Journal of forensic sciences最新文献_第3页

Analysis of N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and its metabolites using LC–MS/MS for forensic purposes 法医用LC-MS/MS分析N，N-二甲基色胺（DMT）及其代谢产物。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-03-16 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70013

Munchelou M. Gomonit BS, Madeleine J. Swortwood PhD, Michael T. Truver PhD, Britni N. Skillman PhD

{"title":"Analysis of N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and its metabolites using LC–MS/MS for forensic purposes","authors":"Munchelou M. Gomonit BS, Madeleine J. Swortwood PhD, Michael T. Truver PhD, Britni N. Skillman PhD","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70013","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1556-4029.70013","url":null,"abstract":"Ayahuasca contains N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), the primary alkaloid responsible for its psychedelic effects. DMT oxidative deamination yields indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) as the predominant metabolite, while N-oxidation produces N,N-dimethyltryptamine-N-oxide (DMT-NO) as the second most abundant metabolite. An LC–MS/MS method was developed and validated to quantify DMT, IAA, and DMT-NO in human plasma, as well as DMT and DMT-NO in human urine. Protein precipitation using a 75:25 (v/v) acetonitrile:methanol yielded analyte recoveries ≥91% in both plasma and urine. Key parameters including matrix effects, linearity, bias, precision, stability, carryover, and dilution integrity met their respective acceptability criterion outlined by ANSI/ASB 036 recommendations. In plasma, the linear range was 0.5–500 ng/mL (DMT), 0.25–125 ng/mL (DMT-NO), and 240–6000 ng/mL (IAA), while the DMT and DMT-NO range in urine was 2.5–250 ng/mL. Bias was within ±17.5%, and precision was ≤6.4% in both plasma and urine. Analytes were free from exogenous/endogenous interferences, and carryover was negligible. Extracts were also stable in the autosampler compartment (4°C) for 48 hours. A proof-of-concept study was conducted using authentic paired peripheral blood and urine samples. Results showed higher concentrations of DMT and DMT-NO found in urine as compared to plasma, highlighting the rapid metabolism and clearance of DMT and its metabolites. This study proposes the utility of DMT and DMT-NO as direct and distinctive biomarkers for forensic determination of exogenous DMT consumption. While IAA is the predominant metabolite of DMT, IAA should not be relied upon as the sole biomarker due to its substantial endogenous presence in both plasma and urine.","PeriodicalId":15743,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":"70 3","pages":"1114-1124"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143639897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characterization and differentiation of aluminum powders used in improvised explosive devices—Part 3: Comparison of statistical analysis methods 简易爆炸装置用铝粉的特性和鉴别。第3部分：统计分析方法的比较

IF 1.5 4区医学

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-03-16 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70010

Danica M. Ommen PhD, Christopher P. Saunders PhD, JoAnn Buscaglia PhD

{"title":"Characterization and differentiation of aluminum powders used in improvised explosive devices—Part 3: Comparison of statistical analysis methods","authors":"Danica M. Ommen PhD, Christopher P. Saunders PhD, JoAnn Buscaglia PhD","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70010","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1556-4029.70010","url":null,"abstract":"Determining the extent to which sources of aluminum (Al) powders, often used as fuel in improvised explosive devices (IEDs), can be differentiated is important for forensic investigations and gathering intelligence. Previous work developed effective methods of characterizing Al powders using micromorphometric features of the Al particles and a multistage sampling approach. Since then, ~100 additional samples from Al powder sources representing five powder types used in IEDs and 33 product distributors have been added to the dataset. Using this large dataset, a study confirmed that 200 randomly selected fields of view (FOV) are needed to accurately characterize the powder. Three different statistical methods, each using a different method of summarizing the large volumes of data, are used: a modified Wasserstein distance score nearest neighbor classifier for the FOV means, an ASTM-style match interval for means of the FOV means, and a linear discriminant analysis for the means of means of means. Two of the methods classify each questioned subsample to an Al powder sample, whereas the ASTM-style method classifies questioned/known-source subsample pairs as matching or non-matching. All three classifiers show that Al powder sources can be discriminated, although samples of the same powder type or made of Al products from the same distributor are often confused. Analysis of Al powder samples from three casework IEDs shows they were likely made using Al powder from Al-containing paint products. These results are integral to closed-set classification of Al powders where the source of a questioned subsample is contained in the database.","PeriodicalId":15743,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":"70 3","pages":"995-1011"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143639901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Improved DNA recovery and STR profile development from weathered Bos taurus bones using demineralized bone slices 利用脱矿化骨片改善风化牛骨的DNA恢复和STR谱发展。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-03-16 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70023

Ciara Rhodes PhD, Reilly Price MS, Celeste Willetts BS, Jenise Swall PhD, Laura Gaydosh Combs PhD, Sarah Seashols-Williams PhD

{"title":"Improved DNA recovery and STR profile development from weathered Bos taurus bones using demineralized bone slices","authors":"Ciara Rhodes PhD, Reilly Price MS, Celeste Willetts BS, Jenise Swall PhD, Laura Gaydosh Combs PhD, Sarah Seashols-Williams PhD","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70023","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1556-4029.70023","url":null,"abstract":"Current processing techniques for harvesting DNA from osseous elements are destructive, and success rates vary widely. When skeletal elements are homogenized into a fine powder, endogenous DNA may be subjected to fragmentation, and the likelihood of introducing co-purified inhibitory substances to the sample increases. While a limited number of articles in the relevant literature have challenged the status quo of pulverization, powdering hard tissue samples before DNA isolation continues to be standard practice in the forensic and ancient DNA communities. In this work, we have developed and optimized an alternative front-end processing method for demineralizing and slicing cortical bone using aged and weathered bovine skeletal samples as a model for degraded human bone. Additionally, this study evaluated the enzymatic digestion of demineralized bone slices using collagenase I as a powder-free alternative for cell isolation. The efficacy of pulverization, demineralized slices, and collagenase-digested demineralized slices was assessed via DNA quantitation and STR profile data. The combined treatment incorporating collagenase digestion of demineralized slices did not improve the recovery of endogenous DNA yields or STR profile development; however, profiles developed from demineralized slices retained a significantly greater percentage of expected alleles and higher peak heights than samples processed with conventional powdering and organic chemistry extraction. By eliminating pulverization of bone and employing modified silica-based extraction chemistry, the susceptibility to inhibitory and competitive effects from native and foreign components often found in degraded skeletal remains can be minimized when utilizing total demineralization of small fragments with subsequent slicing before lysis.","PeriodicalId":15743,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":"70 3","pages":"954-963"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1556-4029.70023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143639903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of forensic blood substitute: Focusing on luminol reaction functionality 法医血液替代品的发展：以鲁米诺反应功能为重点。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70018

Sang-Yoon Lee PhD, Yeon-Soo Jo MS, Hwa-Seon Lim MS, Ki-Jong Rhee PhD

{"title":"Development of forensic blood substitute: Focusing on luminol reaction functionality","authors":"Sang-Yoon Lee PhD, Yeon-Soo Jo MS, Hwa-Seon Lim MS, Ki-Jong Rhee PhD","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70018","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1556-4029.70018","url":null,"abstract":"Bloodstain pattern analysis (BPA) is essential for reconstructing crime scenes using the shape and distribution of bloodstains. Luminol, which emits blue light in a chemiluminescent reaction with hemoglobin, is commonly used to detect latent blood. Artificial blood substitutes, designed for luminol reactivity or bloodstain pattern reproduction, are widely used in forensic experiments. These artificial blood substitutes, including synthetic and spatter blood, are commercialized with distinct functionalities: luminol reactivity and bloodstain pattern reproduction, respectively. This study introduces a new blood substitute that combines both functionalities. In this study, we verified the luminol reaction functionality of a newly developed forensic blood substitute, which also demonstrates bloodstain pattern reproduction capabilities. Additionally, we assessed its morphological features by analyzing the coordinate characteristics of the area of origin in impact spatter patterns. The visual inspection, without the use of supplementary equipment, revealed that there was no noticeable difference in the luminol fluorescence reaction between the developed blood substitute and the four types of commercial synthetic blood. Furthermore, the developed blood substitute exhibited the smallest standard deviation, confirming it to be the most homogeneous and stable artificial blood substitute. Morphological analysis revealed that the new substitute closely mimics human blood, particularly in z-axis coordinates. These findings establish the substitute as a versatile tool for forensic analysis, enhancing both luminol detection and bloodstain pattern reproduction.","PeriodicalId":15743,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":"70 3","pages":"1157-1164"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1556-4029.70018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143627137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Applicability, reliability, and accuracy of age-at-death estimation methods on a contemporary Italian population 死亡年龄估算方法在当代意大利人口中的适用性、可靠性和准确性。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70011

Paolo Morandini, Lucie Biehler-Gomez, Cristina Cattaneo

{"title":"Applicability, reliability, and accuracy of age-at-death estimation methods on a contemporary Italian population","authors":"Paolo Morandini, Lucie Biehler-Gomez, Cristina Cattaneo","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70011","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1556-4029.70011","url":null,"abstract":"This research tested the applicability, intra- and inter-observer reliability, and accuracy of nine macroscopic methods for estimating age-at-death from skeletal elements. The sample included 400 individuals from the contemporary CAL Milano Cemetery Skeletal Collection, equally divided by sex assigned at birth and with age-at-death ranging from 20 to 104 years. Statistical analyses used standard measures of reliability and validity. The most applicable methods assessed the auricular surface of the ilium (92%), whereas the preservation and/or identification of the fourth rib was rare (16%). All methods proved repeatable, except for the assessment of the obliteration of palatine sutures, which showed greater subjectivity to the observer's experience. The Rougé-Maillart (2009) method exhibited low bias and inaccuracy across all age groups in both sexes and the strongest correlation with chronological age in males. In females, the Buckberry and Chamberlain 2002 method showed the strongest correlation, but it tended to overestimate the age of younger individuals in both sexes. Age-at-death estimation methods revealed varying accuracy across age groups. The Suchey-Brooks 1990 method was effective for younger individuals, while the Rougé-Maillart (2009) and Falys and Prangle 2015 methods showed potential for the estimation of older adults, with lower bias and better precision. However, no approach was entirely satisfactory for older adults. The increasing life expectancy and the likelihood of encountering older adults’ remains highlight the need for refined techniques that better address age diversity in contemporary and ancient populations.","PeriodicalId":15743,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":"70 3","pages":"868-888"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1556-4029.70011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143627135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tusi but not 2C: A Miami-Dade medical examiner case series highlighting the variable drug composition in colored powder paraphernalia Tusi但不是2C：迈阿密-戴德法医案例系列突出了彩色粉末器具中可变的药物成分。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70012

Diane M. Moore PhD, Alexander D. Giachetti PSM-FS, M. Elizabeth Zaney BSc, Rocio B. Potoukian BS, Kenneth D. Hutchins MD

{"title":"Tusi but not 2C: A Miami-Dade medical examiner case series highlighting the variable drug composition in colored powder paraphernalia","authors":"Diane M. Moore PhD, Alexander D. Giachetti PSM-FS, M. Elizabeth Zaney BSc, Rocio B. Potoukian BS, Kenneth D. Hutchins MD","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70012","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1556-4029.70012","url":null,"abstract":"Eight fatalities between September 2020 and July 2024 in Miami-Dade County involving the ingestion of colored powders, referred to as “tusi,” “tucibi,” or “pink cocaine,” are reported. For each case, a description of the terminal event, the postmortem toxicology findings, the cause and manner of death, and the chemical composition of the “tusi” powder(s) found on or near the decedent are summarized. Fourteen powders, mostly pink with a sweet or fruity aroma, were submitted for analysis. Ketamine was identified in all submissions, with the majority also containing methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). Other substances identified in the powders include stimulants (cocaine, methylenedioxyamphetamine [MDA], and methamphetamine), opioids (oxycodone), benzodiazepines (alprazolam), synthetic cathinones (eutylone), and over-the-counter medications (diphenhydramine and loratadine). Five of the powders contained cocaine; however, none contained fentanyl or 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C-B). Five deaths were ruled as accidents, with four attributed to a drug overdose and one attributed to a fall from height. The remaining cases were classified as suicides (one fall from height, one hanging, and one self-inflicted gunshot wound). All cases reported multiple drugs in the decedent's postmortem blood in addition to ketamine and MDMA. The peripheral blood concentrations of ketamine and its metabolite, norketamine, ranged from 0.38–8.8 and 0.16–3.0 mg/L, respectively, and the concentration of MDMA and its metabolite, MDA, ranged from 0.10–3.0 and <0.01–0.27 mg/L, respectively. The medical examiner cases reported are the first to illustrate, through analytical testing, the variable drug composition of “tusi” powders and the impact its use may have in medicolegal death investigation.","PeriodicalId":15743,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":"70 3","pages":"1208-1216"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143627085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

False negative ELISA screen for benzoylecgonine in blood using the Neogen® assay 使用 Neogen® 检测法对血液中的苯甲酰可待因进行假阴性 ELISA 筛查。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-03-11 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70015

Jennifer F. Limoges MS, Seth J. Tracy BS, Heidi E. Grieger BS

引用次数: 0

RETRACTION: Evaluating Cardiac Risks of TASER: An In-Depth Case Study Through Probable Current Analysis 撤回：评估泰瑟枪的心脏风险：通过可能电流分析的深入案例研究。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-03-10 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70009

引用次数: 0

Investigation of the impact of a sound suppressor on the weapon's memory effect and gunshot residue formation 消声器对武器记忆效应和枪弹残余物形成影响的研究。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-03-03 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70008

Osnat Israelsohn Azulay PhD, Yigal Zidon PhD, Esti Kohalsky BSc

{"title":"Investigation of the impact of a sound suppressor on the weapon's memory effect and gunshot residue formation","authors":"Osnat Israelsohn Azulay PhD, Yigal Zidon PhD, Esti Kohalsky BSc","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70008","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1556-4029.70008","url":null,"abstract":"The firearm's memory effect describes circumstances where particles from previous firing cycles are deposited with or incorporated in the new ammunition debris. Even though this phenomenon is well studied, the influence of a sound suppressor on the strength of the memory effect and its extent has not yet been investigated. In this study, the SINOXID-type ammunition barium, antimony lead with added aluminum (BaSbPbAl) primer mixture, was initially fired, followed by firing ammunition with classic SINOXID primer composition BaSbPb. Thirty bullets were test fired with and without a suppressor, accompanied by sample collection in predetermined shooting intervals. The results of the present study demonstrate that the memory effect was significant even after 30 shots of the latter classic SINOXID ammunition, both with a suppressed pistol or unsuppressed pistol, and that the proportion of the particles not compatible with the primer composition was unequivocally pronounced when using a suppressed pistol. Moreover, shooting a suppressed pistol affects the total amount of gunshot residue found on the shooter's hands; thus, it should always be considered in reconstructions of shooting incidents. Explanations for this phenomenon are offered.","PeriodicalId":15743,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":"70 3","pages":"1174-1180"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143545441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Combining virtual endoscopy and postmortem computed tomography to identify airway obstruction by a peritonsillar abscess as the cause of an asphyxia death 结合虚拟内窥镜和死后计算机断层扫描来确定由腹膜周围脓肿引起的气道阻塞是窒息死亡的原因。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-02-25 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70001

Xin Zhao MD, Zhiming Chen PhD, Bo Wang MD, Hongyang Li MD, Liyao Yang MD, Lijun Wang MD, Hao Zhang MD, Guanglong He PhD

{"title":"Combining virtual endoscopy and postmortem computed tomography to identify airway obstruction by a peritonsillar abscess as the cause of an asphyxia death","authors":"Xin Zhao MD, Zhiming Chen PhD, Bo Wang MD, Hongyang Li MD, Liyao Yang MD, Lijun Wang MD, Hao Zhang MD, Guanglong He PhD","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70001","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1556-4029.70001","url":null,"abstract":"Peritonsillar abscess (PTA) is the most common deep neck infection, with well-known complications such as airway stenosis and aspiration pneumonia. However, death due to asphyxia caused by PTA is extremely rare in forensic research reports. Traditionally, the autopsy is the standard diagnostic method for pharyngeal lesions in forensic practice. The incorporation of postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) into the medicolegal death investigation has demonstrated unique diagnostic advantages for specific findings. In addition, virtual endoscopy (VE) shows great potential for supporting hollow organ assessment and postmortem diagnosis. Here, we report a case of asphyxial death due to airway obstruction caused by PTA. While autopsy, histopathological examination, and bacterial culture of fluid collected from the abscess effectively diagnosed PTA as the cause of airway obstruction leading to death, this case illustrates that PMCT combined with VE can be a valuable adjunct for in situ diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":15743,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":"70 3","pages":"1188-1192"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143494910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0