{"title":"Terez Shea-Donohue: Optimism helps, and confidence in your work is critical.","authors":"Montserrat Cols","doi":"10.1084/jem.20241693","DOIUrl":"10.1084/jem.20241693","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Terez Shea-Donohue is the program director of the Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition at the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases of the National Institutes of Health. As a program director, Terez supports basic and translational research related to neurogastroenterology, gastrointestinal (GI), and GI epithelial barrier function. We spoke to Terez about the transition from active research to a predominantly administrative job, the need for life-long mentorship, and the continued sex/gender bias in health care.</p>","PeriodicalId":15760,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11465075/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142391018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lilou Germain, Pablo Veloso, Olivier Lantz, François Legoux
{"title":"MAIT cells: Conserved watchers on the wall.","authors":"Lilou Germain, Pablo Veloso, Olivier Lantz, François Legoux","doi":"10.1084/jem.20232298","DOIUrl":"10.1084/jem.20232298","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>MAIT cells are innate-like T cells residing in barrier tissues such as the lung, skin, and intestine. Both the semi-invariant T cell receptor of MAIT cells and the restricting element MR1 are deeply conserved across mammals, indicating non-redundant functions linked to antigenic specificity. MAIT cells across species concomitantly express cytotoxicity and tissue-repair genes, suggesting versatile functions. Accordingly, MAIT cells contribute to antibacterial responses as well as to the repair of damaged barrier tissues. MAIT cells recognize riboflavin biosynthetic pathway-derived metabolites, which rapidly cross epithelial barriers to be presented by antigen-presenting cells. Changes in gut ecology during intestinal inflammation drive the expansion of strong riboflavin and MAIT ligand producers. Thus, MAIT cells may enable real-time surveillance of microbiota dysbiosis across intact epithelia and provide rapid and context-dependent responses. Here, we discuss recent findings regarding the origin and regulation of MAIT ligands and the role of MAIT cells in barrier tissues. We speculate on the potential reasons for MAIT cell conservation during evolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":15760,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11514058/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142501659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Martijn J Schuijs, Claudia M Brenis Gomez, Fabian Bick, Justine Van Moorleghem, Manon Vanheerswynghels, Geert van Loo, Rudi Beyaert, David Voehringer, Richard M Locksley, Hamida Hammad, Bart N Lambrecht
{"title":"Interleukin-33-activated basophils promote asthma by regulating Th2 cell entry into lung tissue.","authors":"Martijn J Schuijs, Claudia M Brenis Gomez, Fabian Bick, Justine Van Moorleghem, Manon Vanheerswynghels, Geert van Loo, Rudi Beyaert, David Voehringer, Richard M Locksley, Hamida Hammad, Bart N Lambrecht","doi":"10.1084/jem.20240103","DOIUrl":"10.1084/jem.20240103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Asthma is characterized by lung eosinophilia, remodeling, and mucus plugging, controlled by adaptive Th2 effector cells secreting IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13. Inhaled house dust mite (HDM) causes the release of barrier epithelial cytokines that activate various innate immune cells like DCs and basophils that can promote Th2 adaptive immunity directly or indirectly. Here, we show that basophils play a crucial role in the development of type 2 immunity and eosinophilic inflammation, mucus production, and bronchial hyperreactivity in response to HDM inhalation in C57Bl/6 mice. Interestingly, conditional depletion of basophils during sensitization did not reduce Th2 priming or asthma inception, whereas depletion during allergen challenge did. During the challenge of sensitized mice, basophil-intrinsic IL-33/ST2 signaling, and not FcεRI engagement, promoted basophil IL-4 production and subsequent Th2 cell recruitment to the lungs via vascular integrin expression. Basophil-intrinsic loss of the ubiquitin modifying molecule Tnfaip3, involved in dampening IL-33 signaling, enhanced key asthma features. Thus, IL-33-activated basophils are gatekeepers that boost allergic airway inflammation by controlling Th2 tissue entry.</p>","PeriodicalId":15760,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11413418/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142288979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hexin Shi, Dawson Medler, Jianhui Wang, Rachel Browning, Aijie Liu, Sara Schneider, Claudia Duran Bojorquez, Ashwani Kumar, Xiaohong Li, Jiexia Quan, Sara Ludwig, James J Moresco, Chao Xing, Eva Marie Y Moresco, Bruce Beutler
{"title":"Suppression of melanoma by mice lacking MHC-II: Mechanisms and implications for cancer immunotherapy.","authors":"Hexin Shi, Dawson Medler, Jianhui Wang, Rachel Browning, Aijie Liu, Sara Schneider, Claudia Duran Bojorquez, Ashwani Kumar, Xiaohong Li, Jiexia Quan, Sara Ludwig, James J Moresco, Chao Xing, Eva Marie Y Moresco, Bruce Beutler","doi":"10.1084/jem.20240797","DOIUrl":"10.1084/jem.20240797","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immune checkpoint inhibitors interfere with T cell exhaustion but often fail to cure or control cancer long-term in patients. Using a genetic screen in C57BL/6J mice, we discovered a mutation in host H2-Aa that caused strong immune-mediated resistance to mouse melanomas. H2-Aa encodes an MHC class II α chain, and its absence in C57BL/6J mice eliminates all MHC-II expression. H2-Aa deficiency, specifically in dendritic cells (DC), led to a quantitative increase in type 2 conventional DC (cDC2) and a decrease in cDC1. H2-Aa-deficient cDC2, but not cDC1, were essential for melanoma suppression and effectively cross-primed and recruited CD8 T cells into tumors. Lack of T regulatory cells, also observed in H2-Aa deficiency, contributed to melanoma suppression. Acute disruption of H2-Aa was therapeutic in melanoma-bearing mice, particularly when combined with checkpoint inhibition, which had no therapeutic effect by itself. Our findings suggest that inhibiting MHC-II may be an effective immunotherapeutic approach to enhance immune responses to cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":15760,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11528124/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142521984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adrian Gervais, Paul Bastard, Lucy Bizien, Céline Delifer, Pierre Tiberghien, Chaturaka Rodrigo, Francesca Trespidi, Micol Angelini, Giada Rossini, Tiziana Lazzarotto, Francesca Conti, Irene Cassaniti, Fausto Baldanti, Francesca Rovida, Alessandro Ferrari, Davide Mileto, Alessandro Mancon, Laurent Abel, Anne Puel, Aurélie Cobat, Charles M Rice, Dániel Cadar, Jonas Schmidt-Chanasit, Johannes F Scheid, Jacob E Lemieux, Eric S Rosenberg, Marianna Agudelo, Stuart G Tangye, Alessandro Borghesi, Guillaume André Durand, Emilie Duburcq-Gury, Braulio M Valencia, Andrew R Lloyd, Anna Nagy, Margaret M MacDonald, Yannick Simonin, Shen-Ying Zhang, Jean-Laurent Casanova
{"title":"Auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs in patients with severe Powassan, Usutu, or Ross River virus disease.","authors":"Adrian Gervais, Paul Bastard, Lucy Bizien, Céline Delifer, Pierre Tiberghien, Chaturaka Rodrigo, Francesca Trespidi, Micol Angelini, Giada Rossini, Tiziana Lazzarotto, Francesca Conti, Irene Cassaniti, Fausto Baldanti, Francesca Rovida, Alessandro Ferrari, Davide Mileto, Alessandro Mancon, Laurent Abel, Anne Puel, Aurélie Cobat, Charles M Rice, Dániel Cadar, Jonas Schmidt-Chanasit, Johannes F Scheid, Jacob E Lemieux, Eric S Rosenberg, Marianna Agudelo, Stuart G Tangye, Alessandro Borghesi, Guillaume André Durand, Emilie Duburcq-Gury, Braulio M Valencia, Andrew R Lloyd, Anna Nagy, Margaret M MacDonald, Yannick Simonin, Shen-Ying Zhang, Jean-Laurent Casanova","doi":"10.1084/jem.20240942","DOIUrl":"10.1084/jem.20240942","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Arboviral diseases are a growing global health concern. Pre-existing autoantibodies (auto-Abs) neutralizing type I interferons (IFNs) can underlie encephalitis due to West Nile virus (WNV) (∼40% of patients) and tick-borne encephalitis (TBE, due to TBE virus [TBEV]) (∼10%). We report here that these auto-Abs can also underlie severe forms of rarer arboviral infections. Auto-Abs neutralizing high concentrations of IFN-α2, IFN-β, and/or IFN-ω are present in the single case of severe Powassan virus (POWV) encephalitis studied, two of three cases of severe Usutu virus (USUV) infection studied, and the most severe of 24 cases of Ross River virus (RRV) disease studied. These auto-Abs are not found in any of the 137 individuals with silent or mild infections with these three viruses. Thus, auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs underlie an increasing list of severe arboviral diseases due to Flaviviridae (WNV, TBEV, POWV, USUV) or Togaviridae (RRV) viruses transmitted to humans by mosquitos (WNV, USUV, RRV) or ticks (TBEV, POWV).</p>","PeriodicalId":15760,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11533500/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142558021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Basophils: Regulators of lung inflammation over space and time.","authors":"Régis Joulia, Clare M Lloyd","doi":"10.1084/jem.20241663","DOIUrl":"10.1084/jem.20241663","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this issue of JEM, Schuijs et al. (https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20240103) highlight a novel role for basophils during allergic immune responses to house dust mites (HDM). They reveal that interleukin-33 (IL-33)-activated basophils facilitate the recruitment and extravasation of Th2 cells into the lungs during a specific time frame via their interactions with pulmonary endothelial cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":15760,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11519372/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142501658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhen Chen, Karin A Vallega, Dongsheng Wang, Zihan Quan, Songqing Fan, Qiming Wang, Ticiana Leal, Suresh S Ramalingam, Shi-Yong Sun
{"title":"Inhibition of hTERT/telomerase/telomere mediates therapeutic efficacy of osimertinib in EGFR mutant lung cancer.","authors":"Zhen Chen, Karin A Vallega, Dongsheng Wang, Zihan Quan, Songqing Fan, Qiming Wang, Ticiana Leal, Suresh S Ramalingam, Shi-Yong Sun","doi":"10.1084/jem.20240435","DOIUrl":"10.1084/jem.20240435","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The inevitable acquired resistance to osimertinib (AZD9291), an FDA-approved third-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) for the treatment of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring EGFR activating or T790M resistant mutations, limits its long-term clinical benefit. Telomere maintenance via telomerase reactivation is linked to uncontrolled cell growth and is a cancer hallmark and an attractive cancer therapeutic target. Our effort toward understanding the action mechanisms, including resistance mechanisms, of osimertinib has led to the identification of a novel and critical role in maintaining c-Myc-dependent downregulation of hTERT, a catalytic subunit of telomerase, and subsequent inhibition of telomerase/telomere and induction of telomere dysfunction in mediating therapeutic efficacy of osimertinib. Consequently, osimertinib combined with the telomere inhibitor, 6-Thio-dG, which is currently tested in a phase II trial, effectively inhibited the growth of osimertinib-resistant tumors, regressed EGFRm NSCLC patient-derived xenografts, and delayed the emergence of acquired resistance to osimertinib, warranting clinical validation of this strategy to manage osimertinib acquired resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":15760,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11413468/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142288976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liat Stoler-Barak, Dominik Schmiedel, Avital Sarusi-Portuguez, Adi Rogel, Ronnie Blecher-Gonen, Zhana Haimon, Tomas Stopka, Ziv Shulman
{"title":"SMARCA5-mediated chromatin remodeling is required for germinal center formation.","authors":"Liat Stoler-Barak, Dominik Schmiedel, Avital Sarusi-Portuguez, Adi Rogel, Ronnie Blecher-Gonen, Zhana Haimon, Tomas Stopka, Ziv Shulman","doi":"10.1084/jem.20240433","DOIUrl":"10.1084/jem.20240433","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The establishment of long-lasting immunity against pathogens is facilitated by the germinal center (GC) reaction, during which B cells increase their antibody affinity and differentiate into antibody-secreting cells (ASC) and memory cells. These events involve modifications in chromatin packaging that orchestrate the profound restructuring of gene expression networks that determine cell fate. While several chromatin remodelers were implicated in lymphocyte functions, less is known about SMARCA5. Here, using ribosomal pull-down for analyzing translated genes in GC B cells, coupled with functional experiments in mice, we identified SMARCA5 as a key chromatin remodeler in B cells. While the naive B cell compartment remained unaffected following conditional depletion of Smarca5, effective proliferation during B cell activation, immunoglobulin class switching, and as a result GC formation and ASC differentiation were impaired. Single-cell multiomic sequencing analyses revealed that SMARCA5 is crucial for facilitating the transcriptional modifications and genomic accessibility of genes that support B cell activation and differentiation. These findings offer novel insights into the functions of SMARCA5, which can be targeted in various human pathologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":15760,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11413417/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142288977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maki Niihori, Joel James, Mathews V Varghese, Nolan McClain, Odunayo Susan Lawal, Rohit C Philip, Brenda K Baggett, Dmitry A Goncharov, Vinicio de Jesus Perez, Elena A Goncharova, Ruslan Rafikov, Olga Rafikova
{"title":"Mitochondria as a primary determinant of angiogenic modality in pulmonary arterial hypertension.","authors":"Maki Niihori, Joel James, Mathews V Varghese, Nolan McClain, Odunayo Susan Lawal, Rohit C Philip, Brenda K Baggett, Dmitry A Goncharov, Vinicio de Jesus Perez, Elena A Goncharova, Ruslan Rafikov, Olga Rafikova","doi":"10.1084/jem.20231568","DOIUrl":"10.1084/jem.20231568","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Impaired pulmonary angiogenesis plays a pivotal role in the progression of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and patient mortality, yet the molecular mechanisms driving this process remain enigmatic. Our study uncovered a striking connection between mitochondrial dysfunction (MD), caused by a humanized mutation in the NFU1 gene, and severely disrupted pulmonary angiogenesis in adult lungs. Restoring the bioavailability of the NFU1 downstream target, lipoic acid (LA), alleviated MD and angiogenic deficiency and rescued the progressive PAH phenotype in the NFU1G206C model. Notably, significant NFU1 expression and signaling insufficiencies were also identified in idiopathic PAH (iPAH) patients' lungs, emphasizing this study's relevance beyond NFU1 mutation cases. The remarkable improvement in mitochondrial function of PAH patient-derived pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs) following LA supplementation introduces LA as a potential therapeutic approach. In conclusion, this study unveils a novel role for MD in dysregulated pulmonary angiogenesis and PAH manifestation, emphasizing the need to correct MD in PAH patients with unrecognized NFU1/LA deficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":15760,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11452743/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142347958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hanson Tam, Ying Xu, Jinping An, Torsten Schöneberg, Angela Schulz, Jagan R Muppidi, Jason G Cyster
{"title":"Phosphatidylserine phospholipase A1 enables GPR34-dependent immune cell accumulation in the peritoneal cavity.","authors":"Hanson Tam, Ying Xu, Jinping An, Torsten Schöneberg, Angela Schulz, Jagan R Muppidi, Jason G Cyster","doi":"10.1084/jem.20240992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20240992","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The peritoneal cavity (PerC) is an important site for immune responses to infection and cancer metastasis. Yet few ligand-receptor axes are known to preferentially govern immune cell accumulation in this compartment. GPR34 is a lysophosphatidylserine (lysoPS)-responsive receptor that frequently harbors gain-of-function mutations in mucosa-associated B cell lymphoma. Here, we set out to test the impact of a GPR34 knock-in (KI) allele in the B-lineage. We report that GPR34 KI promotes the PerC accumulation of plasma cells (PC) and memory B cells (MemB). These KI cells migrate robustly to lysoPS ex vivo, and the KI allele synergizes with a Bcl2 transgene to promote MemB but not PC accumulation. Gene expression and labeling studies reveal that GPR34 KI enhances PerC MemB proliferation. Both KI PC and MemB are specifically enriched at the omentum, a visceral adipose tissue containing fibroblasts that express the lysoPS-generating PLA1A enzyme. Adoptive transfer and chimera experiments revealed that KI PC and MemB maintenance in the PerC is dependent on stromal PLA1A. These findings provide in vivo evidence that PLA1A produces lysoPS that can regulate GPR34-mediated immune cell accumulation at the omentum.</p>","PeriodicalId":15760,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11488134/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142485925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}