Journal of forensic sciences最新文献_第8页

Half-volume validation of the NGM Detect™ PCR Amplification Kit and its application on degraded casework samples NGM Detect™ PCR 扩增试剂盒的半量验证及其在降解病例样本中的应用。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-19 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15570

Nóra M. Magonyi PhD, Bálint Megadja MD, Katalin A. Rádóczy MSc, Tamás Cseppentő MSc, Eszter É. Lőrincz MSc, Norbert G. Valis MSc, Norbert Mátrai PhD, Attila Heinrich PhD

{"title":"Half-volume validation of the NGM Detect™ PCR Amplification Kit and its application on degraded casework samples","authors":"Nóra M. Magonyi PhD, Bálint Megadja MD, Katalin A. Rádóczy MSc, Tamás Cseppentő MSc, Eszter É. Lőrincz MSc, Norbert G. Valis MSc, Norbert Mátrai PhD, Attila Heinrich PhD","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.15570","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1556-4029.15570","url":null,"abstract":"The NGM Detect™ PCR Amplification Kit was designed particularly for genotyping degraded casework samples. This study aimed to validate the half-volume amplification of the kit and to present its successful long-term application. The validation was performed in accordance to the corresponding guidelines of the Scientific Working Group on DNA analysis methods and the European Network of Forensic Science Institutes. For validation parameters, such as sensitivity, reproducibility, and repeatability, polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were set up both manually and robotically, applying 29 cycles. For PCRs with sub-optimal DNA input (≤0.5 ng) the cycle numbers were increased to 31. Regardless of the PCR preparation method, the optimal 0.5 ng DNA input produced optimal allelic peak heights with no allelic dropout. The first alleles that failed to amplify started to appear at the level of 0.0375 ng input DNA, although the manually prepared PCRs produced fewer missing alleles. In this case, the raised cycle number produced 1.9% and 4.4% of dropout for manually and for robotically set up PCRs, respectively. In the case of 84 degraded casework samples, PCRs were prepared only by hand. The kit was able to provide informative profiles for 78.57%, 70.37%, and 69.77% for lowly, moderately, and highly degraded samples, respectively. Allelic dropouts were 26.05%, 44.88%, and 51.23% for the same groups. According to our results, we strongly recommend using the NGM Detect™ Kit in half-volume PCR system and encourage the usage of the kit in the particular cases when other kits fail to produce a complete DNA profile.","PeriodicalId":15743,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141428580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Recognition/Appreciation of JFS Guest Reviewers—2023 表彰/感谢 JFS 客座评审员--2023 年

IF 1.5 4区医学

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-18 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15559

引用次数: 0

A review of the contributions of forensic archaeology and anthropology to the process of disaster victim identification 回顾法医考古学和人类学对灾难受害者身份鉴定过程的贡献。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-17 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15553

Ian Hanson PhD, James Fenn MA, MSc

{"title":"A review of the contributions of forensic archaeology and anthropology to the process of disaster victim identification","authors":"Ian Hanson PhD, James Fenn MA, MSc","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.15553","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1556-4029.15553","url":null,"abstract":"Forensic archaeology and anthropology have developed significantly over past decades and now provide considerable assistance to the investigation process of disaster victim recovery and identification. In what are often chaotic death and crime scenes, the formal process of utilizing archaeological methods can bring control, order, and ensure systematic search. Procedures assist in defining scene extent, locating victims and evidence, rule out areas for consideration, and provide standardized recording and quality assurance through dedicated use of standardized forms (pro formas). Combined archaeological and anthropological search methods maximize opportunities to recovery the missing through identifying remains, mapping distributions, and providing accounting of victims at the scene. Anthropological assistance in examinations contributes to individual assessment, resolving commingling and fragmentation issues, and utilizing DNA sampling methods and matching data to reassociate and account for the missing. Utilization of archaeology, anthropology, and DNA matching data provides scope to review crime scene recovery and determine requirements and potential for further survey and retrieval. Adopting the most suitable methods for a particular context can maximize recovery, efficiency, and resource use. Case studies demonstrate the utility of archaeological methods in a range of scenarios. They exemplify the success of multidisciplinary analysis in providing evidence of the sequence of events, the timing of events, the impact of taphonomic processes, the location and accounting of victims, and the demonstration of systematic scene search. The considerations provided in this article, utilizing archaeology and anthropology processes, may assist investigators in planning and implementing responses to mass fatalities.","PeriodicalId":15743,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1556-4029.15553","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141422213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Study on the methods of visualizing bloodstains after thermal exposure 研究热暴露后血迹的可视化方法。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-16 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15557

Junyi Di BE, Xinyu Yan ME, Peibin Wang BE, Zhengzhe Zang BE, Jing Jin PE, Jinzhuan Zhang ME

{"title":"Study on the methods of visualizing bloodstains after thermal exposure","authors":"Junyi Di BE, Xinyu Yan ME, Peibin Wang BE, Zhengzhe Zang BE, Jing Jin PE, Jinzhuan Zhang ME","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.15557","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1556-4029.15557","url":null,"abstract":"To establish the correlation between thermal conditions imposed on bloodstains and visualizing effect of enhancement techniques, infrared photography and four chemical enhancement reagents were used to visualize bloodstains following thermal exposure. A black tile was selected as the substrate to intensify the visualization challenge, with a Cone Calorimeter serving as the standardized heating source to control thermal conditions. Compared with standard photography, infrared photography is proven to be a valuable complement to chemical reagents, showing significant advantages in visualizing bloodstains after thermal exposure. However, it is worth noting that infrared image fell short of standard image when bloodstains displayed raised, embossed morphology or when bloodstains almost disappeared under specific conditions. The enhancement effectiveness was found to be strongly correlated with thermal conditions imposed on bloodstains, and the morphology evolution of bloodstains during heating affected the chemical enhancement effect additionally, especially when the bulge morphology was formed, and it was observed that reagents were more effective after removing the dense shell of the bulge. Among the four selected chemical enhancement reagents, fluorescein performed exceptionally well, maintaining its effectiveness even for bloodstains heated at 641°C for 10 min. TMB demonstrated its visualizing ability for bloodstains heated at 396°C for 5 min and heated at 310°C for 20 min. BLUESTAR® followed afterwards, while luminol performed worst. The correlation between thermal conditions imposed on bloodstains and the corresponding visualizing effectiveness of enhancement techniques provides important references for detecting bloodstains at fire scenes.","PeriodicalId":15743,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141332763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dissociation and the insanity defense: A review of U.S. Federal appellate case law 精神分裂与精神错乱辩护：美国联邦上诉判例法回顾。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-14 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15567

Haseeb Haroon MBBS

引用次数: 0

Could synovial fluid be a useful substrate for the forensic analysis of diatoms? 滑膜液能否成为硅藻法医分析的有用基质？

IF 1.5 4区医学

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-14 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15563

Stefano Tambuzzi MD, Guendalina Gentile BSc, Paolo Bailo MD, Riccardo Primavera MD, Salvatore Andreola MD, Riccardo Zoja MD, PhD

{"title":"Could synovial fluid be a useful substrate for the forensic analysis of diatoms?","authors":"Stefano Tambuzzi MD, Guendalina Gentile BSc, Paolo Bailo MD, Riccardo Primavera MD, Salvatore Andreola MD, Riccardo Zoja MD, PhD","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.15563","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1556-4029.15563","url":null,"abstract":"To date, synovial fluid has not been the subject of targeted analysis as a possible substrate to search for the presence of diatoms in the forensic context of drowning. However, its unique characteristics of production and isolation from the external environment could make it suitable for this purpose, similar to what has already been demonstrated in the literature for vitreous humor. By considering this, synovial fluid was analyzed in a specific case that came to our attention, where the coexisting signs of polytrauma and drowning were documented during autopsy, demonstrating a period of vitality during immersion. After a thin smear of the supernatant was obtained from the centrifugation of the synovial fluid sample, diatoms were successfully detected, consistent with those found in other organs and the water of the canal. The detection of diatoms in the synovial fluid was an objective finding, but its generalizability is limited because this was a pilot application. However, in cases where death by drowning is suspected and the body has multiple areas breached by trauma, the technique of analyzing diatoms in the synovial fluid could have great potential. Therefore, it is appropriate to further explore this technique in order to obtain more forensic evidence in such a setting.","PeriodicalId":15743,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141322204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prevalence of gunshot residue particles on back seats of police vehicles 警车后座上枪弹残留物颗粒的普遍性。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-11 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15560

Osnat Israelsohn Azulay PhD, Yigal Zidon PhD, Lital Malihi BSc, Hila Rosengarten MSc, Yaron Cohen MSc

引用次数: 0

Disaster victim identification: Stable isotope analysis and the identification of unknown decedents 灾民身份鉴定：稳定同位素分析和未知死者的鉴定。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-10 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15554

Lesley A. Chesson MS, Gregory E. Berg PhD, Mary Megyesi PhD

{"title":"Disaster victim identification: Stable isotope analysis and the identification of unknown decedents","authors":"Lesley A. Chesson MS, Gregory E. Berg PhD, Mary Megyesi PhD","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.15554","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1556-4029.15554","url":null,"abstract":"Within the complex world of disaster victim identification, or DVI, forensic science practitioners use a variety of investigative techniques to work toward a common goal: identification of the decedents, bringing closure to the affected communities. Identification is a complex undertaking; the event (disaster) also can be extraordinarily complex, as it may be an acute event, or one that spans months or years. Compounding this time issue, remains may be heavily fragmented, dispersed, commingled, or otherwise disrupted by either the perpetrators or the disaster itself. To help solve these complexities, we explore the use of stable isotope analysis (SIA) in DVI events. SIA can be used with a variety of body tissues (hair, nail, bone, and teeth), and each represents different time depths in a decedent's life. Bone collagen and tooth enamel carbonate are useful to reconstruct an individual's diet and source water intakes, respectively, leading to likely population or geographic origin determinations. Additionally, the carbon and nitrogen isotopic signatures of bone collagen have calculated intraperson ranges. These facts allow investigators to determine likely origin of remains using isotopic data and can be used to link skeletal elements (to an individual), or perhaps more importantly, show that remains are not linked. Application of SIA can thus speed remains identification by eliminating individuals from short lists for identification, linking or decoupling remains, and reducing the need for some DNA testing. These strategies and hypothesis tests should commence early in the DVI process to achieve maximum effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":15743,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141297672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rare case of multiple self-inflicted gunshot wounds to the chest in Poland 波兰罕见的胸部多处自残枪伤病例。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-09 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15555

Adrian Wrocławski JSD, Karol Karnecki MD, PhD, Michał Kaliszan MD, PhD, Tomasz Gos MD, PhD

引用次数: 0

Extending the discussion on inconsistency in forensic decisions and results 扩展关于法医决定和结果不一致的讨论。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-09 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15558

John Buckleton DSc, Jo-Anne Bright PhD, Duncan Taylor PhD, James Curran PhD, Tim Kalafut PhD

引用次数: 0