Journal of forensic sciences最新文献_第2页

Probabilistic genotyping replicate analysis of FaSTR clustered single sperm aSTR haplotypes reconstitutes probative diploid DNA genotypes from complex semen mixtures FaSTR聚类单精子的概率基因分型重复分析。aSTR单倍型从复杂混合精液中重建证明的二倍体DNA基因型。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-06-24 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70103

Morgan Peters MS, Kaitlin Huffman PhD, Jack Ballantyne PhD, Erin Hanson PhD

{"title":"Probabilistic genotyping replicate analysis of FaSTR clustered single sperm aSTR haplotypes reconstitutes probative diploid DNA genotypes from complex semen mixtures","authors":"Morgan Peters MS, Kaitlin Huffman PhD, Jack Ballantyne PhD, Erin Hanson PhD","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70103","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1556-4029.70103","url":null,"abstract":"Analysis of individual single sperm can assist in mixture deconvolution when there are multiple perpetrators to a sexual assault or instances in which limited sperm are available for analysis. This not only allows for reconstitution of the sperm donor's genotype but also allows for microscopic confirmation that the cell typed was a sperm cell. Single sperm analysis can be challenging due to sperm's low DNA template amount (~3.3 pg) and haploid nature, allowing for only half the donor's genotype to be detected in a single sperm cell. This can make clustering single sperm by donor difficult, as each sperm sample results in a different multilocus haplotype; although, some degree of allele sharing is expected between single sperm from the same donor. In the present work, FaSTR™ was validated for single sperm analysis. The database matching and sample-to-sample matching features of FaSTR™ were used to develop a clustering method to group autosomal short tandem repeat (aSTR) genotyped single sperm by donor. Once clustered, probabilistic genotyping replicate analysis (STRmix™) was conducted in a proof-of-concept investigative manner, resulting in highly probative single source 99% component diploid DNA genotypes which could be used for database (e.g., known offender database) searching when a reference is unavailable. This approach was applied to two different 2-, 3-, and 4-person semen mixtures (total of 6 mixtures) resulting in the recovery of highly probative single source genotypes.","PeriodicalId":15743,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":"70 5","pages":"1687-1703"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144487543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reporting the value of biological findings given activity level propositions: A discussion of published recommendations 在活动水平命题下报告生物学发现的价值：对已发表建议的讨论。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-06-20 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70112

John Buckleton DSc, Duncan Taylor PhD, Paul Stafford Allen BSc, James Curran PhD, Tim Kalafut PhD

{"title":"Reporting the value of biological findings given activity level propositions: A discussion of published recommendations","authors":"John Buckleton DSc, Duncan Taylor PhD, Paul Stafford Allen BSc, James Curran PhD, Tim Kalafut PhD","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70112","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1556-4029.70112","url":null,"abstract":"Evaluation of DNA given activity propositions (EGALP) is a widely discussed topic at this time, particularly in the United States. There is concern about opinions given in testimony that are not properly founded. Guidance on evaluative reporting given alleged activities can be found in published papers, official documents, and specialized textbooks. In this work, we aim to align and compare recommendations on evaluative reporting of DNA results. Some of these recommendations are explicitly stated while others are woven into the text. All documents pertain to evaluative reporting; they agree on the use of likelihood ratios and the need to avoid the transposed conditional. There is some disagreement such as whether a quantitative or qualitative LR should be reported. However, the majority situation is that one topic is covered explicitly by one document but only implicitly covered or not mentioned in the others. We identify 19 consensus recommendations and highlight five gaps or areas of disagreement for which we offer suggestions. It is our hope that this will encourage conversations that will lead to a more uniform set of guidelines, perhaps during a periodic updating of existing documents.","PeriodicalId":15743,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":"70 5","pages":"1670-1686"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144340714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Microbial succession patterns for postmortem interval estimation in decomposed mouse cadavers: A comparative study of mechanical asphyxia and hemorrhagic shock 微生物演替模式在分解小鼠尸体的死后间隔估计：机械性窒息和失血性休克的比较研究。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-06-16 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70108

Qin Su PhD, Xingchun Zhao BS, Xinbiao Liao BS, Xiaohui Chen MS, Qingqing Xiang MS, Yadong Guo PhD, Quyi Xu PhD, Chengdong Ma MS, Zhilei Chen BS, Fei Gao MS, Chao Liu PhD, Jian Zhao PhD

{"title":"Microbial succession patterns for postmortem interval estimation in decomposed mouse cadavers: A comparative study of mechanical asphyxia and hemorrhagic shock","authors":"Qin Su PhD, Xingchun Zhao BS, Xinbiao Liao BS, Xiaohui Chen MS, Qingqing Xiang MS, Yadong Guo PhD, Quyi Xu PhD, Chengdong Ma MS, Zhilei Chen BS, Fei Gao MS, Chao Liu PhD, Jian Zhao PhD","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70108","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1556-4029.70108","url":null,"abstract":"Estimating the postmortem interval (PMI) is crucial in forensic science. Recent studies suggest microbial community succession patterns as a promising tool for PMI inference. This study examines how the cause of death, specifically mechanical asphyxia and hemorrhagic shock, influences microbial succession. By utilizing 16S amplicon sequencing, the study characterizes the succession patterns of microbial communities in different body parts (facial skin and cecal tissue) and applies random forest regression to develop PMI inference models. The results revealed significant differences in the decomposition processes between mechanical asphyxia and hemorrhagic shock. Determining the PMI based solely on postmortem phenomena proved challenging. Microbial communities in facial skin and cecal tissue—two distinct body parts from a decomposing corpse with the same cause of death—showed considerable variation, and the microbial composition in cecal tissue also differed between the two causes of death. The regression model, based on microbiota data at the family level, demonstrated the best performance. Specifically, eight bacterial families, including Enterobacteriaceae and Corynebacteriaceae, in facial skin were identified as predictors of PMI in corpses decomposed due to mechanical asphyxia, with an average absolute error of 2.15 ± 0.85 days. In contrast, 28 bacterial families, such as Lachnospiraceae and Clostridiales_NA, in cecal tissue were found to predict the PMI of corpses decomposed due to hemorrhagic shock, with an average absolute error of 2.52 ± 0.74 days. These findings provide a valuable microbial dataset for advancing forensic PMI studies.","PeriodicalId":15743,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":"70 5","pages":"1892-1907"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144311115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A murder in Boston 波士顿发生了一起谋杀案。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-06-16 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70097

Tim Kalafut PhD, James Curran PhD, John Buckleton DSc

引用次数: 0

Assessment of the drowning index in diagnosing freshwater drowning: A comparative study 淡水溺水诊断中溺水指数评价的比较研究。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-06-13 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70107

Nirmal Nagar MD, Binaya Kumar Bastia MD, Yatiraj Singi MD, Dipen Dabhi MD, Kriti Nagar

{"title":"Assessment of the drowning index in diagnosing freshwater drowning: A comparative study","authors":"Nirmal Nagar MD, Binaya Kumar Bastia MD, Yatiraj Singi MD, Dipen Dabhi MD, Kriti Nagar","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70107","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1556-4029.70107","url":null,"abstract":"Drowning is a diagnosis of exclusion, as no finding is pathognomonic to drowning, making it a challenging task during autopsy. The drowning index (DI) is the ratio of the combined weights of both lungs and pleural effusion to the weight of the spleen. This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary healthcare center in Northern India, including 75 cases of freshwater drowning, 64 cases of sudden cardiac death, and 40 cases of hanging deaths. We measured DI parameters such as the weights of both lungs, pleural effusion, and spleen, and the DI was calculated and compared among the groups. We also calculated the cut-off DI value using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. We observed that in drowning cases, the value of DI, combined weight of both lungs, and pleural effusion is significantly higher, whereas the weight of the spleen is lower when compared with cardiac and hanging deaths. However, lung weight alone is not suggestive of drowning. A DI value of more than 9.7 is highly suggestive of freshwater drowning death, with a sensitivity of 86.7% and specificity of 70.2% within a postmortem interval (PMI) of up to 2 weeks. The DI value is higher in males compared with females, but the difference is not statistically significant among the drowning group.","PeriodicalId":15743,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":"70 5","pages":"1844-1852"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144295553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development and evaluation of methods for objective comparison of x-ray fluorescence spectra x射线荧光光谱客观比较方法的发展与评价。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-06-13 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70105

Meghan Prusinowski PhD, Evie Nguyen MSFS, Cedric Neumann PhD, Tatiana Trejos PhD

{"title":"Development and evaluation of methods for objective comparison of x-ray fluorescence spectra","authors":"Meghan Prusinowski PhD, Evie Nguyen MSFS, Cedric Neumann PhD, Tatiana Trejos PhD","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70105","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1556-4029.70105","url":null,"abstract":"This study provides statistical support for X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) spectral comparisons using quantitative similarity measures. A set of electrical tapes originating from different rolls (94 rolls, 24 brands, 54 product types, four countries of manufacture) and an additional subset originating from the same source (20 samples from the same roll) are characterized via XRF. Noise in spectra is filtered using Fast Fourier Transform, and baselines are corrected using a second derivative–constrained weighted regression. Then, spectral contrast angle ratios (SCAR) are calculated for each pairwise comparison (n = 4561). The SCAR metric can capture information on the variability between the compared samples and the variability within same-source samples. Based on that measure, a threshold minimizing erroneous associations or exclusions is proposed. In addition, SCAR is used to classify samples using cluster analysis. An automated approach to sample comparison utilizing a random forest algorithm assists in identifying the basis for similarities or differences between compared spectra. This study describes a more objective approach to reporting opinions and probabilistic determinations of spectral data that can be used as a model for other fields and materials. The use of the SCAR metric can support the forensic examiner's decision-making process and add transparency in various ways.","PeriodicalId":15743,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":"70 5","pages":"1785-1800"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144295554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Forensic pathology and toxicological analyses: A case of fatal xylazine poisoning 法医病理学和毒理学分析：致死性噻嗪中毒1例。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-06-12 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70104

Zhonghao Yu MD, Yuhao Yuan MD, Jiaxin Zhang MD, Xiangting Gao MD, Chen Chen MM, Erjuan Zhao MM, Jinghong Ma MD, Yiwu Zhou MD

{"title":"Forensic pathology and toxicological analyses: A case of fatal xylazine poisoning","authors":"Zhonghao Yu MD, Yuhao Yuan MD, Jiaxin Zhang MD, Xiangting Gao MD, Chen Chen MM, Erjuan Zhao MM, Jinghong Ma MD, Yiwu Zhou MD","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70104","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1556-4029.70104","url":null,"abstract":"Xylazine, an α2-adrenergic receptor agonist commonly used as a veterinary sedative, has gained notoriety for its increasing misuse in combination with opioids, such as fentanyl, to potentiate its effects. This trend has led to a rise in cases of xylazine poisoning. Although timely diagnosis and intervention have reduced fatalities, the postmortem pathological manifestations and lethal blood concentration of xylazine alone remain poorly characterized due to its common co-occurrence in toxicology with fentanyl. This study presented a case of homicide involving fatal intoxication solely from xylazine overdose without coadministration of other central nervous system drugs, detailing the multi-organ pathological changes observed and quantifying the decedent's blood xylazine concentration at 13.34 μg/mL using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). The findings aimed to provide forensic practitioners with valuable insights for the identification and investigation of fatal xylazine poisoning cases.","PeriodicalId":15743,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":"70 5","pages":"2102-2107"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144287668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Anthropological examination of the hyoid bone, thyroid cartilage, and cricoid cartilage in suicidal hangings 自杀悬吊中舌骨、甲状软骨和环状软骨的人类学研究。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-06-10 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70102

Bradley Adams PhD, Kelsey Opozda BA, Christopher Rainwater PhD, Gregory Dickinson MD

{"title":"Anthropological examination of the hyoid bone, thyroid cartilage, and cricoid cartilage in suicidal hangings","authors":"Bradley Adams PhD, Kelsey Opozda BA, Christopher Rainwater PhD, Gregory Dickinson MD","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70102","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1556-4029.70102","url":null,"abstract":"Thorough evaluation of the hyoid bone, thyroid cartilage, and cricoid cartilage is critical in trauma interpretation as fractures of the neck block are commonly associated with manual strangulation, suicidal hanging, and direct blunt force trauma. The frequency of fractures to laryngohyoid structures is differentially reported in the literature. Between 2019 and 2021, the neck blocks from 56 suicidal hangings were subjected to an anthropological analysis for trauma. The protocol for examining these cases involved radiographs prior to removal of the soft tissues, followed by removal of all soft tissue overlying the skeletal and cartilaginous structures. This prospective study of the hyoid bone, thyroid cartilage, and cricoid cartilage from suicidal hangings found fractures in 71.4% of the cases. The correlation between different variables (e.g., age, sex, stature, weight, ligature furrow size, type of suspension) and the frequency of fractures was analyzed. Findings showed that there was not a strong correlation between the presence of fractures and sex, height, or weight of the decedent. Although not statistically significant, possible trends were observed based on the type of suspension and ligature furrow size. Age showed a statistically significant correlation with fractures. Overall, the number of fractures observed per case ranged from 0 to 6. The thyroid was the most common location for fractures. Although infrequent, cricoid fractures were observed in association with some cases. Differences in published laryngohyoid fracture frequencies appear to be primarily related to variation in data collection procedures.","PeriodicalId":15743,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":"70 5","pages":"1908-1917"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144268249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A murder in Austin Texas: A case report featuring evaluation given activity level propositions 德克萨斯州奥斯汀市的一起谋杀案：一份以活动水平命题为特征的案件报告。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-06-10 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70099

John Buckleton DSc

引用次数: 0

Using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and machine learning for forensic hair identification 利用ATR-FTIR光谱和机器学习进行法医头发鉴定。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-06-09 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70062

Zehua Fan PhD, Chenyu Li PhD, Qiran Sun PhD, Yiwen Luo PhD, Hancheng Lin PhD, Bin Cong PhD, Ping Huang PhD

{"title":"Using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and machine learning for forensic hair identification","authors":"Zehua Fan PhD, Chenyu Li PhD, Qiran Sun PhD, Yiwen Luo PhD, Hancheng Lin PhD, Bin Cong PhD, Ping Huang PhD","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70062","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1556-4029.70062","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this experiment is to utilize attenuated total reflection (ATR) Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for the discrimination of different types of hair, as numerous studies have substantiated its efficacy in substance classification. In this study, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy was employed to analyze scalp hair, pubic hair, and armpit hair from human subjects. Additionally, a machine learning model was integrated to differentiate between hairs originating from distinct body regions. Because of the limited sampling conditions, we only chose samples from Chinese people who have been living in Shanghai and the surrounding areas for a long time to conduct the experiment. We developed partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), random forest (RF), and support vector machine (SVM) classification models and compared their performance in identification. The results show that the SVM model has the best identification results with 90.37% accuracy, 90.37% recall, and 90.38% precision. This preliminary study suggests that ATR-FTIR spectroscopy combined with SVM may be an effective and promising aid in assisting the identification of hair in different parts of the human body. This method is non-destructive, fast, and accurate, and does not require a sample preparation process, which makes it promising in the field of forensic science. Also, we found that the main substance differences that contributed to the good distinction between hairs were expressed in amide I, followed by amide III and C-H deformation.","PeriodicalId":15743,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":"70 4","pages":"1537-1543"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144251611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0