Journal of Fire Sciences最新文献

An experimental case study of escooter fire in a four-story building 四层楼房中的逃生车火灾实验案例研究

IF 1.9 4区工程技术

Journal of Fire Sciences Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.1177/07349041241268991

XY Liu, MX Ma, ZL Wei, HS Zhen, YL Wang

{"title":"An experimental case study of escooter fire in a four-story building","authors":"XY Liu, MX Ma, ZL Wei, HS Zhen, YL Wang","doi":"10.1177/07349041241268991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07349041241268991","url":null,"abstract":"Driven by the necessity to understand the fire and smoke dispersion characteristics of electric bicycle (escooter) fires and their effects on residents’ safety in rural houses, this study was conducted to perform full-scale fire experiments in a village house in Hainan, People’s Republic of China. The tested building is a typical multi-story building representative of rural houses in southern China. It is found that an escooter fire grows rapidly once its lithium-ion battery is overcharged to ignite. Inside the stairwell where the escooters are parked, a significant increase in temperature over 60°C across all floors is observed and the maximum temperature reaches up to 800°C on the first floor. Furthermore, the propagation of smoke is fast, reaching the upper floors within 5 minutes and filling the entire building within 7 minutes. Due to stack effect, carbon monoxide concentration is the highest on the fourth floor, notably higher than the other floors. Closing the doors of rooms where occupants are typically present is found to effectively block heat and smoke transfer. Thus, in case an escooter’s lithium-ion battery undergoes explosion combustion, it is better that residents stay in rooms by closing or even sealing the doors, waiting for help during most of the fire period. However, in case the lithium-ion battery has not been burning, there still are chances for evacuation or putting out the flame.","PeriodicalId":15772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fire Sciences","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142192902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reduced scale test bench for investigating the upward flame heat impact on external thermal insulation composite system facades 用于研究火焰上升热量对外墙外保温复合系统影响的缩小比例试验台

IF 1.9 4区工程技术

Journal of Fire Sciences Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1177/07349041241259989

Mingwei Tang, Thomas Rogaume, Benjamin Batiot, Tsilla Bensabath, Serge Bourbigot

引用次数: 0

Influence of parameter variation intervals on pyrolysis sensitivity analysis for charring and non-charring materials 参数变化区间对炭化和非炭化材料热解敏感性分析的影响

IF 1.9 4区工程技术

Journal of Fire Sciences Pub Date : 2024-05-28 DOI: 10.1177/07349041241248080

Abdenour Amokrane, Manon Fleurotte, Ali Hodroj, Olivier Authier, Gérald Debenest, Gaëlle Fontaine, Serge Bourbigot

{"title":"Influence of parameter variation intervals on pyrolysis sensitivity analysis for charring and non-charring materials","authors":"Abdenour Amokrane, Manon Fleurotte, Ali Hodroj, Olivier Authier, Gérald Debenest, Gaëlle Fontaine, Serge Bourbigot","doi":"10.1177/07349041241248080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07349041241248080","url":null,"abstract":"This study applies the Morris method for a sensitivity analysis to evaluate the input parameters’ influence on the heat release rate in a pyrolysis model, focusing on two materials, poly(methyl methacrylate) (non-charring) and poly(vinyl chloride) (charring), examined under a cone calorimeter. A key aspect of our exploration was the role of input parameter variation intervals on the sensitivity outcomes. We analyzed three interval-setting methods:1. A standard ±10% deviation from the nominal value, commonly used in the literature.2. A range determined by the experimental uncertainties for individual parameters.3. A span from minimum to maximum values found in existing literature for each parameter.Our intensive literature review supported the framing of intervals for the latter two methods. Our findings underscore the critical role of the selected variation interval. Specifically, while a uniform ±10% variation identified activation energies as the primary influencers—consistent with prior literature—the introduction of experimental uncertainties shifted this prominence toward heats of reaction. Thus, the selected interval can drastically reshape the perceived importance of certain parameters. This original work challenges the traditionally employed variation ranges in sensitivity studies, emphasizing the need for a nuanced approach.","PeriodicalId":15772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fire Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141167944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effect of repeated washings on thermal protective performances of one most used structural firefighting turnout gear in the Gauteng Province in South Africa 反复清洗对南非豪登省最常用的一种结构性消防战斗服热防护性能的影响

IF 1.9 4区工程技术

Journal of Fire Sciences Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1177/07349041241249635

Lucas M Kekana, Joseph KO Asante, Bonex Mwakikunga

{"title":"The effect of repeated washings on thermal protective performances of one most used structural firefighting turnout gear in the Gauteng Province in South Africa","authors":"Lucas M Kekana, Joseph KO Asante, Bonex Mwakikunga","doi":"10.1177/07349041241249635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07349041241249635","url":null,"abstract":"Fire performance measurements of one of the most used firefighting protective ensembles (also called turnout gears), in terms of thermal and smoke hazards, were determined with the cone calorimeter, that of thermal stability were determined with thermogravimetric analyzer, the physical inspection (physical degradation) of the surface done with the scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy measurements determined the elemental compositions of the detergent used in washing and the residual elements in the turnout gears. The cone calorimeter results indicated that the values of the thermal performance parameters, namely: peak heat release rate, maximum average rate of heat emission, and fire growth rate index, all decrease with increasing number of washing cycles, while the smoke parameters: peak smoke production rate, smoke growth rate index, total smoke release, and related sustained flaming values, all increase with increasing number of washing cycles. From the thermogravimetric analyzer measurements, the thermal stability of the turnout gears decrease with increasing number of washings.","PeriodicalId":15772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fire Sciences","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140835621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Re-examination of the intumescence mechanism of ammonium polyphosphate/pentaerythritol/zeolite 4A fire-retarded formulation using advanced spectroscopic techniques 利用先进的光谱技术重新研究聚磷酸铵/季戊四醇/沸石 4A 阻燃配方的膨胀机理

IF 1.9 4区工程技术

Journal of Fire Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-26 DOI: 10.1177/07349041241245697

Matthieu Caron, Karima Ben Tayeb, Serge Bourbigot, Gaëlle Fontaine

{"title":"Re-examination of the intumescence mechanism of ammonium polyphosphate/pentaerythritol/zeolite 4A fire-retarded formulation using advanced spectroscopic techniques","authors":"Matthieu Caron, Karima Ben Tayeb, Serge Bourbigot, Gaëlle Fontaine","doi":"10.1177/07349041241245697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07349041241245697","url":null,"abstract":"The mixture of ammonium polyphosphate and pentaerythritol is a very efficient intumescent system suitable for polyolefins, especially polypropylene. In this article, the intumescence mechanism of this intumescent system with and without zeolite 4A used as a synergy agent is revisited. The intumescent system was investigated in depth using continuous-wave electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, and the advanced technique, namely hyperfine sublevel correlation pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance. It was observed that the char generated between 250°C and 350°C is made of polycyclic heterocyclic radicals with nitrogen atoms and that free radicals are mainly generated at these temperatures with a spin concentration relatively stable at least up to 500°C. Moreover, the presence of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus was clearly evidenced in the chemical environment of free electrons at 350°C (hyperfine sublevel correlation pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance). Besides, it was also evidenced that 4A totally collapses below 250°C. Contrary to previous works suggesting the presence of aluminosilicophosphate complexes, this work demonstrated that distinct alumino- and silicophosphate complexes are generated and protected the residue at high temperatures.","PeriodicalId":15772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fire Sciences","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140800477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analysis of fire extinguishing performance and mechanisms in transformer oil pool fires by large-scale compressed nitrogen foam: Impact of different nozzle pressures 大型压缩氮泡沫在变压器油池火灾中的灭火性能和机理分析：不同喷嘴压力的影响

IF 1.9 4区工程技术

Journal of Fire Sciences Pub Date : 2024-03-26 DOI: 10.1177/07349041241238151

Fengju Shang, Jiaqing Zhang, Taiyun Zhu, Wen Su, Kaiyuan Li, Yanyan Zou, Yi Guo

{"title":"Analysis of fire extinguishing performance and mechanisms in transformer oil pool fires by large-scale compressed nitrogen foam: Impact of different nozzle pressures","authors":"Fengju Shang, Jiaqing Zhang, Taiyun Zhu, Wen Su, Kaiyuan Li, Yanyan Zou, Yi Guo","doi":"10.1177/07349041241238151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07349041241238151","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates the suppression of transformer oil pool fires using compressed nitrogen aqueous film-forming foam extinguishing agents with varying nozzle pressures (0.1–0.4 MPa), and a comprehensive analysis of fire extinguishing behavior and resistance to re-ignition was conducted. The research findings indicate that at a nozzle pressure of 0.4 MPa, there is a significant enhancement in fire extinguishing efficiency, with a reduction in extinguishing time by 15.0%–29.2%, and an increase in resistance to re-ignition by 32.2%–48.2%, making it the optimal choice. In comparison to the 0.1 MPa condition, the maximum instantaneous emissions of CO and SO2 at 0.4 MPa are only 66.7%. The interaction of various effects, such as atomization, results in a significant enhancement of flame intensification and fire extinguishing effects when compressed nitrogen aqueous film-forming foam is sprayed at high nozzle pressures. The study provides valuable insights for firefighters in the practical use of foam extinguishing agents.","PeriodicalId":15772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fire Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140302281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A probabilistic analysis of non-military hangar fire protection systems 非军用机库防火系统的概率分析

IF 1.9 4区工程技术

Journal of Fire Sciences Pub Date : 2024-03-16 DOI: 10.1177/07349041241231206

John T Wade, Bhushan Lohar, Kari Lippert, Rob Cloutier, Sean Walker, Olabode Olanipekun

{"title":"A probabilistic analysis of non-military hangar fire protection systems","authors":"John T Wade, Bhushan Lohar, Kari Lippert, Rob Cloutier, Sean Walker, Olabode Olanipekun","doi":"10.1177/07349041241231206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07349041241231206","url":null,"abstract":"The United States Air Force (USAF) dictates policy for foam fire suppression systems in their hangars. In November 2021, the USAF issued a Sundown Policy for Foam Fire Suppression Systems. The National Fire Protection Association’s Standard on Aircraft Hangars, NFPA 409 serves a similar function. This article uses a real-world installation and analysis of the hangar fire protection scheme stipulated in the USAF Sundown Policy as compared to an installation in compliance with NFPA 409. Applying the Poisson process for a zero-inflated probability distribution, the data referenced for the event tree were evaluated and thereafter validated. The analysis shows that the installation of hangar fire protection stipulated in the USAF Sundown Policy achieves a better performance for the fire protection system than an installation in compliance with NFPA 409, insofar as the risk analysis is concerned. Second, the installation of a fire protection system that complies with the requirements of NFPA 409 fails to achieve the basic probabilistic performance promulgated by the International Code Council’s Performance Code (ICCPC). The validation also demonstrated that the scenario involving the accidental discharge of fire foam was significantly more likely to occur compared to that involving only fire occurrences.","PeriodicalId":15772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fire Sciences","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140147459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characteristics of ulnar neuropathy in baseball players: Focusing on the entrapment point of the ulnar nerve and valgus instability. 棒球运动员尺神经病变的特征：关注尺神经卡压点和外翻不稳定性。

4区工程技术

Journal of Fire Sciences Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-02-22 DOI: 10.1177/17585732231156547

Issei Noda, Yusuke Fukumoto, Masashi Kitano, Shintarou Kudo

{"title":"Characteristics of ulnar neuropathy in baseball players: Focusing on the entrapment point of the ulnar nerve and valgus instability.","authors":"Issei Noda, Yusuke Fukumoto, Masashi Kitano, Shintarou Kudo","doi":"10.1177/17585732231156547","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17585732231156547","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The region where the ulnar nerve (UN) is swollen in baseball players with ulnar neuropathy is not apparent. This study investigated the UN's cross-sectional area (CSA) at each entrapment point in baseball players. We also aimed to clarify the relationship between valgus instability and the CSA of the UN.Methods: Forty baseball players were separated into healthy and ulnar neuropathy groups. The CSA and valgus instability were measured using ultrasonography (US). Relative to the medial epicondyle (MEC), the arcade of Struthers (SA) was 5 cm proximal, the cubital tunnel was the posterior part, and Osborne's ligament was defined as 3 cm distal. The ulnohumeral joint space was imaged as a low-echo space between the distal-medial corner of the trochlea and the proximal edge of the sublime tubercle.Results: The UN in the ulnar neuropathy group had significant swelling in the cubital tunnel and Osborne's ligament. We found a weak positive correlation between the CSA and ulnohumeral joint space, and the ulnohumeral joint space at rest and valgus stress.Conclusion: Evaluation and treatment of UN, especially cubital tunnel and Osborne's ligament, are necessary for the rehabilitation of baseball players presenting with ulnar neuropathy and valgus instability.","PeriodicalId":15772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fire Sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":"35-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10901173/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87237620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental and numerical investigation of a single-tree fire 单树火灾的实验和数值研究

IF 1.9 4区工程技术

Journal of Fire Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-05 DOI: 10.1177/07349041231218967

Gilbert Accary, Joseph Darido, Dominique Morvan, Leo Schneider, Benjamin Betting, Nicolas Frangieh, Sofiane Meradji, Albert Simeoni

引用次数: 0

Radiative ignition properties of food grains and surface temperatures at ignition 粮食的辐射点火特性和点火时的表面温度

IF 1.9 4区工程技术

Journal of Fire Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-02 DOI: 10.1177/07349041231220840

A.B.C. Oguaka, Natalia Flores-Quiroz, Richard Walls

引用次数: 0