Journal of forensic sciences最新文献_第2页

The development of two fast genotyping assays for the differentiation of hemp from marijuana 开发两种快速基因分型测定法，用于区分大麻和大麻。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15663

Ya-Chih Cheng PhD, Rachel Houston PhD

{"title":"The development of two fast genotyping assays for the differentiation of hemp from marijuana","authors":"Ya-Chih Cheng PhD, Rachel Houston PhD","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.15663","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1556-4029.15663","url":null,"abstract":"The legalization of hemp cultivation in the United States has raised the need for reliable methods to distinguish between legal hemp and illegal marijuana. Genetic analysis has emerged as a powerful tool, surpassing traditional chemical methods in specific aspects, such as analyzing trace amounts, aged samples, and different parts of the sample. Genetic differences in cannabinoid synthase genes offer promise for precise crop type determination, particularly focusing on genes like tetrahydrocannabinolic acid synthase (THCAS), cannabidiolic acid synthase (CBDAS), and cannabichromenic acid synthase (CBCAS). However, previous research faced several challenges in developing discriminatory genetic markers, including limited sample sizes, high similarity between the synthase genes, and the presence of pseudo synthase genes. A comprehensive study using Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) introduced a differentiation flowchart based on THCAS, CBDAS, and THCAS pseudogenes. To bridge the gap between NGS and the practical requirements of crime laboratories, two rapid genotyping assays were developed: a CE-based SNaPshot™ assay and a TaqMan™ real-time PCR assay. While the SNaPshot™ assay effectively differentiated various hemp and marijuana types, differentiation was limited with marijuana samples containing THC% close to the 0.3% legal threshold (0.3%–1%). The TaqMan™ qPCR SNP genotyping assay provided quicker results, making it an efficient choice for crime laboratories. However, this method had the same limitations as the SNaPshot™ assay with addtional challenges in differentiating edible hemp seed samples, and it did not provide additional CBD information. The study also highlighted the influence of two variants of one THCAS pseudogene on chemotype determination, emphasizing the necessity for precise genetic analysis for accurate categorization of cannabis varieties.","PeriodicalId":15743,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":"70 1","pages":"49-60"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142650449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Relevant propositions for Y chromosome interpretation Y 染色体解释的相关命题。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15669

Jo-Anne Bright PhD, Mikkel Meyer Andersen PhD, Duncan Taylor PhD, Hannah Kelly PhD, Maarten Kruijver PhD, John Buckleton DSc

{"title":"Relevant propositions for Y chromosome interpretation","authors":"Jo-Anne Bright PhD, Mikkel Meyer Andersen PhD, Duncan Taylor PhD, Hannah Kelly PhD, Maarten Kruijver PhD, John Buckleton DSc","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.15669","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1556-4029.15669","url":null,"abstract":"The Y chromosomal haplotype is expected to be identical (or close to, depending on the mutation rate) among a male and many of his paternal relatives. This means that often the same evidential value for the DNA evidence is obtained, whether the true donor or one of his close paternal relatives is compared to a crime sample. Commentators (see for example the UK Forensic Science Regulator or Amorim) have suggested to change the proposition pair to compare the probability of the evidence if the Person of Interest (POI) or one of his close paternal relatives left the DNA to the probability of the evidence if an unrelated male from the population left the DNA. We argue that this is problematic because there is no clear definition of close paternal relatives and truly unrelated males do not exist. Instead, we take a starting point in the traditional proposition pair “The source of the male DNA is the POI” versus “The source of the male DNA is not the POI” and make the latter one operational by suggesting that it is formulated as “The source of the male DNA is a random man from the population”. The issue of matching males in the POI's lineage is then addressed either in a comment in the statement or directly through a probability model.","PeriodicalId":15743,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":"70 1","pages":"271-275"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142650448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Score-based likelihood ratios for barefootprint evidence using deep learning features 利用深度学习特征对赤足印证据进行基于分数的似然比分析。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15670

Yi Yang BEng, Yunqi Tang PhD, Junjian Cui MEng, Xiaorui Zhao MEng

{"title":"Score-based likelihood ratios for barefootprint evidence using deep learning features","authors":"Yi Yang BEng, Yunqi Tang PhD, Junjian Cui MEng, Xiaorui Zhao MEng","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.15670","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1556-4029.15670","url":null,"abstract":"As the court put forward higher requirements for quantitative evaluation and scientific standards of forensic evidence, how to objectively and scientifically express identification opinions has become a challenge for traditional forensic identification methods. Score-based likelihood ratios are mathematical methods for quantitative evaluation of forensic evidence. However, due to the subtle differences in inter-class barefootprints, there is no automatic barefootprints matching algorithm with high accuracy under large-scale dataset validation, and there are few studies related to deep learning barefootprint features for evidence evaluation in court. Therefore, score-based likelihood ratios for barefootprint evidence using deep learning features are proposed by this paper. Firstly, the largest barefootprint dataset (BFD) is constructed, which contains 54,118 barefootprint images from 3000 individuals. Then, an automatic barefootprint feature extraction and matching algorithm is proposed, which achieves a retrieval accuracy of 98.4% on BFD and an AUC of 0.989 for barefootprint validation. Next, Cosine distance, Euclidean distance and Manhattan distance are employed to measure the comparison scores between intra-class and inter-class barefootprints using deep learning features in four dimensions of 64, 128, 512 and 1024, respectively. The performance of proposed model is evaluated by comparing the <math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>C</mi>\u0000 <mi>llr</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </semantics></math> values and the Tippett plot. Finally, simulated crime scene barefootprint samples are constructed to verify the practical application of the proposed method, which provide further support for the quantitative evaluation of barefootprint evidence in court.","PeriodicalId":15743,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":"70 1","pages":"98-116"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142635199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sickle cell trait in non-firearm arrest-related deaths of Black persons 黑人非因枪杀而死亡者中的镰状细胞性状。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15668

Mark W. Kroll PhD, Dwayne A. Wolf MD, PhD, Stacey L. Hail MD, Tasha L. Zemrus MD, Sebastian Kunz MD, Howard E. Williams PhD

{"title":"Sickle cell trait in non-firearm arrest-related deaths of Black persons","authors":"Mark W. Kroll PhD, Dwayne A. Wolf MD, PhD, Stacey L. Hail MD, Tasha L. Zemrus MD, Sebastian Kunz MD, Howard E. Williams PhD","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.15668","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1556-4029.15668","url":null,"abstract":"The role of sickle cell trait (SCT) in sudden exertional death is well-recognized in sports and military training. However, it is not yet studied for non-firearm arrest-related death (NF-ARD). With extensive multi-pronged searches, a large database (n = 1389) of NF-ARDs was established. For the years 2006–2021 (inclusive) there were 50 NF-ARDs of Black persons in which postmortem evidence of SCT was found. A control cohort consisted of 414 NF-ARDs of Black persons with no reported SCT. The mean age for SCT cases was 33.1 ± 10.4 years versus 37.0 ± 10.4 years for the control group (p = 0.01). The body-mass index for SCT cases was 28.3 ± 6.6 kg/m2 versus 30.7 ± 7.6 kg/m2 for the control group (p = 0.03). The prevalence of cardiomegaly was 21% for SCT cases versus 39% in the control cohort (p = 0.008). The postmortem prevalence of SCT in NF-ARDs of Black persons (n = 50, 10.7%) was higher than the prevalence of SCT in the US Black population, which is 7.1% (p = 0.003). In this study of NF-ARDs in Black persons, the prevalence of SCT and the differences between the SCT cases and the control cohort suggest that exertional collapse associated with sickle cell trait may be a contributory factor in NF-ARDs.","PeriodicalId":15743,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":"70 1","pages":"179-185"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142635201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Forensic-geology-based magnetic analysis of beach sediments from the Shimokita Peninsula, Japan 基于法医地质学的日本下北半岛海滩沉积物磁性分析。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15667

Noriko Kawamura PhD, Takuya Matsushita BSc, Hiromi Itamiya PhD, Ritsuko Sugita PhD, Toshitsugu Yamazaki PhD

{"title":"Forensic-geology-based magnetic analysis of beach sediments from the Shimokita Peninsula, Japan","authors":"Noriko Kawamura PhD, Takuya Matsushita BSc, Hiromi Itamiya PhD, Ritsuko Sugita PhD, Toshitsugu Yamazaki PhD","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.15667","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1556-4029.15667","url":null,"abstract":"The occurrences of various illegal activities on beaches require effective geological and environmental investigation methods. Among these methods, the room-temperature magnetic analysis of soils and sediments represents a nondestructive investigation method for various amounts, types, and grain sizes of magnetic minerals. Here, to verify the usefulness of magnetic analysis in forensic geology research, beach sediment samples from nine sites in the Shimokita Peninsula, Japan, were measured using magnetic analysis to determine the correlations between their concentration-dependent magnetic parameters and actual regional characteristics. The results revealed that the values of various parameters, namely the low-field magnetic susceptibility, anhysteretic remanent magnetization, and isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM), were relatively higher at sites near Ti and Fe sedimentary ore deposits. Further, thermomagnetometry results revealed that magnetite was the main magnetic carrier of the sediments. Moreover, pyrrhotite was detected around Ti–Fe mine sites. Furthermore, the results of the investigated parameters reflected the regional characteristics of the amount of magnetic minerals in the beach sediments. Low-temperature IRM curves and the magnetic grain size parameter also displayed sample-site-reflective characteristics. Thus, we believe that magnetic analysis represents an effective method for estimating the provenance of beach sediments in forensic geology research.","PeriodicalId":15743,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":"70 1","pages":"117-131"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11693521/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142635195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Commentary on: Gutierrez RE, Prokesch EJ. The false promise of firearms examination validation studies: Lay controls, simplistic comparisons, and the failure to soundly measure misidentification rates. J Forensic Sci. 2024;69(4):1334–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.15531 评论： Gutierrez RE, Prokesch EJ：Gutierrez RE, Prokesch EJ.枪支检查验证研究的虚假承诺：外行人的控制、简单化的比较以及未能正确衡量错误识别率。J Forensic Sci. 2024; 69(4):1334-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.15531.

IF 1.5 4区医学

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15659

Todd J. Weller MS, Pierre Duez MASc, Ryan Lilien MD, PhD

引用次数: 0

Authors' response 作者回复。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15660

Richard E. Gutierrez JD, Emily J. Prokesch JD

引用次数: 0

Accurate felt-tip pen brands classification based on a convolutional neural network using data augmentation 基于卷积神经网络的毡尖笔品牌精确分类，采用数据增强技术。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15658

Xiaobin Wang PhD, Lei Yang MS, Ruili Chen PhD, Wei Guo PhD, Xun Han PhD, Aolin Zhang BS

{"title":"Accurate felt-tip pen brands classification based on a convolutional neural network using data augmentation","authors":"Xiaobin Wang PhD, Lei Yang MS, Ruili Chen PhD, Wei Guo PhD, Xun Han PhD, Aolin Zhang BS","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.15658","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1556-4029.15658","url":null,"abstract":"Ink analysis played an important role in document examination, but the limited dataset made it difficult for many algorithms to distinguish inks accurately. This article aimed to evaluate the feasibility of two data augmentation (DA) methods, Gaussian noise data augmentation (GNDA) and extended multiplicative signal augmentation (EMSA), for the classification of felt-tip pen ink brands. Four brands of felt-tip pens were analyzed using FT-IR spectroscopy. Five classification models were used, convolutional neural network (CNN), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). The results showed that the datasets generated by GNDA and EMSA are similar to the original datasets and have some diversity. The EMSA method had optimal classification results when combined with CNN, with classification accuracy (ACC), precision (PRE), recall (REC) and F1 score reaching 99.86%, 99.87%, 99.86%, 99.86%, and 99.86%, compared with GNDA-CNN method (ACC = 80.90%, PRE = 87.34%, REC = 81.62%, F1 score = 79.23%). This study shows that when raw spectral data is small, DA methods can be combined with neural network models to identify ink brands effectively.","PeriodicalId":15743,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":"70 1","pages":"170-178"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142635102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A fatal case of potassium gold cyanide poisoning 一起致命的氰化金钾中毒事件。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15654

Ilung Seol PhD, Seungho Lee MS, Hyejung Kim MD, Hyung Joo Kim MS, Su-Jin Ahn MS, Jieun Jung PhD, Jaesin Lee PhD

{"title":"A fatal case of potassium gold cyanide poisoning","authors":"Ilung Seol PhD, Seungho Lee MS, Hyejung Kim MD, Hyung Joo Kim MS, Su-Jin Ahn MS, Jieun Jung PhD, Jaesin Lee PhD","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.15654","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1556-4029.15654","url":null,"abstract":"A 77-year-old professional gold craftsman ingested a white powder used in goldsmithing, mistaking the powder for a health supplement. He detected a strange taste and immediately fell sick, reported the incident to 911, and was taken to the emergency room. He died approximately 8.5 h post-ingestion despite treatment. There were no significant findings in the autopsy, the victim's heart blood sample, gastric contents, and the white powder the victim had taken were submitted to the department of forensic toxicology. Using scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive X-ray analysis, potassium and gold (Au) were detected in the white powder. Ion chromatography analysis detected cyanide. Concentrations of cyanide were 0.5 mg/L in heart blood and 13.3 mg/L in gastric contents. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of Au in the heart blood sample and gastric contents using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry detected concentrations of 79.8 mg/L and 2010.1 mg/L, respectively. Au and cyanide synergistically enhance cytotoxicity through inhibition of detoxification and increasing intracellular accumulation. In the present case, the detected blood cyanide concentration was sub or minimally lethal, and the blood Au concentration was high. The cause of the victim's death was the combined toxicity of Au and cyanide.","PeriodicalId":15743,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":"70 1","pages":"387-391"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142635181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Detection of low-level fentanyl concentrations in mixtures of cocaine, MDMA, methamphetamine, and caffeine via surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy 通过表面增强拉曼光谱检测可卡因、摇头丸、甲基苯丙胺和咖啡因混合物中的低浓度芬太尼。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15652

Saiqa Muneer PhD, Matthew Smith PhD, Mikaela M. Bazley PhD, Daniel Cozzolino PhD, Joanne T. Blanchfield PhD

{"title":"Detection of low-level fentanyl concentrations in mixtures of cocaine, MDMA, methamphetamine, and caffeine via surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy","authors":"Saiqa Muneer PhD, Matthew Smith PhD, Mikaela M. Bazley PhD, Daniel Cozzolino PhD, Joanne T. Blanchfield PhD","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.15652","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1556-4029.15652","url":null,"abstract":"Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) was utilized to measure low-level fentanyl concentrations mixed in common cutting agents, cocaine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), methamphetamine, and caffeine. Mixtures were prepared with a fentanyl concentration range of 0–339 μM. Data was initially analyzed by plotting the area of a diagnostic peak (1026 cm−1) against concentration to generate a calibration model. This method was successful with fentanyl/MDMA samples (LOD 0.04 μM) but not for the other mixtures. A chemometric approach was then employed. The data was evaluated using principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares (PLS1) regression, and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). The LDA model was used to classify samples into one of three designated concentration ranges, low = 0–0.4 mM, medium = 0.4–14 mM, or high >14 mM, with fentanyl concentrations correctly classified with greater than 85% accuracy. This model was then validated using a series of “blind” fentanyl mixtures and these unknown samples were assigned to the correct concentration range with an accuracy >95%. The PLS1 model failed to provide accurate quantitative assignments for the samples but did provide an accurate prediction for the presence or absence of fentanyl. The combination of the two models enabled accurate quantitative assignment of fentanyl in binary mixtures. This work establishes a proof of concept, indicating a larger sample size could generate a more accurate model. It demonstrates that samples, containing variable, low concentrations of fentanyl, can be accurately quantified, using SERS.","PeriodicalId":15743,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":"70 1","pages":"73-83"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142635151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0