Journal of Fire Sciences最新文献_第3页

Improvement of heat release methodologies using mass loss calorimeter and oxygen consumption hood to assess flammability of wood plastic composites 利用质量损失热量计和耗氧罩改进热释放方法，以评估木塑复合材料的可燃性

IF 1.9 4区工程技术

Journal of Fire Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.1177/07349041231210490

M. Dietenberger, Charles R Boardman, Nicole Stark

{"title":"Improvement of heat release methodologies using mass loss calorimeter and oxygen consumption hood to assess flammability of wood plastic composites","authors":"M. Dietenberger, Charles R Boardman, Nicole Stark","doi":"10.1177/07349041231210490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07349041231210490","url":null,"abstract":"The mass loss calorimeter provides a robust method for evaluating flammability of very sooty materials such as wood plastic composites as a lower cost and rugged alternative to the reliable and effective cone calorimeter. The high amounts of smoke and carbon monoxide associated with these materials resulted in a much-reduced heat release rate, resulting in incomplete combustion of the diffusion flame, which required modifications to the standards in measuring heat release rate via oxygen consumption or carbon dioxide production or thermopiles. In addition to liquid fuels of ethylene glycol and methanol, the solids polystyrene and polymethyl methacrylate were used as calibration materials for the mass loss calorimeter and the instrumented heat release rate hood. Because of concerns about the flue gas thermopile methodology for heat release rate measurements, a second thermopile was attached to the exterior of the metal pipe chimney typically used for heat release rate calculations in the mass loss calorimeter. A heat balance analysis indicated that this is an effective design compared with alternative designs. Estimates of flaming heat release rate are reported using both signals from the thermopiles for calculation of heat release rates and confirmed with the updated oxygen consumption analysis under an instrumented hood. This special fire test arrangement was used to assess the flammability of four different wood plastic composites, some with fire-retardant treatments, such as ammonium polyphosphate and brominated, all of which tended to have high smoke production leading to high-radiant energy losses. The reduction of heat release rate with 10% by content of fire-retardant treatment was confirmed by both heat release rate measures. The average heat release rate decreased 19% to 39% when fire retardants were added, relative to this wood flour–polyethylene composite.","PeriodicalId":15772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fire Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139204109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Breakdown characteristics and influencing factors of live 500 kV insulators sprayed by extinguishing agents using helicopters 使用直升机喷洒灭火剂的 500 千伏带电绝缘子的击穿特性和影响因素

IF 1.9 4区工程技术

Journal of Fire Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.1177/07349041231213008

Jiazheng Lu, Tejun Zhou, Chuanping Wu

{"title":"Breakdown characteristics and influencing factors of live 500 kV insulators sprayed by extinguishing agents using helicopters","authors":"Jiazheng Lu, Tejun Zhou, Chuanping Wu","doi":"10.1177/07349041231213008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07349041231213008","url":null,"abstract":"Regarding the problem that helicopters cannot spray live transmission conductors and wildfires directly under an insulator, we built a full-scale 500 kV insulator flashover test platform to simulate high-altitude helicopters spraying fire extinguishing agents. The chemical formulation, spray intensity, and fragmentation method of the fire extinguishing agents were varied. We simulated the breakdown characteristics of insulators when helicopters spray fire extinguishing agents, revealing the mechanism of high-altitude live fire extinguishment for high-spray-intensity and high-conductivity agents. Furthermore, an insulation performance verification test of a helicopter spraying live equipment at different flight speeds and altitudes was carried out, and the behavior of the fire extinguishing agents was divided into a five-zone diffusion law consisting of the (1) water column, (2) continuous water block, (3) semi-continuous water body, (4) large droplet particles, and (5) small droplet particles. We propose a spraying live transmission line method in which the helicopter flight height and speed jointly control the particle size of the fire extinguishing agent. When the particle size of the fire extinguishing agent at the terminal is controlled to 560–4000 μm, the insulation performance of the fire extinguishing agent can be effectively improved. During high-incidence periods of wildfires, such as the Spring Festival and Qingming Festival in 2023, on-site firefighting on the Hunan power grid was performed using helicopters to spray fire extinguishing agents from top to bottom through live transmission conductors to extinguish wildfire disasters directly below the transmission conductors. Neither transmission line flashovers nor power outages occurred when the fires were extinguished.","PeriodicalId":15772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fire Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139232993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A preliminary study on the fire suppression efficacy of a prototype system on hydrocarbon-based diffusion flames 关于原型系统对碳氢化合物扩散火焰灭火效果的初步研究

IF 1.9 4区工程技术

Journal of Fire Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-21 DOI: 10.1177/07349041231213234

Paul Joseph, Malavika Arun, Khalid A. M. Moinuddin

{"title":"A preliminary study on the fire suppression efficacy of a prototype system on hydrocarbon-based diffusion flames","authors":"Paul Joseph, Malavika Arun, Khalid A. M. Moinuddin","doi":"10.1177/07349041231213234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07349041231213234","url":null,"abstract":"We have investigated the use of a novel dual-stage firefighting strategy, where an inert gas is deployed as a carrier agent to discharge foamed water, obtained by mixing environmentally friendly surface-active agents. Here we also report specifically on some in-house built practical strategies. With a view to gauging the relative fire suppression efficacies of the selected agents, each one was discharged as a fine spray onto fires involving hexane, and also optionally where a typical Li-ion battery electrolyte acted as the fuel. In summary, it can be inferred that the air- or nitrogen-detergent formulations showed enhanced fire suppression attributes, in small-scale experiments, as compared with the aqueous medium alone. Furthermore, in almost all cases, the fire extinction property can be attributed mainly to the physical phenomena, produced by the flow of the inert gas, or air and enhanced wettability of the medium. Given that the fire tests were done at a relatively small scale, no definite conclusions can be drawn than those provided above; however, this study warrants further investigation, especially, at a larger scale.","PeriodicalId":15772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fire Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139252961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Forced convective heat transfer in vegetation by measuring liquid water evaporation 测量液态水蒸发的植被强迫对流换热

4区工程技术

Journal of Fire Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-14 DOI: 10.1177/07349041231202987

Kunhyuk Sung, Eric Mueller, Anthony Hamins

引用次数: 0

Literature review and hazard identification relating to fire safety in commercial plastic recycling facilities 有关商业塑料回收设施消防安全的文献综述和危险识别

4区工程技术

Journal of Fire Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-28 DOI: 10.1177/07349041231199894

Courtney Devine, Natalia Flores, Richard Walls

引用次数: 0

Revisiting the “Steiner Tunnel” test method covered under ASTM E84: An overview and analysis of the test method 重温ASTM E84中涵盖的“施泰纳隧道”测试方法:测试方法的概述和分析

4区工程技术

Journal of Fire Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.1177/07349041231194909

Alexander B Morgan

引用次数: 0

A computational fluid dynamics model to estimate local quantities in firebrand char oxidation 估算燃烧炭氧化过程中局部量的计算流体动力学模型

4区工程技术

Journal of Fire Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-14 DOI: 10.1177/07349041231195847

Shrikar Banagiri, Joseph Meadows, Brian Y Lattimer

{"title":"A computational fluid dynamics model to estimate local quantities in firebrand char oxidation","authors":"Shrikar Banagiri, Joseph Meadows, Brian Y Lattimer","doi":"10.1177/07349041231195847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07349041231195847","url":null,"abstract":"Firebrand burning is a complex phenomenon that is influenced by several parameters which are difficult to fully explore experimentally. Computational fluid dynamics models capable of predicting local quantities are essential for accurate prediction of char oxidation in firebrands. This article presents a computational fluid dynamics model to estimate firebrand mass loss, diameter change, and surface temperature during char oxidation. The model was validated using previously conducted wind tunnel experiments. These experiments were conducted for firebrands of two different aspect ratios, which were arranged in three different configurations (single, horizontal array, and vertical array), and for four different wind speeds (0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 m/s). The computational fluid dynamics results were compared with a previous 1 D model. In all the test cases, the computational fluid dynamics model predicted the physical phenomena with significantly improved accuracy compared to a 1 D model. The char oxidation model presented in this article can be coupled with other models to study firebrand generation and trajectory, biomass pyrolysis, fluidized bed reactors, and coal combustion.","PeriodicalId":15772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fire Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134912877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quantification of hydrogen cyanide in fire effluent 消防废水中氰化氢的定量分析

IF 1.9 4区工程技术

Journal of Fire Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-30 DOI: 10.1177/07349041231193756

Iben Hansen-Bruhn, S. Mckenna, T. Hull

{"title":"Quantification of hydrogen cyanide in fire effluent","authors":"Iben Hansen-Bruhn, S. Mckenna, T. Hull","doi":"10.1177/07349041231193756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07349041231193756","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogen cyanide is often the most toxicologically significant component in fire effluents from nitrogen-containing materials. Unlike the other major asphyxiant, carbon monoxide, sensors for continuous hydrogen cyanide quantification, at and above dangerous concentrations, are not commercially available. This article investigates the analysis of fire effluent captured in bubbler solutions, by colorimetric quantification of hydrogen cyanide using chloramine-T/isonicotinic acid. The bubbler samples were mixed with colorimetric reagents to give a blue dye in response to cyanide ions. A novel reaction scheme accounting for the formation of the blue dye from cyanide ions is presented. Dilute, standard cyanide solutions were found to be stable after storage for up to 1 year. Alkaline bubbler solutions, through which the fire effluent has passed, showed consistent cyanide concentrations, for samples stored between 5°C and 21°C, for up to 31 days after sampling. The effect of other common ions likely to be present in fire effluent solution samples (CO32−, SO32−, SO42−, NO2− and NO3−) was investigated for their potential interference. The most significant interference was sulphite which reduced the apparent cyanide concentration by 13% at 10 mg L−1SO32− concentration.","PeriodicalId":15772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fire Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45322077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Experimental study and modelling of real-scale vertical cable tray fires 实际规模垂直电缆桥架火灾的实验研究与建模

IF 1.9 4区工程技术

Journal of Fire Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-18 DOI: 10.1177/07349041231191451

A. Amokrane, Guillaume Alloschery, B. Gautier

引用次数: 0

Quantifying disparities in fire-related mortality of US career and volunteer firefighters: A 43-year database study 量化美国职业消防员和志愿消防员火灾相关死亡率的差异：一项43年的数据库研究

IF 1.9 4区工程技术

Journal of Fire Sciences Pub Date : 2023-07-24 DOI: 10.1177/07349041231189208

Jian Li, Jun Li, Shitan Wang

引用次数: 0