Journal of Fire Sciences最新文献_第4页

Synergistic effect of nano silicon and piperazine pyrophosphate/melamine polyphosphate on flame retardancy of polypropylene 纳米硅与焦磷酸哌嗪/聚磷酸三聚氰胺对聚丙烯阻燃性能的协同效应

IF 1.9 4区工程技术

Journal of Fire Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-20 DOI: 10.1177/07349041231175344

Chenran Fan, Lijuan Wei, Shicheng Zhao

{"title":"Synergistic effect of nano silicon and piperazine pyrophosphate/melamine polyphosphate on flame retardancy of polypropylene","authors":"Chenran Fan, Lijuan Wei, Shicheng Zhao","doi":"10.1177/07349041231175344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07349041231175344","url":null,"abstract":"To improve the flame retardant efficiency of intumescent flame retardants, some nano-scale additives as synergists were always added. In this work, nano silicon and piperazine pyrophosphate/melamine polyphosphate into polypropylene was investigated, which was obviously efficient to improve thermal stability and flame retardancy. The optimal synergistic ratio corresponded to 1 wt% SiO2, 10 wt% piperazine pyrophosphate, and 5 wt% melamine polyphosphate. The system passed the UL-94 V-1 classification and had a limiting oxygen index value of 34.5%. It exhibited a decrease on peak heat release rate and peak smoke production rate by 81% and 80%, respectively. Based on characterizations of scanning electron microscope, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the synergistic mechanism was investigated. A reactive cross-linking network between SiO2 and piperazine pyrophosphate/melamine polyphosphate during burning was formed to enhance the structure of carbon protective layer. Nano silicon acted as a foaming nucleating agent to promote the formation of porous dense carbon layer in intumescent flame retardants during burning. The synergistic strategy of SiO2 and piperazine pyrophosphate/melamine polyphosphate provided new compounded system for the design of polymeric materials with excellent flame retardancy, great thermal stability, and low release of heat and smoke.","PeriodicalId":15772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fire Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41666331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modelling of the swelling behaviour of a fire retarded material under a cone calorimeter 锥形量热计下阻燃材料膨胀行为的建模

IF 1.9 4区工程技术

Journal of Fire Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-06 DOI: 10.1177/07349041231177183

Manon Fleurotte, G. Debenest, O. Authier, G. Fontaine, S. Bourbigot, A. Amokrane

{"title":"Modelling of the swelling behaviour of a fire retarded material under a cone calorimeter","authors":"Manon Fleurotte, G. Debenest, O. Authier, G. Fontaine, S. Bourbigot, A. Amokrane","doi":"10.1177/07349041231177183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07349041231177183","url":null,"abstract":"Modelling the swelling behaviour of intumescent materials is an important and challenging issue because this phenomenon influences their pyrolysis process. It must be therefore considered to improve the predictability of pyrolysis models. The objective of this work was to implement a swelling model in the pyrolysis code Gpyro in order to predict the behaviour of a sample of ethylene vinyl acetate containing aluminium trihydroxide (EVA/ATH) polymer studied by cone calorimetry. This polymer is used for making the external sheath of electrical cables. Unlike existing works in the literature, the model implemented here, and adapted to EVA/ATH, does not require information on the densities of the initial and final materials, which makes it more predictive. To characterize the swelling, experiments were carried out to measure the evolution of the sample thickness as a function of time. The mass loss and the back surface temperature of the sample were also measured. This was done under different operating conditions. These measurements are compared with the swelling predicted by the model and the results were found to be in good agreement. The model can be extended easily to other materials.","PeriodicalId":15772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fire Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48198010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

A review on volatilization of flame retarding compounds from polymeric textile materials used in firefighter protective garment 消防员防护服用高分子纺织材料中阻燃剂的挥发研究进展

IF 1.9 4区工程技术

Journal of Fire Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-06 DOI: 10.1177/07349041231171349

Vincent N Mokoana, J. Asante, O. J. Okonkwo

{"title":"A review on volatilization of flame retarding compounds from polymeric textile materials used in firefighter protective garment","authors":"Vincent N Mokoana, J. Asante, O. J. Okonkwo","doi":"10.1177/07349041231171349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07349041231171349","url":null,"abstract":"Polymeric textile materials, now, find extensive application in modern society than previously imagined, particularly in protective clothing. The application of these polymeric materials has been restricted by their flammability and contribution to fire risk. Flame retarding compounds and inherent flame-retardant materials have been introduced to reduce and even halt the flammability of polymers. However, over time, flame retardants tend to leach out of materials. The exposure of polymer textile to varying heat intensities may trigger polymer and flame retardant’s volatilization and thermal degradation. Firefighters may be exposed to toxic chemicals through the volatilization of flame-retardant compounds from the bunker gear. Flame retardant’s volatilization is associated with thermal degradation of the flame-retardant chemical compounds in the textile material. This review focuses on volatilization of flame retardants from protective textile materials resulting from exposure to heat and seeks to provide the necessary understanding about the release of flame retardants from flame-retardant textiles, particularly firefighting garments.","PeriodicalId":15772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fire Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46781185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Performance improvement of the dry chemical-based fire extinguishers using nanocalcium silicate synthesised from biowaste 利用生物废弃物合成纳米硅酸钙提高干粉灭火器性能

IF 1.9 4区工程技术

Journal of Fire Sciences Pub Date : 2023-04-24 DOI: 10.1177/07349041231168553

Nuttabodee Viriyawattana, Surachat Sinworn

引用次数: 0

Flammability and explosion characteristics of hardwood dust 硬木粉尘的燃烧和爆炸特性

IF 1.9 4区工程技术

Journal of Fire Sciences Pub Date : 2023-04-19 DOI: 10.1177/07349041231168554

J. Przybysz, M. Celiński, P. Kozikowski, K. Mizera, M. Borucka, Agnieszka Gajek

引用次数: 0

Automatic early detection of wildfire smoke with visible-light cameras and EfficientDet 使用可见光相机和EfficientDet自动早期检测野火烟雾

IF 1.9 4区工程技术

Journal of Fire Sciences Pub Date : 2023-04-18 DOI: 10.1177/07349041231163451

A. Fernandes, Andrei Borissovitch Utkin, Paulo Chaves

引用次数: 1

Toxicity of organophosphorus flame retardants 有机磷阻燃剂的毒性

IF 1.9 4区工程技术

Journal of Fire Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-23 DOI: 10.1177/07349041231161493

B. Howell

引用次数: 0

Impact of additive manufacturing on reaction to fire 增材制造对火灾反应的影响

IF 1.9 4区工程技术

Journal of Fire Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-07 DOI: 10.1177/07349041231158990

T. Nazé, F. Poutch, F. Bonnet, M. Jimenez, S. Bourbigot

引用次数: 0

Upward flame spread over discrete thin solids separated by heat-absorbing inert materials 向上的火焰蔓延在由吸热惰性材料隔开的离散的薄固体上

IF 1.9 4区工程技术

Journal of Fire Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-10 DOI: 10.1177/07349041231153145

Wohan Cui, Ankit Sharma, Ya-Ting T. Liao

{"title":"Upward flame spread over discrete thin solids separated by heat-absorbing inert materials","authors":"Wohan Cui, Ankit Sharma, Ya-Ting T. Liao","doi":"10.1177/07349041231153145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07349041231153145","url":null,"abstract":"Flame spread over discrete solid fuels has been of key research interest in the past few decades. Most studies considered an array of discrete fuels separated by air gaps or heat-insulating inert materials. The effects of heat loss due to the discrete configuration are not well understood. The present study aims to bridge this knowledge gap. A series of experiments are performed using a vertical array of thin discrete fuels separated by heat-absorbing inert materials of different thicknesses. For comparisons, experiments are also performed using discrete fuels separated by air gaps and using continuous fuel. The flame base spread rate is found to be generally higher in discrete fuel than in continuous fuel configurations, due to a reduced fuel load per unit length. It is also found that the air and inert gaps have opposite effects on the solid burning rates. The air gaps break the no-slip boundary, allowing the laterally entrained buoyancy flow (normal to the sample surface) to push the flame closer to the samples. This leads to an enhanced heat flux on the sample surface and an increased solid burning rate. On the other hand, the inert materials retain the flow boundary profile and act as a heat sink during flame spread, thereby reducing the solid burning rate. As the inert thickness increases, flame spread rate and solid burning rate decrease. Based on these observations, an existing model for flame spread rate is updated by incorporating the heat-absorbing effects of the gaps. The correlation is validated using the experimental data.","PeriodicalId":15772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fire Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45692412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Old age and fire injury 老年与火伤

IF 1.9 4区工程技术

Journal of Fire Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1177/07349041231153040

M. Taylor, H. Francis, J. Fielding

引用次数: 1