Journal of Functional Biomaterials最新文献

{"title":"Sustainable Thermal Post-Processing of PLA 3D Prints: Increased Dimensional Precision and Autoclave Compatibility.","authors":"Florina Chiscop, Carmen-Cristiana Cazacu, Dragos-Alexandru Cazacu, Costel Emil Cotet","doi":"10.3390/jfb16090334","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfb16090334","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the thermal properties and sterilization efficacy of polylactic acid (PLA) components fabricated via fused deposition modeling (FDM), focusing on PLA's compatibility with autoclave sterilization protocols. While PLA is extensively recognized for its biobased and biodegradable characteristics, its limited thermal stability has traditionally restricted its application in high-temperature sterilization settings, such as in medical contexts. In our research, we examined three distinct specimen geometries-cylindrical, rectangular, and curved-subjecting them to thermal post-processing through constrained annealing, employing salt or silicone as the embedding medium. Following this process, we exposed the specimens to elevated temperatures, simulating typical sterilization conditions. The outcomes indicated that the annealed PLA specimens exhibited dimensional stability at temperatures exceeding 170 °C, thereby demonstrating their viability for steam sterilization procedures. To translate these findings into practical applications, we selected a small, complex geometrically relevant component, the Easy Bone Collector (EBC) shell, for autoclave testing at 134 °C. Post-sterilization, the part successfully retained its shape and functionality, indicating that, with appropriate thermal conditioning, PLA can be effectively utilized to manufacture cost-efficient, autoclavable components suitable for medical use. These results reveal a promising and sustainable approach to producing reusable, sterilization-compatible PLA devices, particularly in low-volume or single-use applications where biodegradability is advantageous.</p>","PeriodicalId":15767,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Biomaterials","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12471281/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145149072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Propolis as a Natural Remedy in Reducing Dental Plaque and Gingival Inflammation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Magdalena Sycińska-Dziarnowska, Liliana Szyszka-Sommerfeld, Monika Bugajska, Magdalena Ziąbka, Izabela Szućko-Kociuba, Gianrico Spagnuolo, Krzysztof Woźniak, Hyo-Sang Park","doi":"10.3390/jfb16090336","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfb16090336","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dental plaque, if not regularly removed through proper oral hygiene, can lead to tooth decay, gingivitis, and more severe periodontal disease. Effective plaque removal is essential in preventing gingivitis, the precursor to periodontitis. Propolis, a bee product known for its antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, has shown potential in dental applications. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of propolis-containing mouthwashes and toothpastes in reducing dental plaque and gingival inflammation.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023467573), and the review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive search of PubMed, PubMed Central, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science was performed up to 10 May 2025 to identify randomized controlled trials and observational studies assessing propolis-based mouthwashes or toothpastes. Data synthesis used random-effects meta-analysis due to anticipated heterogeneity among studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seven randomized controlled trials were included in the meta-analysis, evaluating the efficacy of propolis alcohol-free mouthwash on plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI). For PI, the pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) was 1.74 (95% CI: 0.19-3.29; <i>p</i> = 0.036), with low between-study heterogeneity (I² = 13.7%). For GI, the pooled SMD was 2.19 (95% CI: 1.10-3.29; <i>p</i> = 0.005), with no observed heterogeneity (I² = 0.0%). Propolis mouthwashes demonstrated large effect sizes, significantly reducing plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation compared to baseline.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The evidence supports the potential of propolis-containing mouthwashes and toothpastes in managing dental plaque and gingival health. Propolis-based oral care products could be a valuable addition to preventive strategies in dental hygiene, offering an alternative for reducing dental plaque and gingival inflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":15767,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Biomaterials","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12470411/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145149092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Finite Element Analysis of Trabecular-Surfaced Implants and Implant Angulation in Different Mandibular Arch Forms.","authors":"Ahmet İlter Atay, Bahattin Alper Gültekin, Serdar Yalçın","doi":"10.3390/jfb16090333","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfb16090333","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Finite element analysis is commonly used to evaluate implant biomechanics, yet limited data exist on arch form and trabecular-surfaced implants. This study aimed to investigate the biomechanical impact of a designed trabecular surface compared with a standard implant surface in full-arch, four-implant-supported restorations, using two mandibular arch forms and four placement configurations. Finite element analyses were conducted under a 250-N oblique load applied at 30° to the posterior segment. The prosthesis was modeled as a titanium-acrylic hybrid structure. Stress distribution was evaluated in cortical and cancellous bones, implants, and prosthetic frameworks. Implants with a trabecular surface demonstrated lower stress concentrations in both bone and implant structures. The von Mises stress at the neck of the posterior implant decreased from 383.3 MPa (standard implant, hyperbolic arch, configuration 1) to 194.9 MPa (trabecular-surfaced implant, U-shaped arch, configuration 4). Similarly, the average maximum principal tensile stress in cortical bone reduced from 44.32 to 40.99 MPa with the trabecular design. Among placement strategies, Configuration 3 (all implants tilted distally) yielded the highest bone stress, whereas Configurations 2 and 4 provided more favorable load distribution. Stress concentrations were also higher in hyperbolic arches, whereas U-shaped arches exhibited a more uniform distribution. These findings emphasized the biomechanical advantage of the designed trabecular surface in reducing stress across bone and implant components, indicating that trabecular titanium may represent a more reliable and cost-effective alternative for clinical applications, potentially enhancing long-term stability. Independently, the arch form and placement strategy also significantly influenced load distribution. Despite assumptions such as isotropic, homogeneous, and linearly elastic material properties, and the use of a single oblique loading condition, this study offers valuable biomechanical insights such as the stress-reducing effect of the trabecular surface, the influence of three-dimensional arch anatomy on stress concentration sites, and the necessity of selecting implant configurations according to arch forms, which may inform future full-arch implant rehabilitations.</p>","PeriodicalId":15767,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Biomaterials","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12471086/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145149375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micro- and Nanoplastics and the Oral Cavity: Implications for Oral and Systemic Health, Dental Practice, and the Environment-A Narrative Review.","authors":"Federica Di Spirito, Veronica Folliero, Maria Pia Di Palo, Giuseppina De Benedetto, Leonardo Aulisio, Stefano Martina, Luca Rinaldi, Gianluigi Franci","doi":"10.3390/jfb16090332","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfb16090332","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) have emerged as increasing environmental and public health concerns. Dentistry contributes to this exposure through polymer-based materials and personal oral care products. This review summarizes the current evidence on the sources, release mechanisms, physicochemical properties, and toxicological and biological effects of MNPs derived from dental sources and oral care products, as well as the synergistic effects of MNP oral exposure with environmental exposure.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An electronic search was performed across the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases to identify studies investigating the source, release mechanisms, physico/chemical properties, and toxicological/biological impact of MNPs related to dental materials, oral care products, and the synergic effects of MNPs oral and environmental exposure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MNPs are released in the dental setting from resin-based composites, clear aligners, and prosthetic and impression materials through degradation, wear, and handling processes. Home-use products like toothpastes, toothbrushes, floss, and mouthwashes contribute to chronic oral exposure. Evidence from in vitro, in vivo, and human biomonitoring studies supports the biological activity and systemic distribution of MNPs. Despite this, clinical awareness remains limited, and regulatory oversight insufficient.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Dentistry is both a source and vector of MNP exposure. Encouraging the use of safer, MNP-free materials, and raising awareness among dental professionals, may support more responsible and health-conscious practices. Further research and alignment with global policy strategies could help guide future innovation and risk mitigation in the dental field.</p>","PeriodicalId":15767,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Biomaterials","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12470694/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145149340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polydatin Modulates Inflammatory Cytokine Expression in Lipoteichoic Acid-Stimulated Human Dental-Pulp Stem Cells.","authors":"Rawan Al-Ateeq, Mona Elsafadi, Manikandan Muthurangan, Solaiman Al-Hadlaq","doi":"10.3390/jfb16090331","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfb16090331","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gram-positive bacteria are responsible for initiating dental caries. In this process, lipoteichoic acid (LTA), which is expressed on Gram-positive bacteria cell walls, binds to the dental pulp cells, triggering an immune response, followed by inflammation and eventually pulp necrosis. Polydatin is a polyphenolic compound that has been shown to modulate inflammatory mediators in a manner favorable to healing. The purpose of this study was to assess levels of expression of the most prevalent cytokines in the inflamed pulp after polydatin treatment of LTA-stimulated human dental-pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). LTA-stimulated hDPSCs were treated with polydatin in three different concentrations (0.01 µM, 0.1 µM, and 1 µM). Interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels were measured using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were quantified. Treatment with all concentrations of polydatin significantly decreased IL-6 and TNF-α levels as evaluated by ELISA and RT-qPCR, respectively. In addition, a significant reduction was observed in IL-8 levels of mRNA and in ELISA, with 0.01 µM and with 1 µM of polydatin in RT-qPCR. On the other hand, IL-10 levels increased with all of the concentrations. In conclusion, polydatin treatment of LTA-stimulated hDPSCs modulated inflammatory cytokine production by suppressing IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α levels while elevating IL-10 levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":15767,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Biomaterials","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12470319/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145149104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fracture Resistance of 3-Unit Zirconia Fixed Dental Prostheses Differing in Wall Thickness Fabricated by Either 3D-Printing or Milling.","authors":"Stefan Rues, Jannis Crocoll, Sebastian Hetzler, Johannes Rossipal, Peter Rammelsberg, Andreas Zenthöfer","doi":"10.3390/jfb16090330","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfb16090330","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To evaluate the fracture resistance of 3D-printed 3-unit fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) made from tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (3Y-TZP).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Based on a maxillary typodont model with a missing first molar and neighboring teeth with full crown preparations, FDPs differing in wall thickness (d = 0.6 mm / d = 0.8 mm / d = 1.0 mm) were designed. For all test groups, 12 samples were fabricated from 3Y-TZP by either 3D-printing or milling. For 3D-printing, pontic designs were modified by basal slots to enable regular firing times. After luting on CoCr dies, samples underwent artificial aging. Loads tilted by 30° were applied on the mesio-buccal cusp of the pontic, and fracture resistance F_u was assessed. Welch ANOVA and Dunnett-T3 tests were used for statistical evaluation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant differences in F_u were identified (Welch ANOVA, <i>p</i> < 0.001). For milled FDPs, fracture originated from connector areas, and F_u increased with increasing wall thickness (d = 0.6 mm: 1536 ± 131 N, d = 0.8 mm: 2226 ± 145 N, d = 1.0 mm: 2686 ± 127 N, significant differences but for the comparison d = 0.8 mm vs. d = 1.0 mm). For 3D-printed FDPs, the loaded cusp fractured, and F_u did not change with FDP wall thicknesses (<i>p</i> > 0.779, F_u = 1110 ± 26 N for all PZ FDPs). Milled FDPs showed significantly higher F_u when compared to 3D-printed FDPs with identical wall thickness.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although 3D-printed zirconia FDPs still show lower fracture resistance values than their milled counterparts, all tested FDP configurations clearly exceed the clinical reference thresholds and can therefore be recommended for clinical use.</p>","PeriodicalId":15767,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Biomaterials","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12470422/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145149335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of the Effects of Acidic and Alkaline Beverages on the Optical Properties, Surface Topography, and Bacterial Activity of Zirconia Materials.","authors":"Nasser M Alahmari","doi":"10.3390/jfb16090329","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfb16090329","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to evaluate how acidic and alkaline staining solutions affect the optical properties (mean color change, ΔE*), geometric characteristics (surface roughness, Ra), and bacterial adhesion of zirconia Ceramill Zolid PS computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacture (CAD/CAM) material after 21 days of immersion. Ninety-six zirconia CAD/CAM Ceramill Zolid multilayer PS specimens were prepared and allocated to eight groups based on the pH values of the immersion solutions; the acidic solutions included Mirinda Citrus, CodeRed, yerba mate tea, Saudi coffee, and Nescafe (A-E), and the alkaline solutions included artificial saliva, DZRT (tobacco-free nicotine pouches), and smokeless tobacco (F-H). The specimens were immersed for 21 days at 37 °C, with the solutions replaced every 12 h to ensure consistency. Color changes were measured using a VITA Easyshade V spectrophotometer, and Ra was evaluated via white-light interferometric microscopy. The bacterial adhesion of <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> was quantified by counting colony-forming units (CFUs, CFU/mm²). Statistical analyses included the Shapiro-Wilk test for normality, one-way ANOVA with Tukey's HSD post hoc test for group comparisons, and paired t-tests, with significance set at <0.05. The recorded pH values of the staining materials ranged from acidic (Mirinda Citrus: 3.23) to alkaline (smokeless tobacco: 8.54). Smokeless tobacco caused the most unacceptable mean color change (ΔE* = 6.84), followed by DZRT (ΔE* = 6.46), whereas artificial saliva produced the least discoloration (ΔE* = 2.15), with statistically significant differences among the solutions (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The Ra measurements varied significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.001), with Nescafe demonstrating the lowest value (0.486 µm) and DZRT the highest (0.748 µm). <i>S. mutans</i> adhesion was the highest for CodeRed (546.75 CFU) and the lowest for smokeless tobacco (283.92 CFU), demonstrating significant variation across groups (ANOVA, <i>p</i> < 0.001). The acidic and alkaline solutions significantly altered the optical properties, Ra, and bacterial adhesion of zirconia Ceramill Zolid PS CAD/CAM, with acidic solutions leading to higher bacterial adhesion.</p>","PeriodicalId":15767,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Biomaterials","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12471201/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145149333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Advances in 3D Bioprinting of Porous Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering: A Narrative and Critical Review.","authors":"David Picado-Tejero, Laura Mendoza-Cerezo, Jesús M Rodríguez-Rego, Juan P Carrasco-Amador, Alfonso C Marcos-Romero","doi":"10.3390/jfb16090328","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfb16090328","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>3D bioprinting has emerged as a key tool in tissue engineering by facilitating the creation of customized scaffolds with properties tailored to specific needs. Among the design parameters, porosity stands out as a determining factor, as it directly influences critical mechanical and biological properties such as nutrient diffusion, cell adhesion and structural integrity. This review comprehensively analyses the state of the art in scaffold design, emphasizing how porosity-related parameters such as pore size, geometry, distribution and interconnectivity affect cellular behavior and mechanical performance. It also addresses advances in manufacturing methods, such as additive manufacturing and computer-aided design (CAD), which allow the development of scaffolds with hierarchical structures and controlled porosity. In addition, the use of computational modelling, in particular finite element analysis (FEA), as an essential predictive tool to optimize the design of scaffolds under physiological conditions is highlighted. This narrative review analyzed 112 core articles retrieved primarily from Scopus (2014-2025) to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date synthesis. Despite recent progress, significant challenges persist, including the lack of standardized methodologies for characterizing and comparing porosity parameters across different studies. This review identifies these gaps and suggests future research directions, such as the development of unified characterization and classification systems and the enhancement of nanoscale resolution in bioprinting technologies. By integrating structural design with biological functionality, this review underscores the transformative potential of porosity research applied to 3D bioprinting, positioning it as a key strategy to meet current clinical needs in tissue engineering.</p>","PeriodicalId":15767,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Biomaterials","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12470888/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145149076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing Scaffold Architecture for Bone Tissue Engineering: A Comparative Study of 3D-Printed β-TCP Constructs in Dynamic Culture with pBMSC.","authors":"Yannick M Sillmann, Ana M P Baggio, Pascal Eber, Benjamin R Freedman, Cynthia Liu, Youssef Jounaidi, Alexander Schramm, Frank Wilde, Fernando P S Guastaldi","doi":"10.3390/jfb16090327","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfb16090327","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Scaffold architecture is a key determinant of cell behavior and tissue regeneration in bone tissue engineering, yet the influence of pore size under dynamic culture conditions remains incompletely understood. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of scaffold pore size on osteogenic differentiation of porcine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (pBMSCs) cultured in a rotational oxygen-permeable bioreactor system (ROBS). Three-dimensionally (3D) printed beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffolds with pore sizes of 500 µm and 1000 µm were seeded with pBMSC and cultured for 7 and 14 days under dynamic perfusion conditions. Gene expression analysis revealed significantly higher levels of osteogenic markers (Runx2, BMP-2, ALP, Osx, Col1A1) in the 1000 µm group, particularly at the early time point, with the later-stage marker Osteocalcin (Ocl) rising faster and higher in the 1000 µm group, after a lower expression at 7 days. ALP activity assays corroborated these findings. Despite having lower mechanical strength, the 1000 µm scaffolds supported a homogeneous cell distribution and high viability across all regions. These results suggest that larger pore sizes enhance early osteogenic commitment by improving nutrient transport and fluid flow in dynamic culture. These findings also support the use of larger-pore scaffolds in bioreactor-based preconditioning strategies and underscore the clinical importance of promoting early osteogenic differentiation to reduce in vitro culture time, an essential consideration for the timely preparation of implantable grafts in bone tissue engineering.</p>","PeriodicalId":15767,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Biomaterials","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12470323/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145149102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salivary Fistula as a Complication After the ORIF of a Mandibular Condylar Process Fracture: A Single-Centre Retrospective Study.","authors":"Paulina Agier, Marcin Kozakiewicz, Piotr Szymor","doi":"10.3390/jfb16090326","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfb16090326","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Surgical management of condylar process fractures is associated with postoperative complications, the most common being transient facial nerve palsy. Less frequent but noteworthy is the development of salivary fistulas, which, although rare, constitute a clinically relevant condition. This research aimed to investigate factors impacting salivary fistula formation and treatment in patients surgically treated for mandibular condylar process fracture. This study included 395 patients who underwent open rigid internal fixation (ORIF). Salivary fistula occurred in 5.8% of those treated. Multiple factors were assessed as potential contributors to post-operative fistula formation, but only gender demonstrated a statistically significant association as an independent risk factor (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The longer the surgical procedure, the sooner a fistula will appear in the postoperative follow-up period. Moderately elevated white blood cell and C-reactive protein levels were associated with faster resolution of salivary fistula. Treatment duration was longer for patients with a low body mass index. The most effective treatment method was disinfecting the fistula, applying a pressure dressing, and adhering to a tasteless diet (<i>p</i> < 0.05); both chemical cauterization and plastic surgery proved to be less effective. When a fistula occurs, it can be successfully resolved in a relatively short period of time (median 10 days); in most cases, conservative methods are sufficient. As this is a pioneering study, further research is necessary to validate the results.</p>","PeriodicalId":15767,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Biomaterials","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12470897/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145149132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}