Runion, S. Prior, H. Torbert, J. Sibley, G. Fain, Jeremy M. Pickens","doi":"10.24266/0738-2898-37.3.74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-37.3.74","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The level to which ornamental plant production impacts rising atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations remains unknown. Research to date has focused on developing baseline estimations of GHG emissions from plant-pot production systems and their contribution to global warming potential. To date, pot size, irrigation delivery method and fertilizer application method have been evaluated in the production of common woody ornamental crops. In this study, two perennial herbaceous plants, full-sun-grown ‘Stella D'Oro' daylily (Hemerocallis × ‘Stella D'Oro' L.) and shade-grown ‘Royal Standard' hosta (Hosta × ‘Royal Standard') (Hosta plantaginea Aschers × Hosta sieboldiana N.Fujita) were grown utilizing one of three common fertilizer application methods (dibbled, incorporated or top-dressed). Plants were grown in 3.8 L (1 gal) nursery containers in a 6:1 pinebark:sand substrate with standard amendments. Gas samples were collected in situ according to standard GRACEnet protocols weekly for five months. Cumulative emissions for both CO2 and N2O were least for plant-pot systems using the dibbled fertilizer method, regardless of species. Cumulative CO2 emissions were highest for plants fertilized by incorporation, followed by those fertilized by top-dressing. No differences were observed between N2O efflux measurements for systems fertilized by either the incorporated or top-dressed methods. Results suggest that dibbling fertilizer could significantly decrease both CO2 and N2O emission.\u0000 Index words: carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane, trace gas.\u0000 Species used in this study: ‘Stella D'Oro' daylily (Hemerocallis × ‘Stella D'Oro' L.); ‘Royal Standard' hosta [(Hosta × ‘Royal Standard') (Hosta plantaginea Aschers × Hosta sieboldiana N.Fujita)].","PeriodicalId":15780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental horticulture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42596949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Timing of Collection and Preparation of Hardwood Stem Cuttings for Propagating Hybrid Hazelnuts 1","authors":"L. Braun, D. Wyse","doi":"10.24266/0738-2898-37.3.81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-37.3.81","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In previous trials we had found that dormant hybrid hazelnuts crown suckers collected in the fall after leaf drop can be successfully rooted if they are chilled at least until January before being placed in low-cost humidity tents in a greenhouse. The first objective of this experiment was to determine if cuttings could be rooted if started earlier, so as to avoid the heat stress found in the greenhouse in late spring and early summer. The second objective was to see if rooting rates could be improved by collecting non-dormant crown suckers in September and October, before leaf drop. We hypothesized that by collecting stems at a time in the fall when woody plants are translocating resources from leaves to their root systems, we could direct those resources towards growth of adventitious roots. This hypothesis proved to be wrong: stems collected in full leaf died, even with measures to avoid moisture loss from leaves. However, we found that stems collected soon after leaf abscission, in early November, could be rooted if placed in the humidity tents in late November, after only three weeks of artificial chilling at 2 C (36 F). That is much less chilling than we previously thought was needed.\u0000 Index words: propagation, Corylus americana (Walter), Corylus avellana (L.), rooting, chilling requirement.\u0000 Chemicals used in this study: indole-3-butyric acid (IBA).\u0000 Species used in this study: hybrid hazelnuts [Corylus americana (Walter) x Corylus avellana (L.)].","PeriodicalId":15780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental horticulture","volume":"1 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41302261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Control of Insects and Diseases with Intelligent Variable-rate Sprayers in Ornamental Nurseries1","authors":"Liming Chen, M. Wallhead, Heping Zhu, A. Fulcher","doi":"10.24266/0738-2898-37.3.90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-37.3.90","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Intelligent spray technology can reduce pesticide use and safeguard the environment; however, its ability to effectively control insects and disease must be validated before its adoption by growers. Comparative tests for two different laser-guided variable-rate intelligent sprayers and the same sprayers with conventional constant-rate mode were conducted to control pests at two ornamental nurseries in two growing seasons in Ohio. Crabapple [Malus ‘Sutyzam’ (Sugar Tyme®), M. sargentii], apple (Malus pumila), maple [Acer ×freemanii ‘Jeffersred' (Autumn Blaze®), A. rubrum ‘Franksred' (Red Sunset®) and A. rubrum], birch (Betula nigra and Betula populifolia ‘Whitespire'), London planetree (Platanus ×acerifolia ‘Bloodgood') and dogwood (Cornus florida) were used as the test plants. Intelligent spray technology reduced pesticide use by 56.1% and 51.8% on average at the two nurseries, respectively. Compared to conventional air-assisted sprayers, severity of scab on apple trees and powdery mildew in dogwood was reduced on intelligent spray-treated plants at one nursery, and there were equal or fewer leafhoppers in maple trees and aphids in birch trees when sprayed using intelligent spray technology at both nurseries. These results suggest that intelligent, variable-rate sprayers achieve equivalent or greater insect and disease control in ornamental tree nurseries compared to conventional, constant-rate sprayers.\u0000 Index words: aphid, apple scab, environmental protection, leafhopper, precision spray, powdery mildew, sustainable.\u0000 Species used in this study: apple (Malus pumila Mill), birches (Betula nigra L, Betula populifolia Marsh. ‘Whitespire'), crabapples [Malus ‘Sutyzam' (Sugar Tyme®), M. sargentii Rehder], dogwood (Cornus florida L.), maples [Acer ×freemanii E. Murray ‘Jeffersred' (Autumn Blaze®), A. rubrum L. ‘Franksred'(Red Sunset®) and A. rubrum L.], London planetree [Platanus ×acerifolia (Ait.) Willd. ‘Bloodgood'].","PeriodicalId":15780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental horticulture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48301798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Japanese Stiltgrass (Microstegium vimineum) Germination Pattern and its Impact on Control Strategies1","authors":"G. Payne, Jim Evans, J. Derr, E. Murdock","doi":"10.24266/0738-2898-37.3.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-37.3.101","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Field trials were conducted by Virginia Master Naturalists to determine the germination period for Japanese stiltgrass and its impact on timing of postemergence herbicide applications. Germination rates declined from April to June, with no germination seen after mid-June. Glyphosate applications in early May significantly reduced Japanese stiltgrass cover that month, but post-treatment germination resulted in approximately 25% cover by October, with 78% cover seen in untreated plots. However, no Japanese stiltgrass was observed in October when glyphosate was applied in either the third week of June or the third week of July. A single application of glyphosate was effective for Japanese stiltgrass control if applications are made in June after new germination had ceased, verified by multi-year herbicide field trials. Field trials conducted by Virginia Tech showed preemergence applications of prodiamine reduced Japanese stiltgrass stand from 30 to 94%, depending on rate and timing, but even in the most effective treatment there was still at least 19% cover by August. Prodiamine treatments that utilized May applications were more effective for crabgrass (Digitaria spp.) control than for Japanese stiltgrass, supporting the earlier germination pattern for Japanese stiltgrass. Inclusion of this work in this paper provides a more complete picture of the treatment options for Japanese stiltgrass. A timed postemergence herbicide application may be a better control option for this weed than use of a preemergence herbicide application.\u0000 Index words: herbicide application, invasive plants, weed control.\u0000 Chemicals used in this study: Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine)], prodiamine (2,6-Dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-benzenediamine).\u0000 Species used in this study: Japanese stiltgrass (Microstegium vimineum (Trin.) A Camus.).","PeriodicalId":15780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental horticulture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46545650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Field Pretreatment of Crown Suckers for Propagating Hybrid Hazelnuts","authors":"L. Braun, D. Wyse","doi":"10.24266/0738-2898-37.3.85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-37.3.85","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Hybrid hazelnuts [Corylus americana (Walter) x C. avellana (L.)] are being developed for their ecological and economic value as a new crop for the Upper Midwest, but lack of economically viable propagation methods is a significant bottleneck to their wide scale adoption. Thus far, mound layering has been the primary propagation method, but layering cannot produce the numbers of plants needed for large-scale production. Rooting hardwood stem cuttings is a possible alternative. In a factorial experiment, we evaluated two pretreatments, blanching with sawdust and application of IBA, applied to rapidly growing first year collar suckers in the field five months ahead of collection for rooting. These treatments simulated mound layering, but without girdling. Sawdust by itself significantly increased both quantity and quality of subsequent rooting, but IBA pretreatment in combination with sawdust produced even better results. Stem cuttings were rooted in a growth chamber, set at 22 C (72 F) and 60% relative humidity, with PAR of 320 umol.m−2 s−1 for 16 hours per day. The lack of heat stress in the growth chamber likely also contributed to relatively high rooting relative to the humidity tents used in previous trials.\u0000 Index words: Propagation, Corylus americana (Walter), Corylus avellana (L.), rooting, etiolation.\u0000 Chemicals used in this study: indole-3-butyric acid (IBA).\u0000 Species used in this study: hybrid hazelnuts [Corylus americana (Walter) x Corylus avellana (L.)].","PeriodicalId":15780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental horticulture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49296395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Efficacy of preemergence herbicides over time","authors":"J. Altland","doi":"10.24266/0738-2898-37.2.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-37.2.55","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Preemergence herbicides are applied to container-grown nursery crops repeatedly throughout the year, often in 8 to 10 week intervals. Preemergence herbicide efficacy may decline over time, resulting in reduced weed control several weeks after application if weed seed density remains high. The objective of this research is to evaluate efficacy of preemergence herbicides on creeping woodsorrel (Oxalis corniculata L.) and flexuous bittercress (Cardamine flexuosa With.) by applying weed seed from 0 to 10 weeks after herbicide application. Granular formulations of pendimethalin, prodiamine + isoxaben, oxyfluorfen + pendimethalin, and flumioxazin were applied at their maximum labeled rates to separate groups of containers every two weeks for ten weeks. After the herbicide application at 10 weeks, 40 seeds of creeping woodsorrel and flexuous bittercress each were applied to all containers. All herbicides provided effective control when seed were applied within 2 weeks of herbicide application. Herbicides containing oxyfluorfen or flumioxazin provided effective preemergence bittercress and creeping woodsorrel control when seed were applied up to 8 to 10 weeks after herbicide application. Other herbicide products resulted in reduced control as the time between herbicide and seed application increased.\u0000 Index words: weed control, container crops, substrates.\u0000 Species used in this study: flexuous bittercress (Cardamine flexuosa With.), creeping woodsorrel (Oxalis corniculata L.).\u0000 Chemicals used in this study: pendimethalin (Pendulum 2G), prodiamine + isoxaben (Gemini G), pendimethalin + oxyfluorfen (OH2), and flumioxazin (BroadStar).","PeriodicalId":15780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental horticulture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47706000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Allison Bechtloff, C. Adams, S. Wilson, Z. Deng, Christine Wiese
{"title":"Insights from Southeastern US Nursery Growers Guide Research for Sterile Ornamental Cultivars 1","authors":"Allison Bechtloff, C. Adams, S. Wilson, Z. Deng, Christine Wiese","doi":"10.24266/0738-2898-37.1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-37.1.9","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Some ornamental plants important to the nursery and landscape industries escape cultivation, spread to natural areas, and become invasive, outcompeting native plants in those ecosystems. Development of sterile cultivars of these problematic species can be one way to continue their sales yet limit their invasive potential and protect natural areas. To maximize the economic (and ecological) impact of this approach, sterile cultivar research and development should directly address grower needs. We conducted a survey of southeastern US growers to quantify sales of five popular yet invasive ornamentals (Coral ardisia, Chinese privet, Japanese honeysuckle, Heavenly bamboo, and Mexican petunia). Firms ranged from small businesses to large operations with up to $30M in gross annual sales. Respondents expressed a largely positive opinion of sterile cultivar research (74%) and a willingness to sell the sterile cultivars once created. Most (40%) recommended that sterile cultivar research on Heavenly bamboo was most critical, while 30% suggested that Chinese privet was the most important research target of the five species. The industry's willingness to adopt sterile cultivars documented in this survey positions the southeastern US to lead development of sterile cultivars and reduce invasiveness of economically important plants; research and development will be most effective if guided by industry input revealed here.\u0000 Index words: Invasive species, invasive ornamental, sterile cultivar, ornamental plants, non-invasive, non-native, survey, nursery production, economic impacts.\u0000 Species used in this study: Coral ardisia (Ardisia crenata Sims); Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense Lour.); Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica Thunb.); Heavenly bamboo (Nandina domestica Thunb.); Mexican petunia (Ruellia simplex C.Wright).","PeriodicalId":15780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental horticulture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46198854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimizing Temperature and Humidity for Rooting Hybrid Hazelnuts from Hardwood Stem Cuttings1","authors":"L. Braun, D. Wyse","doi":"10.24266/0738-2898-37.2.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-37.2.44","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Hybrid hazelnuts are being developed as a new crop for the Upper Midwest for their ecological and economic value, but lack of economically viable propagation methods is a significant bottleneck to their wide scale adoption. In previous trials we found that hardwood stem cuttings could be propagated in low cost humidity tents constructed of molded plastic tubs covered with white 70% shade plastic. When the plastic was sealed tightly at the sides, these tubs maintained relative humidity near saturation, but also tended to overheat. This trial experimented with the use of ordinary household humidifiers as an alternative way of maintaining humidity while avoiding overheating. We found that it is not necessary to maintain RH near 100% as we had been doing when we kept the humidity tents tightly sealed. Stem survival and, as a consequence, rooting were improved in vented tents in which humidity was maintained with humidifiers, though these required much more management than the sealed tents.\u0000 Index words: Propagation, Corylus americana (Walter), Corylus avellana (L.), rooting, indole-3-butyric acid\u0000 Chemicals used in this study: indole-3-butyric acid (IBA)\u0000 Species used in this study: hybrid hazelnuts [Corylus americana (Walter) x Corylus avellana (L.)]","PeriodicalId":15780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental horticulture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43392199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Update of the Literature Supporting the Well-Being Benefits of Plants: Part 2 Physiological Health Benefits","authors":"C. Hall, M. Knuth","doi":"10.24266/0738-2898-37.2.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-37.2.63","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper focused on providing evidence from the literature regarding the physiological health benefits associated with plants, thereby influencing the physiological, psychological, and cognitive well-being constructs affecting quality of life. These benefits are segmented and discussed using the following categories: better sleep, increased birthweights, decreased diabetes, decreased ocular discomfort, enhanced immunity, improved circadian functioning, improved rehabilitation, decreased cardiovascular and respiratory disease, decreased mortality, improved digestion, decreased allergies, increased physical activity, and improved cognitive development. This research should be strategically incorporated into both industry-wide and firm-specific marketing messages that highlight the quality of life value proposition in order to maintain the industry's sense of value and relevance to residential landscape consumers of the future. These findings also present evidence that municipal leaders and policymakers can use in justifying green infrastructure-related funding decisions, as well as grounds for the construction industry using biophilic design principles in ensuring the built environment offers opportunities for green space interactions. The green industry can play a pivotal role not only in providing plants of high quality for these applications but educating stakeholders regarding the benefits discussed herein.\u0000 Index words: benefits of plants, emotional health, mental health","PeriodicalId":15780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental horticulture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41930908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}