Journal of forensic sciences最新文献_第7页

Fishing for the missing: The application of recreational fish finders for underwater body detection in shallow waters 寻人捕鱼：休闲寻鱼器在浅水区水下尸体探测中的应用。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2024-12-11 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15685

Britny A. Martlin MSc, Lynne S. Bell PhD

{"title":"Fishing for the missing: The application of recreational fish finders for underwater body detection in shallow waters","authors":"Britny A. Martlin MSc, Lynne S. Bell PhD","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.15685","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1556-4029.15685","url":null,"abstract":"Early detection of submerged bodies is essential to increase the possibility of recovery. Different water bodies present different challenges, particularly rivers and the ocean, where chances of detection are vastly reduced. Modern recreational fish finders incorporate multiple sonar technologies, including Sidescan sonar, at high-frequency resolutions, similar to commercial units. Recreational units are widely available and usually hull-mounted, allowing them to be utilized on almost any vessel in shallow and difficult to navigate environments. Recreational fish finders are currently an untapped resource which may assist search teams with the early detection and recovery of human remains submerged in shallow water (<20 m). This research investigated the efficacy of a modern recreational fish finder attached to a kayak to detect human proxies and living human volunteers submerged at shallow depths in (1) two indoor freshwater environments and (2) two outdoor environments (a freshwater lake and a nearshore coastal environment). Results demonstrated that recreational fish finders can detect human bodies submerged in both fresh and saltwater contexts at shallow depths within the water column and on the water bottom. Recreational units equipped with Sidescan sonar (800 kHz) provided the necessary resolution for underwater body detection at shallow depths. These sophisticated sensors are currently used by recreational boaters and anglers, and offer the opportunity to increase the eyes in the water not just by search and recovery teams, but by the public itself.","PeriodicalId":15743,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":"70 2","pages":"566-588"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142808908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Preliminary validation of Amped FIVE software for subject height estimation ampedfive软件用于受试者高度估计的初步验证。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2024-12-10 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15674

Reem Ibrahim MSc, Eugene Liscio PEng

{"title":"Preliminary validation of Amped FIVE software for subject height estimation","authors":"Reem Ibrahim MSc, Eugene Liscio PEng","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.15674","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1556-4029.15674","url":null,"abstract":"Single view metrology poses a persistent challenge in extracting accurate quantitative information from individual images or video frames within the realm of forensic video analysis. Methods such as reverse projection, projective geometry, and photogrammetry have been used in the past with success but require validation and understanding of the limitations of each method. This study aims to conduct a preliminary validation of the subject height estimation feature in Amped FIVE software, which relies on the principles of single view metrology. A group of 14 individuals assumed an upright posture at distances of 2.4 m, 5.4 m, and 10 m away from two security cameras with different resolutions 4k (3840 × 2160) and HD (1920 × 1080). Prior to recording, participants’ heights were measured but were not provided to the researcher in this study until after the analysis was completed. A height scale with clearly marked black and white graduations was used as a control. Height estimations were subsequently obtained using the Measure 3D tool in Amped FIVE software. On average, the overall error was found to be approximately ± 1.3 cm with a standard deviation of 0.9 cm. This study shows that Amped FIVE can provide accurate height estimates in a controlled environment. Future work should be done to test more difficult scenarios in less-than-ideal conditions.","PeriodicalId":15743,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":"70 2","pages":"728-741"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142804218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cross entropy and log likelihood ratio cost as performance measures for multi-conclusion categorical outcomes scales 交叉熵和对数似然比成本作为多结论分类结果量表的性能度量。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2024-12-10 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15686

Eric M. Warren PhD, John C. Handley PhD, H. David Sheets PhD

{"title":"Cross entropy and log likelihood ratio cost as performance measures for multi-conclusion categorical outcomes scales","authors":"Eric M. Warren PhD, John C. Handley PhD, H. David Sheets PhD","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.15686","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1556-4029.15686","url":null,"abstract":"The inconclusive category in forensics reporting is the appropriate response in many cases, but it poses challenges in estimating an “error rate”. We discuss the use of a class of information-theoretic measures related to cross entropy as an alternative set of metrics that allows for performance evaluation of results presented using multi-category reporting scales. This paper shows how this class of performance metrics, and in particular the log likelihood ratio cost, which is already in use with likelihood ratio forensic reporting methods and in machine learning communities, can be readily adapted for use with the widely used multiple category conclusions scales. Bayesian credible intervals on these metrics can be estimated using numerical methods. The application of these metrics to published test results is shown. It is demonstrated, using these test results, that reducing the number of categories used in a proficiency test from five or six to three increases the cross entropy, indicating that the higher number of categories was justified, as it they increased the level of agreement with ground truth.","PeriodicalId":15743,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":"70 2","pages":"589-606"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142804214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Twenty-eight days later: The recovery of DNA from human remains submerged in aggressive household chemicals 28天后：从浸泡在腐蚀性家用化学品中的人类遗体中提取DNA。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2024-12-10 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15682

Jennifer Snedeker BS, Rachel Houston PhD, Sheree Hughes PhD

{"title":"Twenty-eight days later: The recovery of DNA from human remains submerged in aggressive household chemicals","authors":"Jennifer Snedeker BS, Rachel Houston PhD, Sheree Hughes PhD","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.15682","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1556-4029.15682","url":null,"abstract":"Aggressive chemicals intended for cleaning pools or unclogging drains contain high concentrations of dangerous compounds, leading to their nefarious use in dissolving human remains in some criminal cases. The use of these readily accessible household cleaners to destroy human remains and hide evidence of a crime presents a considerable challenge for human identification. However, research on the success of recovering DNA from such remains is limited. Therefore, we investigated the effects of submerging partial human remains (including whole heads, forearms, and hands) in five different household products: bleach, Rid-X® septic treatment, lye drain opener, sulfuric acid drain opener, and muriatic acid (hydrochloric acid) pool cleaner. We evaluated the impact of each chemical, focusing on visual changes, DNA recovery, and the potential for successful human identification through traditional STR or mitochondrial DNA analyses. Exposure to all chemicals altered the appearance of the remains, but DNA recovery was still possible across various time periods, up to 28 days. Human remains exposed to bleach, Rid-X®, and lye produced full STR profiles after 4 weeks. Sulfuric acid shortened this time to 3 weeks, while hydrochloric acid, the most damaging chemical, limited full STR profile recovery to just the first 3 days of exposure. This study demonstrates that although differences in the rate of damage occur depending on the amount of tissue introduced, volume of chemical used, and the specific chemical of choice, DNA-based human identification of remains treated with everyday household cleaners is likely, particularly if bone fragments are recovered.","PeriodicalId":15743,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":"70 2","pages":"460-475"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142804168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prevalence of new psychoactive substances and drugs of abuse in the hair of individuals diagnosed with substance use disorder: Polydrug and emerging pattern of consumption 新精神活性物质和药物滥用在被诊断为物质使用障碍的个体的头发中的流行：多种药物和新出现的消费模式。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2024-12-10 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15683

Arianna Giorgetti MD, PhD, Susan Mohamed BSc, Filippo Pirani MD, PhD, Rossella Barone PhD, Marialuisa Grech MD, Paolo Fais MD, PhD, Jennifer Paola Pascali PhD, Guido Pelletti MD, PhD

{"title":"Prevalence of new psychoactive substances and drugs of abuse in the hair of individuals diagnosed with substance use disorder: Polydrug and emerging pattern of consumption","authors":"Arianna Giorgetti MD, PhD, Susan Mohamed BSc, Filippo Pirani MD, PhD, Rossella Barone PhD, Marialuisa Grech MD, Paolo Fais MD, PhD, Jennifer Paola Pascali PhD, Guido Pelletti MD, PhD","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.15683","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1556-4029.15683","url":null,"abstract":"People diagnosed with substance use disorder (SUD) might represent a high-risk subpopulation for New Psychoactive Drugs (NPS) consumption, and hair analysis offers a unique perspective to assess drug prevalence in this population. The present study aims to assess the prevalence of NPS and their co-consumption with traditional drugs of abuse (DoA) in individuals diagnosed with SUD. Hair samples from patients under care at the addiction treatment service of Bologna, Italy, for a diagnosed SUD, were collected during 2023 and analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS), using a previously validated method. Among the 88 patients included, 95.5% tested positive for at least one substance, of which 88.1% for traditional DoA only, and 11.9% for NPS in addition to DoA. Among the positive samples, patients were found positive for more than two drugs in 67.9% of cases. The combination of DoA and NPS was more frequent in the younger age group (<21–30 years old, compared to 31–70, p = 0.025). Ketamine was detected in 8.0% of all samples, with mean hair levels 49.68 pg/mg (ranging 8.55–81.90 pg/mg) and was frequently accompanied by cocaine (85.7% of cases). Fentanyl was detected in 3.4% of all samples, while, among NPS, buphedrone was the only one detected. Our retrospective study highlights that the consumption of NPS is relatively low compared to other vulnerable or high-risk populations. However, the prevalence of polydrug consumption and the high rate of ketamine–cocaine combination warrant careful monitoring even in this population.","PeriodicalId":15743,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":"70 2","pages":"639-648"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142804223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Venous aneurysm leading to fatal pulmonary thromboembolism with a history of a remote stab wound of the extremity 静脉动脉瘤导致致命的肺血栓栓塞与历史远端刺伤的四肢。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2024-12-06 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15687

Emily Helmrich DO, Erin Risotto-Urbanowicz MD, Pierce Massie MD, Ross Clark MD

{"title":"Venous aneurysm leading to fatal pulmonary thromboembolism with a history of a remote stab wound of the extremity","authors":"Emily Helmrich DO, Erin Risotto-Urbanowicz MD, Pierce Massie MD, Ross Clark MD","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.15687","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1556-4029.15687","url":null,"abstract":"Venous aneurysms are rare, and their incidence is unknown. External iliac vein aneurysms are even more rare with only 50 case reports published from 1950 to 2018. We present a case of an individual who died suddenly from a pulmonary thromboembolic event due to an external iliac vein aneurysm formed by a remote penetrating injury. A 32-year-old male was in Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) custody when he died suddenly. It was discovered during his autopsy that he had an occlusive pulmonary thromboembolism (PE) within the left main pulmonary artery and distal branches of the right pulmonary artery. On additional investigation and postmortem computed tomography, a large saccular aneurysm arising from the external iliac vein was discovered. This aneurysm contained clotted blood, and was determined to be the cause of his PE and subsequent death. Although rarely a source for a fatal PE, venous aneurysms should be considered as a possible source for thromboembolism; their presence may alter the manner of death, given their underlying etiology. This is especially true for young adults with a remote history of trauma near a major venous tributary, as traumatic arteriovenous fistula is a common cause of secondary venous aneurysm. For this case, the manner of death was classified as homicide.","PeriodicalId":15743,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":"70 2","pages":"800-803"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142788161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Generative-adversarial network for falsification of handwritten signatures 生成对抗网络伪造手写签名。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2024-12-04 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15680

Maciej Marcinowski-Prażmowski PhD

引用次数: 0

Report of forensically relevant insects collected from pig and rabbit remains during two forensic entomology workshops in Eastern Massachusetts 在马萨诸塞州东部两次法医昆虫学研讨会期间从猪和兔子遗骸中采集的法医相关昆虫报告。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2024-12-04 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15681

Samantha J. Sawyer PhD

{"title":"Report of forensically relevant insects collected from pig and rabbit remains during two forensic entomology workshops in Eastern Massachusetts","authors":"Samantha J. Sawyer PhD","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.15681","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1556-4029.15681","url":null,"abstract":"Forensic entomology relies on known geographic ranges and seasonal presence of forensically relevant insects. In the Northeastern United States, there is no information on species in the region in early spring. Two forensic entomology workshops took place in April of 2023 and 2024 in Milton, Massachusetts. During this workshop, practitioners were trained in the appropriate collection and storage techniques prior to a practical experience including the collection of insects from pig and rabbit remains. All insects collected were identified down to family or species level. Across both years, Phormia regina (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) was the fly consistently colonizing remains and was the oldest immature larvae in all instances. Calliphora vicina (Robineau-Desvoidy) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), Protophormia terraenovae (Robineau-Desvoidy) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), and Muscina stabulans (Fallén) (Diptera: Muscidae) were additional flies co-colonizing remains with P. regina. Other species were found as adults surrounding the remains that included other necrophagous fly species, beetles, and ants. Variation in insects collected between years likely due to high temperature variation. This documentation of species provides context to forensically related flies expected in Eastern Massachusetts and provides research directives in the region.","PeriodicalId":15743,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":"70 2","pages":"763-769"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142775928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Retraction: M. Ashton, N. Czado, M. Harrel, S. Hughes. “Genotyping strategies for tissues fixed with various embalming fluids for human identification, databasing, and traceability,” Journal of Forensic Sciences (Early View) https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.15414. 撤回：M. Ashton、N. Czado、M. Harrel、S. Hughes。"用各种防腐液固定组织的基因分型策略，用于人体识别、数据库和可追溯性"，《法医学杂志》（早期浏览）https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.15414。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2024-11-28 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15684

引用次数: 0

Survey on forensic DNA biology training in forensic science service laboratories in the United States 美国法医科学服务实验室法医DNA生物学培训调查。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2024-11-27 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15671

Kelly M. Elkins PhD, Shervonne Joseph BS, Cassandra Skrant MSFS

{"title":"Survey on forensic DNA biology training in forensic science service laboratories in the United States","authors":"Kelly M. Elkins PhD, Shervonne Joseph BS, Cassandra Skrant MSFS","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.15671","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1556-4029.15671","url":null,"abstract":"Training is an essential component of onboarding new hires in forensic science service provider (FSSP) laboratories. There are several DNA training standards published by the American Academy of Forensic Sciences (AAFS) Academy Standards Board (ASB) American National Standards Institute (ANSI) accredited framework. In this study, we conducted a survey of forensic DNA laboratory training programs to better understand training activities and materials. The survey was approved by the IRB and emailed to forensic laboratory directors, assistant directors, and/or DNA technical leaders and responses were submitted by them or their designees. Over thirty leaders and stakeholders responded. In this article, we report on the results of the survey. Respondents indicated that training activities included readings, writing assignments and quizzes, shadowing analysts, and mock casework and that training is documented and is a collaborative effort of the technical leader, unit supervisor, advanced forensic scientists, and other analysts and technicians. Laboratories assess competency using multiple methods including performance on mock casework, report writing, laboratory practical and competency tests, and a mock trial and testimony. The top three training activities reported are hands-on practice, shadowing, and readings. The top three focuses of the training are laboratory techniques (extraction, quantitation, amplification, and capillary electrophoresis), STR typing, and mixture analysis. Ethics violations and failure to pass the competency tests and mock trial, even after remediation, are the top reasons new hires fail training. Finally, the top items respondents would like to spend more time offering training on are troubleshooting, validation, and root cause analysis.","PeriodicalId":15743,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":"70 1","pages":"61-72"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142735452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0